Ric-8B interacts with G alpha olf and G gamma 13 and co-localizes with G alpha olf, G beta 1 and G gamma 13 in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons

Olfactory sensory neurons are able to detect odorants with high sensitivity and specificity. We have demonstrated that Ric-8B, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), interacts with G alpha olf and enhances odorant receptor signaling. Here we show that Ric-8B also interacts with G gamma 13, a divergent member of the G gamma subunit family which has been implicated in taste signal transduction, and is abundantly expressed in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons. We show that G beta 1 is the predominant GP subunit expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons. Ric-8B and G beta 1, like G alpha olf and G gamma 13, are enriched in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons. We also show that Ric-8B interacts with G alpha olf in a nucleotide dependent manner, consistent with the role as a GEF. Our results constitute the first example of a GEF protein that interacts with two different olfactory G protein subunits and further implicate Ric-8B as a regulator of odorant signal transduction. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of gamma radiation on the photoluminescence properties of polycarbonate matrices doped with terbium complex

Luminescent films containing terbium complex [Tb(acac)(3)(H(2)O)(3)] (acac = acetylacetonate) doped into a polycarbonate (PC) matrix were prepared and irradiated at low-dose gamma radiation with ratio of 5 and 10 kGy. The PC polymer was doped with 5% (w/w) of the Tb(3+) complex. The thermal behavior was investigated by utilization of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Changes in thermal stability due to the addition of doping agent into the polycarbonate matrix. Based on the emission spectra of PC:5% Tb(acac)(3) film were observed the characteristic bands arising from the (5)D(4) -> (7)F(J) transitions of Tb(3+) ion (J = 0-6), indicating the ability to obtain the luminescent films. Doped samples irradiated at low dose of gamma irradiation showed a decrease in luminescence intensity with increasing of the dose. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A large-scale synthesis of enantiomerically pure gamma-hydroxy-organochalcogenides

Enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-gamma-hydroxy-organochalcogenides are prepared using poly-[R]-3-hydroxybutanoate (PHB) as the starting material. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functionalized organozincates and organocuprates derived from gamma-hydroxytellurides in the preparation of 1,4-hydroxyketones

A C-O-dianionic zincate was generated by a Te/Li exchange reaction of an alkyltelluride, followed by Li/Zn transmetallation and reaction with methyllithium. The reaction between the enantiomerically pure (99% ee) (R)-dianionic zincate and benzoyl chloride led to 3-hydroxy-1-phenyl pentanone with total retention of the carbon configuration (99% ee). Similar results were obtained using the corresponding Lipshutz cyanocuprates. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tellurium in organic synthesis: a new approach to trisubstituted gamma-butyrolactones with trans-trans relative stereochemistry. Total enantioselective synthesis of (-)-Blastmycinolactol, (+)-Blastmycinone, (-)-NFX-2, and (+)-Antimycinone

The total synthesis of (-)-Blastmycinolactol, (+)-Blastmycinone, (-)-NFX-2, and (+)-Antimycinone was accomplished in few steps in high yields and ee, starting from enantiomerically enriched (S)-Z-vinylic hydroxytellurides. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors transduce signals for neurite outgrowth after binding of the prion protein to laminin gamma 1 chain

The prion protein (PrP(C)) is highly expressed in the nervous system, and its abnormal conformer is associated with prion diseases. PrP(C) is anchored to cell membranes by glycosylphosphatidylinositol, and transmembrane proteins are likely required for PrP(C)-mediated intracellular signaling. Binding of laminin (Ln) to PrP(C) modulates neuronal plasticity and memory. We addressed signaling pathways triggered by PrP(C)-Ln interaction in order to identify transmembrane proteins involved in the transduction of PrP(C)-Ln signals. The Ln gamma 1-chain peptide, which contains the Ln binding site for PrP(C), induced neuritogenesis through activation of phospholipase C (PLC), Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular stores, and protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation in primary cultures of neurons from wild-type, but not PrP(C)-null mice. Phage display, coimmunoprecipitation, and colocalization experiments showed that group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) associate with PrP(C). Expression of either mGluR1 or mGluR5 in HEK293 cells reconstituted the signaling pathways mediated by PrP(C)-Ln gamma 1 peptide interaction. Specific inhibitors of these receptors impaired PrP(C)-Ln gamma 1 peptide-induced signaling and neuritogenesis. These data show that group I mGluRs are involved in the transduction of cellular signals triggered by PrP(C)-Ln, and they support the notion that PrP(C) participates in the assembly of multiprotein complexes with physiological functions on neurons.-Beraldo, F. H., Arantes, C. P., Santos, T. G., Machado, C. F., Roffe, M., Hajj, G. N., Lee, K. S., Magalhaes, A. C., Caetano, F. A., Mancini, G. L., Lopes, M. H., Americo, T. A., Magdesian, M. H., Ferguson, S. S. G., Linden, R., Prado, M. A. M., Martins, V. R. Metabotropic glutamate receptors trans-duce signals for neurite outgrowth after binding of the prion protein to laminin gamma 1 chain. FASEB J. 25, 265-279 (2011). www.fasebj.org

Co catalysts supported on SiO(2) and gamma-Al(2)O(3) applied to ethanol steam reforming: Effect of the solvent used in the catalyst preparation method

Cobalt catalysts were prepared on supports of SiO(2) and gamma-Al(2)O(3) by the impregnation method, using a solution of Co precursor in methanol. The samples were characterized by XRD, TPR, and Raman spectroscopy and tested in ethanol steam reforming. According to the XRD results, impregnation with the methanolic solution led to smaller metal crystallites than with aqueous solution, on the SiO(2) support. On gamma-Al(2)O(3), all the samples exhibited small crystallites, with either solvent, due to a higher Co-support interaction that inhibits the reduction of Co species. The TPR results were consistent with XRD results and the samples supported on gamma-Al(2)O(3) showed a lower degree of reduction. In the steam reforming of ethanol, catalysts supported on SiO(2) and prepared with the methanolic solution showed the best H(2), CO(2) and CO selectivity. Those supported on gamma-Al(2)O(3) showed lower H(2) selectivity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Degradation of alachlor herbicide by gamma radiation from cobalt-60 in aqueous and alcohol solution

Alachlor has been widely used in agriculture all over the world. It is suggested that it may be a carcinogen and an environmental estrogen. The aim of this work was to verify the degradation the alachlor by gamma radiation. Gamma radiation from (60)Co was used to degrade the alachlor herbicide in water and methanol solution. The alachlor in water and alcohol solution in the concentration of 100 mgL(-1) was irradiated with doses of 0.25-50 kGy, at dose rate 5-6 and 2.7 kGyh(-1). High performance liquid chromatography was used as an analytical technique to determine the degradation rate of herbicide studied.

Efeito das prostaglandinas ciclopentenônicas sobre a expressão gênica do fator nuclear PPAR-γ, do receptor de scavenger CD36 e proteínas de apoptose em macrófagos : implicações para a fisiopatologia da aterosclerose

Considerando que as doenças cardiovasculares representam a maior causa de mortalidade e morbidade em países ocidentais, a aterosclerose se destaca pelo fato de predispor os pacientes ao infarto do miocárdio, a acidentes vasculares cerebrais e a doenças vasculares periféricas. Neste contexto, a oxidação de lipoproteínas do plasma, particularmente LDL, é um dos fatores de risco para eventos cardiovasculares, pois é reconhecida e internalizada por macrófagos, ocasionando a sua diferenciação em foam cells. Diversos fatores participam deste processo de diferenciação, como a expressão de receptores de scavenger CD 36, proporcionando aumento na captação de LDL oxidada, aumento na síntese endógena de colesterol e ativação de fatores nucleares que iniciam a transcrição de proteínas específicas e fatores de crescimento que disparam a aterogênese. Os fenômenos celulares relacionados à apoptose também são de especial importância, tanto no desenvolvimento da lesão aterosclerótica como na estabilidade da placa e formação de trombos. As prostaglandinas (PGs) ciclopentenônicas (CP-PGs), em particular a PGA2 e a 15-desóxi-∆12,14-PGJ2 são uma classe especial de PGs que, em diminutas concentrações, disparam a expressão das proteínas de choque térmico (hsp), que são citoprotetoras. Além disso, CP-PGs bloqueiam a ativação do fator nuclear pró-inflamatório NF-κB tornando-as potentes agentes antiinflamatórios. Embora as PGs das famílias A e J guardem uma série de características em comum, a 15-desóxi-∆12,14- PGJ2 é o ligante fisiológico do fator nuclear pró-aterogênico PPAR-γ, enquanto as PGs da família A ativam apenas a via citoprotetora das hsp. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos das CP-PGs sobre a expressão gênica de fatores relacionados à diferenciação de macrófagos em foam cells, bem como proteínas reguladoras do processo de apoptose, em células da linhagem pró-monocítica humana U937. Para tal, as células foram tratadas com CPPGs em presença e/ou ausência de LDL nat e LDL ox, o RNA foi extraído para a realização de RT-PCR para PPAR-γ, CD 36, HMG-CoA redutase e proteínas de apoptose Caspase 3, p53 e Bcl-xL. O tratamento estatístico utilizado foi análise de variância (ANOVA one-way) e teste “t” de student, com resultados expressos como médias + desvios-padrão da média, com P<0,05. Os resultados obtidos demontraram que as CP-PGs PGA2 (20µM-24h) e PGJ2 (1,5µM-24h) inibiram a expressão gênica do fator nuclear PPAR- γ (64 % (PGA2), 88 % (15- d-PGJ2)) nas células U937, em presença de LDL oxidada, quando comparado ao controle. PGA2 inibiu a expressão de HMG-CoA redutase (33 %), enzima chave da síntese de colesterol intracelular, e o tratamento com as CP-PGs também inibiu a apoptose nas células tratadas em presença de LDL oxidada. Os dados sugerem que as CP-PGs apresentam grande potencial para o tratamento da aterosclerose, já que, além de apresentarem efeito antiinflamatório, inibem a expressão do fator nuclear pró-aterogênico PPAR-γ, do receptor de scavenger CD36 (apenas a 15-desóxi-∆12,14-PGJ2) e da enzima HMG-CoA redutase. O bloqueio da apoptose nas células estudadas pode estar relacionado à citoproteção oferecida por estas PGs. Embora investigações in vivo deste laboratório tenham mostrado a eficácia do tratamento com CP-PGs em camundongos portadores de aterosclerose, estudos adicionais são necessários para esclarecer-se o efeito antiaterogênico das mesmas.

Selective Coupling between Theta Phase and Neocortical Fast Gamma Oscillations during REM-Sleep in Mice

TORT, A. B. L. ; SCHEFFER-TEIXEIRA, R ; Souza, B.C. ; DRAGUHN, A. ; BRANKACK, J. . Theta-associated high-frequency oscillations (110-160 Hz) in the hippocampus and neocortex. Progress in Neurobiology , v. 100, p. 1-14, 2013.