Avaliação das respostas fisiológicas de bezerros Zebuínos puros e cruzados nascidos em clima subtropical

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Buffalo milk production in brazil and colombia: Genotype by environment interaction

The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a genotype by environment interaction (GxE) for dairy buffaloes in Brazil and Colombia. The (co)variance components were estimated by using a bi-trait repeatability animal model with the REML method. Each trait consisted in the milk yield obtained in both countries. Contemporary group (herd, year and season of parity) and age at parity (linear and quadratic covariate) fixed effects, along with the additive genetic, permanent environment, and the residual random effects were included in the model. Genetic, permanent environmental and residual variance and heritabilities were different for both countries. The genetic correlations for milk yield between Brazil and Colombia were low (between 0.10 and 0.13), indicating a GxE interaction between both countries. Knowing that this interaction influences the genetic progress of buffalo populations in Brazil and Colombia, we recommend choosing sires tested in the country they will be used, along with conducting joint genetic evaluations that consider GxE interaction effects.

Influência de Manejos de irrigação sobre aspectos de Ecofisiologia e de produção da videira cv. Syrah / Paulsen 1103

O manejo de irrigação pode influenciar o comportamento ecofisiológico e a produção da videira. O objetivo desse trabalho, conduzido em 2010 em Petrolina – PE, no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, foi avaliar a influência de diferentes estratégias de manejo de irrigação no potencial de água na folha e em aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos das uvas do primeiro ciclo de produção da videira cv. Syrah/Paulsen 1103. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi gotejamento e a lâmina de água foi estimada com base na evapotranspiração da cultura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em 4 repetições e com 3 tratamentos: irrigação plena, realizada durante todo o ciclo de produção; a irrigação com déficit, onde a aplicação de água foi interrompida na fase fenológica de cacho fechado; e a irrigação com déficit controlado, onde a irrigação, também interrompida na fase de cacho fechado, foi eventualmente realizada após a interrupção, de acordo com o monitoramento da água no solo. A imposição de déficit hídrico às plantas favoreceu uma maior concentração de açúcares e a redução da acidez nos frutos, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade das uvas para vinificação.

Eficiência de utilização de nutrientes por cultivares de batata

The use of cultivars efficient in nutrient use is essential to increase yield and reduce production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate absorption and nutrients use efficiency on five potato cultivars. The experiment was conduced in Itaí, São Paulo State, Brazil, in winter cropping season of 2008 on Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split-plots and four replications. Plots comprised the five potato cultivars and subplots were established by sampling times, performed at planting and every seven days after emergence. At 97 DAP was calculated the nutrients use efficiency for dry matter production and at 122 DAP were calculated the nutrients use efficiency for fresh tuber and tuber dry matter yield. Mondial and Asterix cultivars showed greater dry matter production, higher fresh tubers yield and nutrients accumulation. Nutrients use efficiency for total dry matter and tubers dry matter, was similar among cultivars, but Ágata was more efficient in nutrients use efficiency for fresh tubers yield.

Genetic parameters for test-day milk yield, 305-day milk yield, and lactation length in Guzerat cows

Milk production in tropical environments requires the use of crossbreeding systems including breeds well adapted to harsh conditions, but with lower productivities when compared to specialized breeds. Besides the genetic improvement for milk production, lactation lengths also need to be studied for most of these breeds. Accordingly, genetic parameters were estimated for 305-day cumulative milk yield (MY305), test-day milk yield (TDMY), and lactation length (LL) using information from the first lactations of 2816 Guzerat cows selected for milk production in 28 herds in Brazil. Contemporary groups were defined as herd, year and season of the test for TDMY, and as herd, year and season of calving for MY305 and LL. Variance components were estimated with the restricted maximum likelihood method under a multi-trait animal model. Heritabilities estimated for TDMY ranged from 0.16 to 0.24, and were 0.24 and 0.12 for MY305 and LL, respectively. Genetic correlations were high and positive, ranging from 0.51 to 0.99 among TDMY records, from 0.81 to 0.98 between each TDMY and MY305, and from 0.71 to 0.94 between each TDMY and LL. Genetic parameters obtained in this study indicated the possibility of using test-day records for the prediction of breeding values for milk yield in this population of the Guzerat breed. The use of TDMY as selection criteria would result in indirect gains in MY305 and LL. However, the highest response to selection for MY305 would be obtained by direct selection for this trait. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Genetic associations among average annual productivity, growth traits, and stayability: A parallel between Nelore and composite beef cattle

This study was conducted to examine the relationship among average annual productivity of the cow (PRODAM), yearling weight (YW), postweaning BW gain (PWG), scrotal circumference (SC), and stayability in the herd for at least 6 yr (STAY) of Nelore and composite beef cattle. Measurements were taken on animals born between 1980 and 2010 on 70 farms located in 7 Brazilian states. Estimates of heritability and genetic and environmental correlations were obtained by Bayesian approach with 5-trait animal models. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing means of estimated breeding values by year of birth. The heritability estimates were between 0.14 and 0.47. Estimates of genetic correlation among female traits (PRODAM and STAY) and growth traits ranged from-0.02 to 0.30. Estimates of genetic correlations ranged from 0.23 to 0.94 among growth traits indicating that selection for these traits could be successful in tropical breeding programs. Genetic correlations among all traits were favorable and simultaneous selection for growth, productivity, and stayability is therefore possible. Genetic correlation between PRODAM and STAY was 0.99 and 0.85 for Nelore and composite cattle, respectively. Therefore, PRODAM and STAY might be influenced by many of the same genes. The inclusion of PRODAM instead of STAY as a selection criterion seems to be more advantageous for tropical breeding programs because the generation interval required to obtain accurate estimates of genetic merit for PRODAM is shorter. Average annual genetic changes were greater in Nelore than in composite cattle. This was not unexpected because the breeding program of composite cattle included a large number of farms, different production environments, and genetic level of the herds and breeds. Thus, the selection process has become more difficult in this population. © 2013 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Desenvolvimento corporal de novilhas leiteiras suplementadas com minerais inorgânicos e orgânicos em pastejo na época das águas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Risk factors for recurrent wheezing in infants

Introduction: wheezing is one of the most common respiratory symptoms in childhood. Regardless of the cause, it is a reason to seek medical care in emergency rooms, especially if there is recurrence of episodes. Very common in childhood, recurrent wheezing has its first episodes in the first year of life. We sought to examine the risk factors for recurrent wheezing in infants in the first year of life. Methods: this is a cross-sectional quantitative study in which a standardized questionnaire of the International Study of Wheezing in Infants, translated and validated in Brazil, consisting of objective questions, applied 40 mothers were enrolled in two Family Health units. Results: the risk factors found were: smoking during pregnancy, family history of asthma, rhinitis and allergic dermatitis, the presence of at least one pet in the home at the time of birth and age at first cold less than or equal to three months of life. No significant relationships were found between males and wheezing, exclusive breastfeeding or numbers of colds in the first year of life. Conclusion: our findings are different from those reported in the literature.

Uso do clorofilômetro portátil na determinação da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura em cultivares de feijoeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Composição química, bromatológica e decomposição de plantas de Egeria densa, Egeria najas e Ceratophyllum demersum coletadas no reservatório de Jupiá

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Exploração de fatores de risco na natação

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

Comunidade de aves em um remanescente florestal no Noroeste paulista: estrutura trófica, dinâmica e efeitos da sazonalidade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização da comunidade de microcrustáceos e avaliação de potenciais predadores vertebrados e invertebrados em dois reservatórios na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diversidade e estrutura de taxocenoses de anfíbios anuros em uma paisagem fragmentada no centro-oeste paulista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determinacion de los intervalos de nacimientos y sus medias; comentario sobre un articulo de D. Wolfers

Artículo de D. Wolfers "Determinants of birth intervals and their means" publicado en Population Studies, 22(2), July 1968