Uuteen tietojärjestelmään siirtymisen vaikutukset

Johtavana ideana on tutkia, kuinka uusi tietojärjestelmään vaikuttaa varastointiyritykseen. Muutoksia on tutkittu niin käytännön kuin tietojärjestelmätasolla. Ongelmia ja niiden ratkaisuja on tutkittu molempien osalta erikseen. Uuteen järjestelmään siirtymisessä oli kaksi eri vaihetta. Tavoitteena on myös antaa kokonaiskuva varastonhallinnasta. Ensimmäisen käyttöönoton osalta tällä tutkielmalla oli 3kolme eri tehtävää: testata, kouluttaa ja tutkia käyttöönoton onnistumista. Tästä osiosta oli tuloksena mm. vastaanottohenkilöstön SAP-R3 käyttöohje ja vastaanottohenkilöstön koulutus. Testauksen tarkoituksena oli käyttöönoton ongelmien ennaltaehkäisy. Koulutuksen tavoitteena oli kouluttaa vastaanottohenkilöstö käyttämään R3:a siltä osin kun he sitä tarvitsevat. Tämä vaihe ei edellyttänyt vielä kerääjien koulutusta, koska heitä muutokset eivät vielä koskeneet. Työnjohto koulutettiin jo etukäteen.Toisen käyttöönoton osalta tehtäviä oli kaksi: tutkia käyttöönoton onnistumista ja tutkia, jäikö käyttöönoton jäljiltä vielä ongelmia. Lisäksi tutkielman tekijä oli mukana kouluttamassa keräilijöitä. Tämä työ on myös käyttöönottoprojektin yhteenveto. Ongelmia kappaleessa on esitetty puutteita toiminnassa ja tietojärjestelmässä. Lisäksi kappaleessa on ratkaisuehdotukset näihin pulmiin. Teoria osassa kerrotaan varastonhallinnan käytännön taustalla olevat teoriat.

Regional Data Transmission Network

The globalization and development of an information society promptly change shape of the modern world. Cities and especially megacities including Saint-Petersburg are in the center of occuring changes. As a result of these changes the economic activities connected to reception and processing of the information now play very important role in economy of megacities what allows to characterize them as "information". Despite of wide experience in decision of information questions Russia, and in particular Saint-Petersburg, lag behind in development of information systems from the advanced European countries. The given master's thesis is devoted to development of an information system (data transmission network) on the basis of wireless technology in territory of Saint-Petersburg region within the framework of FTOP "Electronic Russia" and RTOP "Electronic Saint-Petersburg" programs. Logically the master's thesis can be divided into 3 parts: 1. The problems, purposes, expected results, terms and implementation of the "Electronic Russia" program. 2. Discussion about wireless data transmission networks (description of technology, substantiation of choice, description of signal's transmission techniques and types of network topology). 3. Fulfillment of the network (organization of central network node, regional centers, access lines, description of used equipment, network's capabilities), financial provision of the project, possible network management models.

Value and Prices in Russian Economic Thought: A journey inside the Russian Synthesis, 1890-1920

This book explores Russian synthesis that occurred in Russian economic thought between 1890 and 1920. This includes all the attempts at synthesis between classical political economy and marginalism; the labour theory of value and marginal utility; and value and prices. The various ways in which Russian economists have approached these issues have generally been addressed in a piecemeal fashion in history of economic thought literature. This book returns to the primary sources in the Russian language, translating many into English for the first time, and offers the first comprehensive history of the Russian synthesis. The book first examines the origins of the Russian synthesis by determining the condition of reception in Russia of the various theories of value involved: the classical theories of value of Ricardo and Marx on one side; the marginalist theories of prices of Menger, Walras and Jevons on the other. It then reconstructs the three generations of the Russian synthesis: the first (Tugan-Baranovsky), the second, the mathematicians (Dmitriev, Bortkiewicz, Shaposhnikov, Slutsky, etc.) and the last (Yurovsky), with an emphasis on Tugan-Baranovsky's initial impetus. This volume is suitable for those studying economic theory and philosophy as well as those interested in the history of economic thought.

Romanisation et vie quotidienne : le petiti mobilier de type italique en Gaule interne : (IIe s. av. J.-C.-Ier s. ap. J.-C.)

Durant les deux derniers siècles avant notre ère, des objets de type italique, c'est-à-dire caractérisant la culture matérielle de l'Italie tardo-républicaine apparaissent progressivement en Gaule. L'identification de ces objets du quotidien et leur analyse typologique et contextuelle permettent une approche renouvelée du phénomène de romanisation de la Gaule. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en exergue les modalités chronologiques, spatiales et culturelles de la diffusion de ce type de mobilier. La confrontation des résultats avec les données issues des études céramologiques et architecturales permet de brosser un tableau affiné du processus d'acculturation. La nature des sites, ainsi que la diversité des types d'objets considérés permettent de souligner la variété des comportements des populations locales face à la réception de ces mobiliers exogènes. Que ce soit dans le commerce ou en intégrant l'armée romaine, les élites locales ont joué un rôle majeur au sein des interactions avec l'Italie, de la diffusion de ces objets et de l'intégration des nouveaux modèles italiques. -- For the last two centuries before our era, italic type objects, which means objects that are characterizing the material culture of Tardo-republican Italia, are progressively appearing in Gaul. The identification of these everyday objects and their typological and contextual analysis allow a renewed approach of the Gaul romanization phenomenon. The objective of this thesis is to highlight, the chronological, spatial and cultural modalities of the diffusion of such furniture. The comparison of the results with the data provided by the ceramological and architectural studies allows to improve the description of the acculturation process.The behavioral diversity towards the reception of exogenous furniture is underlined by the nature of the sites and the diversity of the considered objects. Local elites, whether by participating in commercial exchanges or by joining the army, have played a major role in the interactions with Italia, from the diffusion of these objects to the integration of the new italic models.

Hakevirrasta otettavan näytteen luotettavuus ja näytteenottimen kehittäminen

Työn tavoitteena oli saada tietoa yleisesti partikkelivirtauksessa tapahtuvasta näytteenotosta ja näytteenottomenetelmistä. Työssä tutkittiin UPM-Kymmenen Kaukaan tehtaan nykyisen ostohakkeen automaattisen näytteenottimen toimintaa sekä sen ottamien näytteiden luotettavuutta kokeellisesti ja tilastollisesti. Lopuksi tutkimuksessa ideoitiin uusi näytteenottimen konstruktio. Uuden konstruktion suunnittelun lähtökohtana oli, että näytteenottimen konstruktiolla tulisi voida ottaa toistuvasti ja turvallisesti luotettavia hakenäytteitä aiheuttamatta muulle vastaanottoaseman toiminnalle häiriöitä Tutkimusta varten tehtiin eri haketoimittajien kanssa koenäytteenottoja. Hakenäytteet otettiin kolmessa eri haketoimituksen vaiheessa niiden keskinäistä vertailua varten. Hakenäytteistä määritettiin kuiva-ainepitoisuus ja laatuanalyysin tekoa varten palakokojakauma koeseulonnoilla. Palakokojakauma-analyysistä saatuja jakaumapainoprosenttiosuuksien ja niistä laskettujen laatuarvojen pohjalta tutkittiin automaattisen näytteenottimen ottaman näytteen luotettavuutta ja näytteenottimen toimintaa. Konstruointityössä noudatettiin pääpiirteittäin ohjeistoa VDI 2221. Uuden näytteenottimen suunnittelutyön tavoitteet määriteltiin tutkimuksessa tehtyjen päätelmien ja kokeiden pohjalta. Uudelle näytteenottimen konstruktiolle etsittiin toteutuskelpoisia ratkaisuja jo olemassa olevista laitteistoista ja uusista ideoista. Uudet konstruktiovaihtoehdot suunniteltiin noudattamaan näytteenottoteoriaa ja sijoituspaikan asettamia vaatimuksia.

Technical Aspects of Internet-Shopping, Comparative study in Finland/Russia

Isot ja keskikokoiset yritykset harkitsevat sähköistä kaupankäyntiä Internetissä, Internet - kauppojen muodossa. Organisaatiot pyrkivät kilpailukykyiseen ja moderniin tyyliin kaupankäynnissä sekä yrityksen eri prosessien automatisointiin. Yrityksen on onnistuttava uusimpien tekniikoiden ja työkalujen omaksumisessa kilpailukykynsä parantamiseksi. Sähköinen kaupankäynti on suhteellisen uusi tekniikka, joka mahdollistaa kaupankäynnin esittämisen uudessa, sähköisessä muodossa. Tämä työ sisältää katsauksen yrityksen mahdollisiin sähköisen kaupankäynnin eri muotoihin. Työ sisältää mahdollisia ratkaisuja Internet-kaupan rakentamiseen, sähköisen kaupankäynnin hallintaan sekä erityyppisten Internet- kauppojen kuvauksia. Sähköisen kaupankäynnin ongelmat ovat myös tarkastelussa. Välttämättömät asiat sähköisen kaupankäynnin perustamiseksi on lueteltu. Työn kokeellinen osuus sisältää vertailututkimusta sähköisen kaupankäynnin muodoista Suomessa ja Venäjällä. Sähköisen kaupankäynnin ongelmat, niiden mahdolliset ratkaisut, eroavaisuudet sekä samankaltaisuudet molempien maiden välillä on esitetty tässä työssä. Työssä on arvioitu Internet-kaupan kehittämistä sekä edistämistä esimerkein. Tutkimuksen tulokset on esitetty.

Les traduccions al català de Marguerite Yourcenar: edicions i recepció crítica

Dins el marc d’un projecte més ampli que vol abastar l’anàlisi de les traduccions d’obres literàries escrites per dones, l'objectiu d’aquest article és establir l’estat de la qüestió de les traduccions al català de l’obra de Marguerite Yourcenar i oferir una primera aproximació a la recepció crítica que aquestes traduccions han tingut a la premsa catalana. Per això hem ordenat l’estudi en tres apartats: a) cronologia de les traduccions de Yourcenar al català; b) referències bibliogràfiques de les obres de Marguerite Yourcenar traduïdes al català i/o al castellà; c) recepció de les traduccions catalanes de Yourcenar a la premsa de Catalunya.

La ciutat de les dames i Terra d’elles: dues utopies feministes en català

Elizabeth Russell sosté que les utopies escrites per dones són més transgressores «perquè desconstrueixen el concepte de perfecció» (2007: 21). En aquesta línia de crítica social i necessitat de reformes, quant al gènere femení, neixen, amb cinc segles de diferència, les dues obres estudiades aquí, Le livre de la cité des dames (1405), de Christine de Pisan, i Herland (1915), de Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Amb notables excepcions com La mística de la feminitat (1965), de Betty Friedan, i El segon sexe (1968), de Simone de Beauvoir, a casa nostra els discursos androcèntrics es ben cuidaren de negar l’entrada d’aires subversius que, per raons òbvies, poguessin esverar aquell àngel de la llar amansit i silenciat, per dir-ho a la manera woolfiana. Charlotte Perkins Gilman arribà per primera vegada a Catalunya i a la península ibèrica el 1982 amb la traducció al català de Montserrat Abelló per a l’editorial La Sal d’El paper de paret groc. En els mateixos anys vuitanta i per a la mateixa editorial Helena Valentí traduí al castellà El país de ellas (1987), obra que el 2002 traslladà al català Jordi Vidal Tubau en una edició a cura d’Eulàlia Lledó que porta per títol Terra d’elles. Poc després, el 1990, La ciutat de les dames, de Christine de Pisan, es pogué llegir en llengua catalana amb una edició i traducció de Mercè Otero per a la col·lecció «Espai de Dones» d’Edicions de l’Eixample. Aquest article presenta la recepció a Catalunya de dos clàssics del gènere de les utopies feministes, La ciutat de les dames (1990), de Christine de Pisan, i Terra d’elles (2002), de Charlotte Perkins Gilman, amb notes sobre la seva difusió al castellà i al gallec.

Deep radio images of the HEGRA and Whipple TeV sources in the Cygnus OB2 region.

The modern generation of Cherenkov telescopes has revealed a new population of gamma-ray sources in the Galaxy. Some of them have been identified with previously known X-ray binary systems while other remain without clear counterparts a lower energies. Our initial goal here was reporting on extensive radio observations of the first extended and yet unidentified source, namely TeV J2032+4130. This object was originally detected by the HEGRA telescope in the direction of the Cygnus OB2 region and its nature has been a matter of debate during the latest years. The situation has become more complex with the Whipple and MILAGRO telescopes new TeV detections in the same field which could be consistent with the historic HEGRA source, although a different origin cannot be ruled out. Aims.We aim to pursue our radio exploration of the TeV J2032+4130 position that we initiated in a previous paper but taking now into account the latest results from new Whipple and MILAGRO TeV telescopes. The data presented here are an extended follow up of our previous work. Methods.Our investigation is mostly based on interferometric radio observations with the Giant Metre Wave Radio Telescope (GMRT) close to Pune (India) and the Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico (USA). We also conducted near infrared observations with the 3.5 m telescope and the OMEGA2000 camera at the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán (CAHA) in Almería (Spain). Results.We present deep radio maps centered on the TeV J2032+4130 position at different wavelengths. In particular, our 49 and 20 cm maps cover a field of view larger than half a degree that fully includes the Whipple position and the peak of MILAGRO emission. Our most important result here is a catalogue of 153 radio sources detected at 49 cm within the GMRT antennae primary beam with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 43 arc-minute. Among them, peculiar sources inside the Whipple error ellipse are discussed in detail, including a likely double-double radio galaxy and a one-sided jet source of possible blazar nature. This last object adds another alternative counterpart possibility to be considered for both the HEGRA, Whipple and MILAGRO emission. Moreover, our multi-configuration VLA images reveal the non-thermal extended emission previously reported by us with improved angular resolution. Its non-thermal spectral index is also confirmed thanks to matching beam observations at the 20 and 6 cm wavelengths.

MAGIC TeV Gamma-Ray Observations of Markarian 421 during Multiwavelength Campaigns in 2006

Wide-range spectral coverage of blazar-type active galactic nuclei is of paramount importance for understanding the particle acceleration mechanisms assumed to take place in their jets. The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cerenkov (MAGIC) telescope participated in three multiwavelength (MWL) campaigns, observing the blazar Markarian (Mkn) 421 during the nights of April 28 and 29, 2006, and June 14, 2006. Aims. We analyzed the corresponding MAGIC very-high energy observations during 9 nights from April 22 to 30, 2006 and on June 14, 2006. We inferred light curves with sub-day resolution and night-by-night energy spectra. Methods. MAGIC detects γ-rays by observing extended air showers in the atmosphere. The obtained air-shower images were analyzed using the standard MAGIC analysis chain. Results. A strong γ-ray signal was detected from Mkn 421 on all observation nights. The flux (E > 250 GeV) varied on night-by-night basis between (0.92±0.11) × 10-10 cm-2 s-1 (0.57 Crab units) and (3.21±0.15) × 10-10 cm-2 s-1 (2.0 Crab units) in April 2006. There is a clear indication for intra-night variability with a doubling time of 36± min on the night of April 29, 2006, establishing once more rapid flux variability for this object. For all individual nights γ-ray spectra could be inferred, with power-law indices ranging from 1.66 to 2.47. We did not find statistically significant correlations between the spectral index and the flux state for individual nights. During the June 2006 campaign, a flux substantially lower than the one measured by the Whipple 10-m telescope four days later was found. Using a log-parabolic power law fit we deduced for some data sets the location of the spectral peak in the very-high energy regime. Our results confirm the indications of rising peak energy with increasing flux, as expected in leptonic acceleration models.

Discovery of a High-Energy Gamma-Ray-Emitting Persistent Microquasar

Microquasars are stellar x-ray binaries that behave as a scaled down version of extragalactic quasars. The star LS 5039 is a new microquasar system with apparent persistent ejection of relativistic plasma at a 3 kiloparsec distance from the sun. It may also be associated with a gamma-ray source discovered by the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on board the COMPTON-Gamma Ray Observatory satellite. Before the discovery of LS 5039, merely a handful of microquasars had been identified in the Galaxy, and none of them was detected in high-energy gamma-rays.

Deep GMRT radio observations and a multi-wavelength study of the region around HESS J1858+020

Context. There are a number of very high energy sources in the Galaxy that remain unidentified. Multi-wavelength and variability studies, and catalogue searches, are powerful tools to identify the physical counterpart, given the uncertainty in the source location and extension. Aims. This work carries out a thorough multi-wavelength study of the unidentified, very high energy source HESS J1858+020 and its environs. Methods. We have performed Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations at 610 MHz and 1.4 GHz to obtain a deep, low-frequency radio image of the region surrounding HESS J1858+020. We analysed archival radio, infrared, and X-ray data as well. This observational information, combined with molecular data, catalogue sources, and a nearby Fermi gamma-ray detection of unidentified origin, are combined to explore possible counterparts to the very high energy source. Results. We provide with a deep radio image of a supernova remnant that might be related to the GeV and TeV emission in the region. We confirm the presence of an H ii region next to the supernova remnant and coincident with molecular emission. A potential region of star formation is also identified. We identify several radio and X-ray sources in the surroundings. Some of these sources are known planetary nebulae, whereas others may be non-thermal extended emitters and embedded young stellar objects. Three old, background Galactic pulsars also neighbour HESS J1858+020 along the line of sight. Conclusions. The region surrounding HESS J1858+020 is rich in molecular structures and non-thermal objects that may potentially be linked to this unidentified very high energy source. In particular, a supernova remnant interacting with nearby molecular clouds may be a good candidate, but a star forming region, or a non-thermal radio source of yet unclear nature, may also be behind the gamma-ray source. The neighbouring pulsars, despite being old and distant, cannot be discarded as candidates. Further observational studies are needed, however, to narrow the search for a counterpart to the HESS source.

Radio continuum and near-infrared study of the MGRO J2019+37 region

MGRO J2019+37 is an unidentified extended source of very high energy gamma-rays originally reported by the Milagro Collaboration as the brightest TeV source in the Cygnus region. Its extended emission could be powered by either a single or several sources. The GeV pulsar AGL J2020.5+3653 , discovered by AGILE and associated with PSR J2021+3651 , could contribute to the emission from MGRO J2019+37 . Aims. Our aim is to identify radio and near-infrared sources in the field of the extended TeV source MGRO J2019+37 , and study potential counterparts to explain its emission. Methods. We surveyed a region of about 6 square degrees with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at the frequency 610 MHz. We also observed the central square degree of this survey in the near-infrared -band using the 3.5 m telescope in Calar Alto. Archival X-ray observations of some specific fields are included. VLBI observations of an interesting radio source were performed. We explored possible scenarios to produce the multi-TeV emission from MGRO J2019+37 and studied which of the sources could be the main particle accelerator. Results. We present a catalogue of 362 radio sources detected with the GMRT in the field of MGRO J2019+37 , and the results of a cross-correlation of this catalog with one obtained at near-infrared wavelengths, which contains ~3105 sources, as well as with available X-ray observations of the region. Some peculiar sources inside the ~1° uncertainty region of the TeV emission from MGRO J2019+37 are discussed in detail, including the pulsar PSR J2021+3651 and its pulsar wind nebula PWN G75.2+0.1 , two new radio-jet sources, the H II region Sh 2-104 containing two star clusters, and the radio source NVSS J202032+363158 . We also find that the hadronic scenario is the most likely in case of a single accelerator, and discuss the possible contribution from the sources mentioned above. Conclusions. Although the radio and GeV pulsar PSR J2021+3651 / AGL J2020.5+3653 and its associated pulsar wind nebula PWN G75.2+0.1 can contribute to the emission from MGRO J2019+37 , extrapolation of the GeV spectrum does not explain the detected multi-TeV flux. Other sources discussed here could contribute to the emission of the Milagro source.

Observation of Pulsed γ-Rays Above 25 GeV from the Crab Pulsar with MAGIC

One fundamental question about pulsars concerns the mechanism of their pulsed electromagnetic emission. Measuring the high-end region of a pulsar's spectrum would shed light on this question. By developing a new electronic trigger, we lowered the threshold of the Major Atmospheric γ-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescope to 25 giga-electron volts. In this configuration, we detected pulsed γ-rays from the Crab pulsar that were greater than 25 giga-electron volts, revealing a relatively high cutoff energy in the phase-averaged spectrum. This indicates that the emission occurs far out in the magnetosphere, hence excluding the polar-cap scenario as a possible explanation of our measurement. The high cutoff energy also challenges the slot-gap scenario.

Massive protostars as gamma-ray sources.

Massive protostars have associated bipolar outflows with velocities of hundreds of km s-1. Such outflows can produce strong shocks when they interact with the ambient medium leading to regions of nonthermal radio emission. Aims. We aim at exploring under which conditions relativistic particles are accelerated at the terminal shocks of the protostellar jets and whether they can produce significant gamma-ray emission. Methods. We estimate the conditions necessary for particle acceleration up to very high energies and gamma-ray production in the nonthermal hot spots of jets associated with massive protostars embedded in dense molecular clouds. Results. We show that relativistic bremsstrahlung and proton-proton collisions can make molecular clouds with massive young stellar objects detectable by the Fermi satellite at MeV-GeV energies and by Cherenkov telescope arrays in the GeV-TeV range. Conclusions. Gamma-ray astronomy can be used to probe the physical conditions in star-forming regions and particle acceleration processes in the complex environment of massive molecular clouds.