Technique for determination of gold electrode area and its application of characterization in self-assembling process

Underpotential deposition(UPD) of copper at polycrystal gold surface under different concentrations has been studied, and its reversibility and stability in high concentration (0.2M CuSO4+0.IM H2SO4) have been demonstrated by cyclic voltermmetry and EQCM. A Valid approach to determine the gold electrode area in presence of adsorbed species has been provided by using Cu UPD method. Further, the growth kinetics of decane thiol on gold has also been investigated based on such a Cu UPD technique.

Facile synthesis of phenyl-capped oligoanilines using pseudo-high dilution technique

Monodispersed phenyl-capped trianiline and tetraaniline were successfully synthesized by the reactions of diphenylamine with acetaldehyde-based Sckiff's bases of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine, respectively, in the presence of ammonium persulfate and hydrochloric acid, subsequent deprotonation and reduction with phenylhydrazine. The reaction mechanism probably involves the slow hydrolysis of the Sckiff's bases and subsequent oxidative coupling reactions of the formed ammonium salts with diphenylamine at pseudo-high dilution condition of the salts.

Structure of [C8H7](+) and intramolecular proton transfer reactions in 3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol by MS/MS technique

The electron impact mass spectrum (EIMS) of 3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol was reported in this paper. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) was used to study the gas phase ion structure of [C8H7](+) formed by the fragmentation of ionized 3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol, and that it has the same structure as m/z 103 ions generated by cinnamic acid and alpha-methylstyrene. Deuterium labelling, metastable ion (MI) and CID experimental results indicate the formation of m/z 103 ion resulting from molecular ion of 3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol, which is a stepwise procedure via twice proton transfers, rather than concerted process during the successive elimination of methyl radical and neutral carbon monoxide accompanying hydrogen transfer. Moreover, in order to rationalized these fragmentation processes, the bimolecular proton bound complex between benzyne and acetylene intermediate has been proposed.

An effective etching technique for polycarbonate/core-shell poly(butyl acrylate) poly(methyl methacrylate) blend

Two etching techniques are used to reveal the morphology of PC/PBA-cs-PMMA blend. One is based on acetic acid (CH3COOH) solutions, whereas the other uses CCl4/ C2H5OH (3/1 v/v). The latter approach shows to be more appropriate and successful for revealing the morphology of PC/PBA-cs-PMMA blend.

Impedance spectrum measurement in liquid/liquid interface electrochemistry .2. Study on the ion transfer at L/L interface by impedance spectrum technique

In this paper we study the ion transfer across the liquid/liquid interface by impedance spectrum technique in the four - electrode system. We present a method of getting the real interfacial impedance curve from the apparent impedance curve obtained in the four - electrode system. A practical kinetics investigation on the transfer of tetramethylammonium ion at the water/nitrobenzene interface was done with the method to verify the validity of the method. The transfer of tetramethylammonium ion at the W/O interface is really a reversible transfer.

A novel in-situ spectroelectrochemical technique with probe beam deflection: For study of the ion exchange between films on electrode surface and solutions

A novel in-situ spectroelectrochemical technique, the combination of probe beam deflection (PBD) with cyclic voltammetry (CV), was used to study the ion exchange process of prussian blue(PB) modified film electrode in contact with various electrolyte solutions. The ion exchange mechanism was verified as following: (K2Fe2+FeII)(CN)(6) -e(-)-k(+)reversible arrow +e(-)+k(+) (KFe3+FeII)(CN)(6) -ke(-)-xk(+)reversible arrow +xe(-)+kk(+) [(Fe3+FeIII)(CN)(6)](x)[(KFe3+FeII)(CN)(6)](1-x) where on reduction PB film in contact with an acidic KCl electrolyte, it was confirmed that protons enter into the PB film before K+ cations.

THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS OF NERNSTIAN PLOTS IN THE THIN-LAYER SPECTROPOTENTIOSTATIC TECHNIQUE

The Nernstian plots in a spectropotentiostatic experiment for complex electrode processes were studied theoretically. The plots are linear for an electron transfer process coupled with a preceding or succeeding chemical reaction, and the electron stoichio

STUDY ON THE COMPLEXATION OF ACENAPHTHENE AND FLUORANTHENE WITH CYCLODEXTRINS BY MEANS OF TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE

The complexation of acenaphthene and fluoranthene with beta-cyclodextrin (CD) in aqueous solutions in the presence and absence of ethanol was investigated by means of the time-resolved fluorescence technique. The appearance of a longer lifetime component and the increase of its fraction relative to that of the shorter lifetime component with increasing CD concentration demonstrate the formation of inclusion complex between the guest molecule and CD. The formation constants for complexation were derived from the pre-exponential factor A(i) of fluorescence decay curves. The presence of ethanol in the reaction systems enhanced the inclusion to a large extent.

Identification of peptides that bind with thymidylate synthase RNA using mRNA display technique

Using in vitro selection method to isolate nucleic acids, peptides and proteins has been studied intensively in recent years. In vitro mRNA display is a new and effective technique for peptides selection, and the rationale of this technique is that a synthetic mRNA with puromycin could covalently link with the protein that it encodes, thus an mRNA-protein fusion is formed. This approach has been used in identification of many functional peptides. The peptides binding with thymidylate synthase RNA were isolated using mRNA display technique from a large peptide library (>10(13) different sequences). The selection scheme was constructed, and the experimental conditions, including library synthesis, formation of RNA-peptide fusion and RNA immobilization were optimized. Eight cycles have been processed and the results confirmed that the selected peptides could bind with thymidylate synthase mRNA specifically. Compared the amino acid sequences of the selected peptides with those from the initial random library, the basic and aromatic residues in selected peptides were enriched significantly, suggesting these peptide regions may be important in the peptide-TS mRNA interaction. As a novel in vitro selection approach, mRNA display technique would be developed as a powerful tool for isolation of functional peptides and proteins that could interact with immobilized targets with high affinity and specificity.

Application of forecasting structural cracks technique of 3D move in Chengdao buried hill

3DMove software, based on the three-dimension structural model of geologic interpretation, can forecast reservoir cracks from the point of view of formation of the structural geology, and analyze the characteristics of the cracks. 3DMove software dominates in forecasting cracks. We forecast the developments and directions of the cracks in Chengbei buried hill with the application of forecasting technique in 3DMove software, and obtain the chart about strain distributing on top in buried hill and the chart about relative density and orientation and the chart about the analysis of crack unsealing. In Chengbei 30 buried hill zone, north-west and north-east and approximately east-west cracks in Cenozoic are very rich and the main directions in every fault block are different. Forecasting results that are also verified by those of drilling approximately accord with the data from well logging, the case of which shows that the technique has the better ability in forecasting cracks, and takes more effects on exploration and exploitation of crack reservoir beds in ancient buried hill reservoirs.

Characteristics of anodic coatings oxidized to different voltage on AZ91D Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidization technique

With increasing applied voltage, three types of anodic coatings, passive film, micro-spark ceramic coating and spark ceramic coating were made by micro-arc oxidization (MAO) technique on AZ91D magnesium alloy in alkali-silicate solution. The structure, composition characteristics and the electrochemical properties of coatings were also studied with SEM, XRD and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) technique, respectively. It is found that the electrochemical properties are closely related to the structure and composition characteristics of the anodic coatings. At the same time, the characteristics of the three types of anodic coatings differ significantly, among them, the micro-spark ceramic coating, prepared in the voltage range of 170similar to220V exhibits compact, homogeneous structure and highest corrosion-resistance.

Speciation Analysis of Organotin Compounds in Shellfish by Hyphenated Technique of High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The hyphenated technique of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(HPLC-ICP-MS) was applied to the simultaneous determination of five organotin compounds in the shellfish samples. Agilent TC-C-18 column was selected, mobile phase of the HPLC was CH3CN:H2O: CH3COOH = 65:23:12 (V/V), 0. 05% TEA, pH = 3.0 at flow rate 0.4 mL/min. Five mixed organotin standards from 100 mu g/L to 0. 5 mu g/L was used for the method evaluation. The experimental results indicate that the linearity (R-2) for each compound was over 0.998. The shellfish samples were treated by supersonic extraction with mobile phase for 30min. Four organotin compounds including dibutyltin (DBT), tributyltin (TBT), diphenyltin (DphT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) in shellfish samples were detected with method mentioned above. It was found that the domain compounds in the samples were tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT). The recoveries test from the standard addition for trimethyltin (TMT tributyltin (TBT), and triphenyltin (TPhT) were, over 80%. However, the recoveries for diphenyltin (DPhT) and dibutyltin (DBT) were relatively low, 37.3% and 75.2% respectively. The reason might be attributed to the decomposition of those compounds during the extraction procedure. The further study on this subject is under the progress.

A study on the ignition process for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas by MS-TPSR technique

The ignition processes for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane (POM) to synthesis gas over oxidic nickel catalyst (NiO/Al2O3), reduced nickel catalyst (Ni-0/Al2O3), and Pt-promoted oxidic nickel catalyst (Pt-NiO/Al2O3) were studied by the temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) technique. The complete oxidation of methane usually took place on the NiO catalyst during the CH4/O-2 reaction, even with a pre-reduced nickel catalyst, and Ni-0 is inevitably first oxidized to NiO if the temperature is below the ignition temperature. It is above a certain temperature that Ni-0 is formed again, which leads to the start of the POM. The POM can be initiated at a much lower temperature on a Pt-NiO catalyst because of Pt promotion of the reduction of NiO. The POM in a fluidized bed can be easily initiated due to the addition of Pt.