Un modelo para la obtención del PIB trimestral de las entidades federativas de la República Mexicana: aplicación del método de Chow-Lin

La ciencia económica ha tratado de encontrar herramientas que permitan pronosticar variables relevantes tales como producción, inversión, consumo, etc. con la mayor precisión posible; es decir, se ha buscado anticipar el comportamiento de aquellas variables que tienen relevancia para la toma de decisiones de los agentes económicos (empresas, gobierno y hogares). Pensar en realizar un pronóstico del Producto Interno Bruto en nuestro país implica un alto grado de dificultad, pues depende de variables macroeconómicas internas y externas, y más complicado aún si se intenta estimar un modelo del PIB a nivel de entidades federativas.

Exact solutions for the agricultural and the two-dimensional packing problems

Objectives and study method: The objective of this study is to develop exact algorithms that can be used as management tools for the agricultural production planning and to obtain exact solutions for two of the most well known twodimensional packing problems: the strip packing problem and the bin packing problem. For the agricultural production planning problem we propose a new hierarchical scheme of three stages to improve the current agricultural practices. The objective of the first stage is to delineate rectangular and homogeneous management zones into the farmer’s plots considering the physical and chemical soil properties. This is an important task because the soil properties directly affect the agricultural production planning. The methodology for this stage is based on a new method called “Positions and Covering” that first generates all the possible positions in which the plot can be delineated. Then, we use a mathematical model of linear programming to obtain the optimal physical and chemical management zone delineation of the plot. In the second stage the objective is to determine the optimal crop pattern that maximizes the farmer’s profit taken into account the previous management zones delineation. In this case, the crop pattern is affected by both management zones delineation, physical and chemical. A mixed integer linear programming is used to solve this stage. The objective of the last stage is to determine in real-time the amount of water to irrigate in each crop. This stage takes as input the solution of the crop planning stage, the atmospheric conditions (temperature, radiation, etc.), the humidity level in plots, and the physical management zones of plots, just to name a few. This procedure is made in real-time during each irrigation period. A linear programming is used to solve this problem. A breakthrough happen when we realize that we could propose some adaptations of the P&C methodology to obtain optimal solutions for the two-dimensional packing problem and the strip packing. We empirically show that our methodologies are efficient on instances based on real data for both problems: agricultural and two-dimensional packing problems. Contributions and conclusions: The exact algorithms showed in this study can be used in the making-decision support for agricultural planning and twodimensional packing problems. For the agricultural planning problem, we show that the implementation of the new hierarchical approach can improve the farmer profit between 5.27% until 8.21% through the optimization of the natural resources. An important characteristic of this problem is that the soil properties (physical and chemical) and the real-time factors (climate, humidity level, evapotranspiration, etc.) are incorporated. With respect to the two-dimensional packing problems, one of the main contributions of this study is the fact that we have demonstrate that many of the best solutions founded in literature by others approaches (heuristics approaches) are the optimal solutions. This is very important because some of these solutions were up to now not guarantee to be the optimal solutions.

Dentistry and HIV/AIDS related stigma

OBJECTIVE To analyze HIV/AIDS positive individual’s perception and attitudes regarding dental services.METHODS One hundred and thirty-four subjects (30.0% of women and 70.0% of men) from Nuevo León, Mexico, took part in the study (2014). They filled out structured, analytical, self-administered, anonymous questionnaires. Besides the sociodemographic variables, the perception regarding public and private dental services and related professionals was evaluated, as well as the perceived stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, through a Likert-type scale. The statistical evaluation included a factorial and a non-hierarchical cluster analysis.RESULTS Social inequalities were found regarding the search for public and private dental professionals and services. Most subjects reported omitting their HIV serodiagnosis and agreed that dentists must be trained and qualified to treat patients with HIV/AIDS. The factorial analysis revealed two elements: experiences of stigma and discrimination in dental appointments and feelings of concern regarding the attitudes of professionals or their teams concerning patients’ HIV serodiagnosis. The cluster analysis identified three groups: users who have not experienced stigma or discrimination (85.0%); the ones who have not had those experiences, but feel somewhat concerned (12.7%); and the ones who underwent stigma and discrimination and feel concerned (2.3%).CONCLUSIONS We observed a low percentage of stigma and discrimination in dental appointments; however, most HIV/AIDS patients do not reveal their serodiagnosis to dentists out of fear of being rejected. Such fact implies a workplace hazard to dental professionals, but especially to the very own health of HIV/AIDS patients, as dentists will not be able to provide them a proper clinical and pharmaceutical treatment.

Un Taller de grabado sostenible

Ponència presentada al "Encuentro internacional de grabado no tóxico", 2009, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México

Evaluación de los instrumentos de selección de estudiantes para el ingreso en la Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidaden Producción y Calidad) UANL

Estudio de contrastación entre la demanda del entorno laboral y la currícula de la materia de recurso humano en el área de psicología laboral

Tesis (Maestría en Psicología Laboral) UANL

La toma de decisiones de la pareja en el programa de planificación familiar : estudio de campo realizado en la colonia Lázaro Cárdenas,Cadereyta Jiménez, N.L.

Tesis (Maestría en Enfermería con Esp. en Salud Comunitaria) UANL

Efecto de las condiciones superficiales del pavimento, en la capacidad vial de las carreteras multicarriles.

Tesis (Maestría en Ingeniería de Transito) UANL

Estrategias empleadas por las unidades domésticas para aumentar el ingreso y disminuir el gasto durante la crisis económica de 1995 : estudio comparativo entre dos colonias de diferente estrato social.

Tesis (Maestría en Trabajo Social) UANL

Perfil sociodemográfico y estrategias de reproducción de la población migrante en dos comunidades pobres : el caso de Malvinas y Santa Lucía.

Tesis (Maestría en Trabajo Social) UANL

Los recursos humanos y los servicios de las bibliotecas universitarias : el bibliotecario y algunos servicios de las bibliotecas de las facultades de la U.A.N.L.

Tesis (Maestría en Bibliotecología) UANL

Metodología del diseño de un sistema de información documental

Tesis (Maestría en Metodología de la Ciencia) UANL

Evaluación educativa y propuesta fundamentadas en derecho, realizadas mediante la aplicación del método cientifico general

Tesis (Maestría en Enseñanza Superior) UANL

Uso actual y potencial de la vegetación de Mina, N.L., un estudio biométrico de las fibras vegetales, su desarrollo, estructura y productividad

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Botánica) UANL