The politics of hazard: imminent critique and deconstruction of ecological modernisation in Ireland

This dissertation sets out to provide immanent critique and deconstruction of ecological modernisation or ecomodernism.It does so, from a critical social theory approach, in order to correctly address the essential issues at the heart of the environmental crisis that ecomodernism purports to address. This critical approach argues that the solution to the environmental crisis can only be concretely achieved by recognising its root cause as being foremost the issue of material interaction between classes in society, and not simply between society and nature in any structurally meaningful way. Based on a metaphysic of false dualism, ecological modernisation attributes a materiality of exchange value relations to issues of society, while simultaneously offering a non- material ontology to issues of nature. Thus ecomodernism serves asymmetrical relations of power whereby, as a polysemic policy discourse, it serves the material interests of those who have the power to impose abstract interpretations on the materiality of actual phenomena. The research of this dissertation is conducted by the critical evaluation of the empirical data from two exemplary Irish case studies. Discovery of the causal processes of the various public issues in the case studies and thereafter the revelation of the meaning structures under- pinning such causal processes, is a theoretically- driven task requiring analysis of those social practices found in the cognitive, cultural and structural constitutions respectively of actors, mediations and systems.Therefore, the imminent critique of the case study paradigms serves as a research strategy for comprehending Ireland’s nature- society relations as influenced essentially by a systems (techno- corporatist) ecomodernist discourse. Moreover, the deconstruction of this systems ideological discourse serves not only to demonstrate how weak ecomodernism practically undermines its declared ecological objectives, but also indicates how such objectives intervene as systemic contradictions at the cultural heart of Ireland’s late modernisation.

High speed nonlinear optical components for next-generation optical communications

Electronic signal processing systems currently employed at core internet routers require huge amounts of power to operate and they may be unable to continue to satisfy consumer demand for more bandwidth without an inordinate increase in cost, size and/or energy consumption. Optical signal processing techniques may be deployed in next-generation optical networks for simple tasks such as wavelength conversion, demultiplexing and format conversion at high speed (≥100Gb.s-1) to alleviate the pressure on existing core router infrastructure. To implement optical signal processing functionalities, it is necessary to exploit the nonlinear optical properties of suitable materials such as III-V semiconductor compounds, silicon, periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN), highly nonlinear fibre (HNLF) or chalcogenide glasses. However, nonlinear optical (NLO) components such as semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electroabsorption modulators (EAMs) and silicon nanowires are the most promising candidates as all-optical switching elements vis-à-vis ease of integration, device footprint and energy consumption. This PhD thesis presents the amplitude and phase dynamics in a range of device configurations containing SOAs, EAMs and/or silicon nanowires to support the design of all optical switching elements for deployment in next-generation optical networks. Time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy using pulses with a pulse width of 3ps from mode-locked laser sources was utilized to accurately measure the carrier dynamics in the device(s) under test. The research work into four main topics: (a) a long SOA, (b) the concatenated SOA-EAMSOA (CSES) configuration, (c) silicon nanowires embedded in SU8 polymer and (d) a custom epitaxy design EAM with fast carrier sweepout dynamics. The principal aim was to identify the optimum operation conditions for each of these NLO device configurations to enhance their switching capability and to assess their potential for various optical signal processing functionalities. All of the NLO device configurations investigated in this thesis are compact and suitable for monolithic and/or hybrid integration.

An examination of the underlying trait structure of psychopathy: applications for screening and measurement

This thesis seeks to clarify the faceted organisation of psychopathy with a view to developing a comprehensive protocol for the assessment of core psychopathic personality traits. The framework developed will, as best as possible, be free of sample bias. The Self-and Informant-report Deviant Personality Screen (DPS) is introduced and a series of empirical studies are conducted to examine the psychometric properties and construct validity of these measures in general and offender populations. Findings from these studies provide strong support for the utility of the DPS scales for the appraisal of psychopathy across diverse population samples. In addition to this, the utility of cognitive based performance measures for the assessment of emotional deficits in psychopathy is evaluated. Results from this study suggest limited correspondence between these measurement techniques and self-report psychopathy measures. Finally, research conducted on offenders suggests that information obtained from DPS reports may be useful within a broad framework of risk assessment. Further empirical and theoretical implications of the research are discussed.

Assessing the impulse control of violent offenders using computer-based cognitive performance tasks

The topic of this thesis is impulsivity. The meaning and measurement of impulse control is explored, with a particular focus on forensic settings. Impulsivity is central to many areas of psychology; it is one of the most common diagnostic criteria of mental disorders and is fundamental to the understanding of forensic personalities. Despite this widespread importance there is little agreement as to the definition or structure of impulsivity, and its measurement is fraught with difficulty owing to a reliance on self-report methods. This research aims to address this problem by investigating the viability of using simple computerised cognitive performance tasks as complementary components of a multi-method assessment strategy for impulse control. Ultimately, the usefulness of this measurement strategy for a forensic sample is assessed. Impulsivity is found to be a multifaceted construct comprised of a constellation of distinct sub-dimensions. Computerised cognitive performance tasks are valid and reliable measures that can assess impulsivity at a neuronal level. Self-report and performance task methods assess distinct components of impulse control and, for the optimal assessment of impulse control, a multi-method battery of self-report and performance task measures is advocated. Such a battery is shown to have demonstrated utility in a forensic sample, and recommendations for forensic assessment in the Irish context are discussed.

An investigation of implicit measurement techniques amongst low risk and forensic samples

There are difficulties with utilising self- report and physiological measures of assessment amongst forensic populations. This study investigates implicit based measures amongst sexual offenders, nonsexual offenders and low risk samples. Implicit measurement is a term applied to measurement methods that makes it difficult to influence responses through conscious control. The test battery includes the Implicit Association Test (IAT), Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP), Viewing Time (VT) and the Structured Clinical interview for disorders. The IAT proposes that people will perform better on a task when they depend on well-practiced cognitive associations. The RSVP task requires participants to identify a single target image that is presented amongst a series of rapidly presented visual images. RSVP operates on the premise that if two target images are presented within 500milliseconds of each other, the possibility that the participant will recognize the second target is significantly reduced when the first target is of salience to the individual. This is the attentional blink phenomenon. VT is based on the principle that people will look longer at images that are of salience. Results showed that on the VT task, child sexual offenders took longer to view images of children than low risk groups. Nude over clothed images induced a greater attentional blink amongst low risk and offending samples on the RSVP task. Sexual offenders took longer than low risk groups on word pairing tasks where sexual words were paired with adult words on the IAT. The SCID highlighted differences between the offending and non offending groups on the sub scales for personality disorders. More erotic stimulus items on the VT and RSVP measures is recommended to better differentiate sexual preference between offending and non offending samples. A pictorial IAT is recommended. Findings provide the basis for further development of implicit measures within the assessment of sexual offenders.

The application of computer modelling to develop a methodology for ‘existing building’ upgrades to move towards carbon-neutral buildings

The retrofitting of existing buildings for decreased energy usage, through increased energy efficiency and for minimum carbon dioxide emissions throughout their remaining lifetime is a major area of research. This research area requires development to provide building professionals with more efficient building retrofit solution determination tools. The overarching objective of this research is to develop a tool for this purpose through the implementation of a prescribed methodology. This has been achieved in three distinct steps. Firstly, the concept of using the degree-days modelling method as an adequate means of basing retrofit decision upon was analysed and the results illustrated that the concept had merit. Secondly, the concept of combining the degree-days modelling method and the Genetic Algorithms optimisation method is investigated as a method of determining optimal thermal energy retrofit solutions. Thirdly, the combination of the degree-days modelling method and the Genetic Algorithms optimisation method were packaged into a building retrofit decision-support tool and named BRaSS (Building Retrofit Support Software). The results demonstrate clearly that, fundamental building information, simplified occupancy profiles and weather data used in a static simulation modelling method is a sufficient and adequate means to base retrofitting decisions upon. The results also show that basing retrofit decisions upon energy analysis results are the best means to guide a retrofit project and also to achieve results which are optimum for a particular building. The results also indicate that the building retrofit decision-support tool, BRaSS, is an effective method to determine optimum thermal energy retrofit solutions.

The placebo effect: measurement by multiple methods

This thesis investigated the relationship of explicit (self-report), implicit (IAT) and physiological variables to the placebo effect. The thesis consisted of three main parts. The first collected background data and developed models for two constructs (Optimism and Mindfulness) associated with the placebo effect and implicit attitudes, respectively. The second part of the thesis consisted of the development of an explicit measure of treatment expectancies, and the development of two IATs, one for Optimism and the other for Treatment Credibility. The final portion of the thesis was an experimental study (N=111) which tested these new measures in a sample of healthy volunteers. The primary hypothesis of the thesis, that there would be a relationship between the placebo effect and implicit measures, was not supported. Major findings include an effect of semantic priming on placebo response mediated by condition (Deceptive versus Open Placebo), an unexpected negative relationship between Optimism and self-reported Health, and a physiological relationship between pain ratings and GSR data, which was also mediated by Condition in the experiment. A complete record of the code and data for this thesis can be found at https://github.com/richiemorrisroe/Thesis

Benefits and Effects of Interactive Gaming Exercise as Compared to Traditional Exercise Techniques: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Physical Activity Levels and Mode of Activity in College Students

Gemstone Team F.I.T.N.E.S.S. (Fun Interactive Techniques for New Exercise and Sport Styles)

Analysis of ocean power extraction capabilites of a rotary wave energy conversion system

Gemstone Team WAVES (Water and Versatile Energy Systems)

An analysis of the efficacy of low-scale concentrated photovoltaics

Gemstone Team LEAF (Light Energy Acquisition of the Future)

Effects of Gallium-Desferrioxamine Compounds on Bacteria

Over 70% of nosocomial infections in the United States are resistant to one or more traditional antibiotics, necessitating research for alternative treatment options. This study aims to chelate gallium (Ga) onto a bacterial siderophore, desferrioxamine (DFO), to retard bacterial growth. By exploiting natural bacterial pathways, metal-siderophore treatments are hypothesized to circumvent traditional resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the GaDFO complex will be tested against several bacterial species to determine the specificity of DFO uptake. This research aims to prove the feasibility of siderophore piracy as an alternative to antibiotics. In showing the feasibility of siderophore piracy mechanisms, this research will enable the development of future avenues for protecting against resistant nosocomial infections.

Can Cooling Technology Save Many-Core Parallel Programming from Its Programming Woes?

An abstract of this work will be presented at the Compiler, Architecture and Tools Conference (CATC), Intel Development Center, Haifa, Israel November 23, 2015.

Competitividad del sistema agroindustrial de café peruano, en el período 1961-2011

El cultivo de café explica el 10,2 por ciento de la superficie de Perú y es el principal cultivo agrícola. Es un importante generador de mano de obra y sustento de más de 150.000 familias de pequeños agricultores. El consumo interno es muy bajo (menor a 0,5 Kg por habitante) y su principal destino es la exportación, la cual ha crecido significativamente en los últimos años, mostrando una tasa de crecimiento muy por encima de la media mundial. El crecimiento de la producción y exportación de este cultivo en Perú, en medio de una actividad donde coexiste con fuertes competidores mundiales lleva a preguntar: ¿Tiene competitividad dinámica el Sistema Agroindustrial de Café peruano, entre el periodo 1961-2011? y en caso de tenerlas ¿Sobre qué factores se fundamentan sus ventajas competitivas dinámicas?. En base a esto, el objetivo de la investigación consistió en determinar la competitividad dinámica del SAG de café de Perú en los últimos 50 años y especificar los principales factores físicos, económicos e institucionales que la sustentan. Para el logro del objetivo se utilizó una combinación de metodologías descriptivas, cualitativas (diamante de Porter y matriz FODA) y cuantitativa mediante el Índice de Ventajas Comparativas Reveladas y el modelo econométrico. La competitividad del sistema agroindustrial del café en Perú, entre los años 1961-2011, registra un comportamiento creciente, que se expresa a través de una tendencia con pendiente positiva. El análisis cualitativo de la competitividad de la producción y comercialización de café en Perú, utilizando la metodología de Porter sobre La Ventaja Competitiva de las Naciones (1991), permitió identificar qué las ventajas competitivas del SAG de café, principalmente se basan en los factores básicos a través de las condiciones físicas, y al factor trabajo. Se observa una baja dinámica en Investigación y Desarrollo (ID). Por otra parte se destaca como variable importante, por su incidencia institucional la relevancia de la política comercial de Perú basada en la apertura externa. A través de la matriz FODA, se estableció la posición del SAG café en el cuadrante oportunidades/fortalezas. Se definió un modelo econométrico de series de tiempo, cuyos estadísticos fueron significativos. La variable dependiente, como proxy de la competitividad, se consideró el IVCR, y las variables explicativas fueron el índice de evolución de la mano de obra, el índice rendimiento por hectárea y una variable dummy que representa el cambio institucional. Se puede concluir que Perú tiene ventajas competitivas dinámicas para la producción y comercialización de café, debido al comportamiento de las VCR, que se basan, principalmente, en factores básicos y en políticas gubernamentales adecuadas, que permiten la estabilidad e inserción internacional a partir de los años noventa, pero requieren de un mayor impulso en investigación y desarrollo para que sus ventajas sean más sustentables.

Juventud en áreas rurales de Argentina : impacto de los cambios ocurridos en la década del noventa

Los objetivos de los programas y políticas de desarrollo rural pueden plantearse como la búsqueda de mayor 'bienestar' y diminución de la población en condiciones de pobreza. La situación de los jóvenes es al mismo tiempo parte de estos objetivos e indicador de las consecuencias de las políticas aplicadas. Durante la década de los noventa, se produjeron importantes cambios políticos, económicos y sociales, junto con transformaciones importantes en la agricultura. Esos cambios tuvieron impactos analizados para ámbitos urbanos, pero poco discutidos sobre los jovenes rurales. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el impacto de las transformaciones mencionadas sobre la situación de los jóvenes rurales, buscando discutir las derivaciones para el diseño de políticas y proyectos de desarrollo rural. Los resultados permiten concluir que la situación de desventaja de los jóvenes rurales se funda en determinaciones estructurales por la menor presencia del Estado que se mantuvo durante los noventa. El tipo de crecimiento agrícola no resultó transferido al conjunto de los jóvenes rurales, persistió la pobreza y se agravaron las condiciones de empleo. Los procesos migratorios hacia Buenos Aires no necesariamente se tradujeron en la incorporación a un mercado de trabajo diferente. Los proyectos de desarrollo en su actual adscripción al enfoque territorial debieran realizar esfuerzos para integrar a los jóvenes rurales a las políticas universales, de manera de asegurar los derechos básicos incluyendo el acceso a la tierra. La provisión de empleos dignos y posibilidades de estudio en los lugares de origen son las únicas garantías de que las migraciones sean opciones libres y voluntarias. Sin embargo, las migraciones de jóvenes rurales hacia las urbes pueden ser inevitables y es necesario capitalizarlos antes de su partida. Las derivaciones para la política pública deben considerarse como generales y rediscutidas a la luz de heterogeneidades de diverso tipo que nuevas investigaciones pueden retomar

Propuestas para un proyecto de intervención territorial

Fundamentación ('Por qué') : la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones en el área de influencia de la EEA Las Breñas que persigan el fin de un 'desarrollo rural territorial' donde parte de las inquietudes que manifiesta el sector porcino sean resueltas. Estas inquietudes o malestares se denotan en el momento en que los extensionistas intervienen en el territorio (a través de los diferentes programas del INTA), obteniendo resultados aislados y poco acordes a los cambios estructurales que atraviesa el S.A. donde la capacidad de innovación tecnológica y organizativa de los productores son elementos claves para alcanzar el desarrollo rural territorial. Delimitación del territorio ('dónde') : las acciones propuestas tiene como territorio al Departamento 2 de Abril cuya cabecera es la localidad de Hermoso Campo donde se encuentra la ODR (Oficina de Desarrollo Rural) - EEA INTA Las Breñas. Propuesta ('qué') : la explicitación de una serie de herramientas orientadas a efectuar un Diagnóstico Rural Participativo del sector porcino con el fin de conocer el proceso de toma de decisiones de los grupos de productores en relación a dicho sector e identificar los factores relevantes que atentan contra esta producción haciéndola poco sustentables. Población objetivo beneficiaria ('para quiénes') : los beneficiarios directos de la presente propuesta lo constituyen los pequeños y medianos productores de cerdos del Departamento 2 de Abril. Y los beneficiarios indirectos serían las organizaciones e instituciones locales vinculadas al sector y los actores intervinientes, es decir, los 'facilitadores' (técnicos, promotores y demás responsables de dicha propuesta). Principales acciones a desarrollar ('cómo lo haremos') : a través de las herramientas del DRP (Diagnóstico Rural Participativo), las cuales 'tienen como pretensión no tanto la mera recogida rápida de datos, sino estimular un proceso de empoderamiento de la población mediante su participación. En este caso, el agente externo hace funciones no de investigador sino de facilitador, y la información obtenida se analiza y gestiona por la propia población local, que determina con sus prioridades el 'diseño de los proyectos' (Diagnóstico Rural Rápido (DRR), Néstor Zabala). El "producto esperado" es la selección de una metodología que permita recabar la información relevante en relación a la problemática en cuestión. Es decir, una metodología que esgrima las causas y consecuencias reales de la baja sustentabilidad de los emprendimientos productivos del sector porcino. Y a partir de allí, diseñar estrategias de intervención orientadas a lograr un desarrollo territorial