Sea Turtle Observations at Explosive Removals of Energy Structures

Observers were placed at offshore sites to monitor and protect sea turtles during explosive removals of oil and gas structures in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana and Texas. Data collected during more than 6,500 hours of monitoring at 106 structure removals in 1992 provided information on sea turtle distribution. Eighteen individuals were observed including 10 loggerheads, 2 leatherbacks, 1 hawksbill, and 5 unidentified sea turtles. The observation rate (individuals per monitoring hour) of sea turtles was about 30 times higher during aerial surveys than during day or night suiface surveys.

Pacific Hagfish, Eptatretus stouti, and Black Hagfish, E. deani: The Oregon Fishery and Port Sampling Observations, 1988-92

In 1988, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife began sampling and monitoring the development of a new fishery for Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti, and black hagfish, E. deani. Hagfish landings by Oregon trap vessels have ranged from 11,695 kg in 1988 to 340,774 kg in 1992. Whole frozen fish were shipped to South Korea for the "eel skin" leather market. From 1988 through 1989, I sampled 924 Pacific hagfish and 897 black hagfish from commercial and research catches. Mean length of fish sampled from commercial landings was 39.6 cmf or Pacific hagfish and 34.5 cm for black hagfish. Weight-length relationships (W=aLb) were calculated for males and females of both species. Fifty percent maturity for male and female Pacific hagfish was 35 cm and 42 cm, respectively, while 50% maturityf or male and female black hagfish was 34 cm and 38 cm, respectively. Examination of gonads for both species indicated that spawning either occurs throughout the year or the spawning period is protracted. Mature females of both species had from one to three distinct sizes of eggs, but they usually carried only one group of eggs over 5 mm in length. Mature Pacific hagfish females averaged 28 eggs over 5 mm in length, and black hagfish females averaged 14 eggs over 5 mm in length. Hermaphroditism was found in 0.2% of the Pacific hagfish examined.

Submersible Observations on Lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, Nesting Below 30 m off Sitka, Alaska

A research submersible was used to delineate the depth distribution of lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, nests (egg masses) below 30 m. Although nests were not seen deeper than 97 m, behavior and dark coloration distinctive of nest-guarding lingcod were seen as deep as 126 m. Males guarding nests were distinctly colored, i.e., dark with little or no mottling, and most were obviously scarred. Two types of guarding behaviors were observed: 1) Males lying directly on or beside the nest and remaining nearly motionless unless touched and 2) males lying on a sentry post and defending the nest when other fish swam close.

Diet of Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the Northwest Panhandle and Foraging Behavior Near Savannah, Georgia

The foraging ecology of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the Northwest Florida Panhandle and estuaries in northern Georgia was determined using diet analysis and behavioral surveys. Stomach content analysis was completed on bottlenose dolphins(N = 25) that stranded in the Northwest Florida Panhandle from November 2006 to March 2009. The most abundant prey species were spot Leiostomus xanthurus (20.4%), squid (10.9%), pinfish Lagodon rhombiodes (10.3%), and Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus (8.5%). Dolphins that stranded during months with a red tide Karenia brevis bloom consumed more pinfish, and spot; whereas dolphins that stranded in non-bloom months consumed more squid, Atlantic croaker, and silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura. Differences in diet were also identified for dolphins that stranded inside bays/sound and dolphin that stranded outside of bays along the coast, and male and female dolphins. Surveys were conducted from south of the Savannah River to north of Ossabaw Sound in Georgia where foraging behaviors were classified. Multivariate Generalized Additive Models were used to test correlations of behaviors to dolphin group size, depth, salinity, temperature, creek width, and tide. Sightings with headstands (p = 0.009), hard stops (p = 0.019), chasing (p = 0.004), mudbank whacking (p < 0.001), herding/circling (p = 0.024), and strand feeding (p = 0.006) were correlated with shallow water or small creeks. Sightings with kerplunking (p = 0.031), mudbank whacking (p = 0.001), strand feeding (p = 0.003), and herding/circling (p = 0.026) were significantly correlated with low tide. The results of the Savannah, Georgia study were the first to characterize foraging behaviors in this area and demonstrate how bottlenose dolphins utilize the salt marsh estuary in terms of foraging. Studies like these are important to determine how dolphins forage efficiently and to provide background information on diet and foraging behavior for use in monitoring future impacts to dolphins in the Northwest Florida Panhandle and near Savannah, Georgia.

A Dança dos Orixás e suas Representações Sociais nos Candomblés Nagô

A presente tese tem como objetivo central a identificação e análise das representações sociais dos Orixás, a partir do compartilhamento social ocorrido em relação à dança dos Orixás nos ritos e nas festas de candomblé. O candomblé é uma religião de matriz africana, instituída no Brasil a partir da escravidão e tem com um de seus elementos centrais de sua estrutura teológica ritos e festas onde ocorrem incorporações ou transes de adeptos. Nestas festas e ritos, o transe se manifesta através das danças dos Orixás, onde o adepto desta prática religiosa ao incorporar o Orixá dança com as palavras cantadas e ao som da orquestra de atabaque. A metodologia utilizada foi a da observação sistemática, uma derivação do método etnográfico clássico aplicado à psicologia social. Foram observados 10 terreiros de candomblé de rito Keto na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, em um período que se estendeu de antes da festa, durante a festa e o rito e o pós-festa. As observações foram categorizada de acordo com os objetivos desta tese sob duas grande categorias classificatórias: a estética e o movimento. As observações foram reduzidas a identificação do compartilhamento social existente sobre a dança dos Orixás entre os adeptos do candomblé e que participaram das festas e dos ritos. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados foram a teoria das representações sociais, assim como foi desenvolvida por Moscovici e Jodelet, e os estudos antropológicos brasileiros sobre o candomblé. O candomblé é uma religião que tem muitos interditos relacionados ao compartilhamento e a exposição dos ritos e fundamentos religiosos. A dança dos Orixás constituiu um objeto privilegiado para a identificação das representações sociais porque permite o compartilhamento social explícito no comentário estético que os adeptos daquela religião são permitidos a fazer. Estes comentários estéticos, apesar de condensados e lacônicos, são elementos centrais para a identificação do Orixá e para o estabelecimento de modos de vida, de códigos hermenêuticos e de relacionamento interpessoal na comunidade de candomblé. As observações foram discriminadas e analisadas e chegou-se a conclusão de que a dança dos Orixás é um processo central para a constituição de representações sociais sobre os Orixás porque permite o compartilhamento social que não transgride o segredo e o interdito. As representações do Orixá estão diretamente vinculadas ao conceito de que há uma transmutação do sujeito da vigília na incorporação e que este fenômeno é o indicador objetivo de que na incorporação há Orixá e que aquele sujeito da vigília não permanece