Retirement Transition Migration: Implications for Rural Development

Recent literature suggests that the increasingly blurred relationship between paid employment and retirement facilitates a retirement transition period, a life course stage which may involve a change of residence. The role of pre-retirement mobility in the repopulation of rural areas has, however, received relatively little academic scrutiny from UK geographers. This article draws upon findings from a two-year study conducted in three UK case study areas. It examines the extent of pre-retirement age (aged 50-64) migration into rural communities and the impacts this type of movement has upon economic activity, social and community engagement and service provision. It is argued that while this under-researched group offers significant potential to support the social and economic sustainability of rural communities (at least in the short and medium term), there are notable regional variations which are likely to have important long term implications for rural communities as this cohort ages in situ.

Rural Migration, Agrarian Change and Institutional Dynamics: Perspectives from the Majority World

Overall, this special issue provides insights into the mutually constitutive ways in which rapid economic development associated with industrialisation drives institutional change, migration and mobility, and, finally, altered relationships between – and conceptions of – rural and urban. The following papers pose important conceptual, normative as well as practical, policy-relevant questions relating to the human consequences of these processes and point to the applications of population research – a central objective of this journal.

Patterns and processes of recent migration to Northern Ireland

This paper describes patterns and processes of recent migration in Northern Ireland. A conceptual approach is provided for spatial understandings of migration in new destinations, and the role of context is explored with regard to migration to a divided society. Recent migration to Northern Ireland is characterised and the geography of migrant residences evidenced in the 2011 Census is presented. Key patterns include the rural nature of migration in Northern Ireland, variation among migrant groups, and the spatial concentration of migrant communities. This exploration of spatial patterns is expanded on through a consideration of the processes of migration and diversification according to the themes of Finding Housing and Neighbourhood Interactions. In conclusion we explore the implications of the data presented, reflecting on spatial problems and spatial solutions in diversifying Northern Ireland.

Conductivity sensor technology application in steady state migration test

In this paper the current development of the steady state migration test was reviewed. Experiments were carried out for a series of concrete mixes with the steady state migration test in which conductivity sensor technology is applied. With the developed steady state migration test, conductivity in anolyte, loop current and temperature can be monitored in real time. The experimental results are conductive to understand the mechanism of chloride migration during both unsteady state and steady state. The conductivity of anolyte could be used to calculate the chloride concentration in anolyte and the theoretical correlation between them was explained. Over all, the developed steady state migration is an effective, convenient, well-defined in theory and plentiful with information method which could be used to determine the chloride diffusion coefficient of cementitious materials.

Characterisation of nonlinear distortion and intermodulation in passive devices and antennas

The paper presents a conceptual discussion of the characterisation and phenomenology of passive intermodulation (PIM) by the localised and distributed nonlinearities in passive devices and antennas. The PIM distinctive nature and its impact on signal distortions are examined in comparison with similar effects in power amplifiers. The main features of PIM generation are discussed and illustrated by the example of PIM due to electro-thermal nonlinearity. The issues of measurement, discrimination and modelling of PIM generated by nonlinearities in passive RF components and antennas are addressed.

The Well-Aligned Orbit of Wasp-84b: Evidence for Disk Migration of a Hot Jupiter

We report the sky-projected orbital obliquity (spin–orbit angle) of WASP-84 b, a 0.69MJup planet in an 8.52 day orbit around a G9V/K0V star, to be λ = −0.3 ± 1.7°. We obtain a true obliquity of ψ = 17.3 ± 7.7° from a measurement of the inclination of the stellar spin axis with respect to the sky plane. Due to the young age and the weak tidal forcing of the system, we suggest that the orbit of WASP-84b is unlikely to have both realigned and circularized from the misaligned and/or eccentric orbit likely to have arisen from high-eccentricity migration. Therefore we conclude that the planet probably migrated via interaction with the protoplanetary disk. This would make it the first “hot Jupiter” (P d < 10 ) to have been shown to have migrated via this pathway. Further, we argue that the distribution of obliquities for planets orbiting cool stars (Teff < 6250 K) suggests that high-eccentricity migration is an important pathway for the formation of short-orbit, giant planets.

Characterisation of Passive Intermodulation in Passive RF Devices with X-parameter

A novel approach to the modelling of passive intermodulation (PIM) generation in passive components with distributed weak nonlinearities is outlined. Based upon the formalism of X-parameters, it provides a unified framework for co-design of antenna beamforming networks, filters, combiners, phase shifters and other passive and active devices containing nonlinearities at RF front-end. The effects of discontinuities and complex circuit layouts can be efficiently evaluated with the aid of the equivalent networks of the canonical nonlinear elements. The main concepts are illustrated by examples of numerical simulations of PIM generation in the transmission lines and comparison with the measurement results.

Contemporary and 'messy' rural in-migration processes: Comparing counterurban and lateral rural migration.

This paper questions the ongoing dominant coverage given to counterurbanisation in the rural population literature. It is argued that this provides only a partial account of the true diversity of contemporary migration processes operating in rural areas and has the potential to fuse together different in-migration processes. Specifically, lateral rural migration has been under-researched to date. Using empirical data from a survey of 260 migrant households to 3 UK case study areas (in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), the significance of lateral rural migration is revealed and compared with counterurban migration and migrants. The last change of address shows that 59% relocated from an urban area (participating in a counterurban flow) whilst 41% moved from another rural location (lateral rural flow). The boundary between migration processes can, however, be blurred: Some moves are an example of both counterurbanisation and lateral rural flows. Incorporating lifetime migration histories data demonstrates the contemporary complexity and messiness of rural in-migration processes. For example, 26% of these migrant households only ever undertook a lateral rural move during their lifetime. For others, the direction of migration has changed numerous times and intertwined with each move are aspects of life course, return, and inter-regional migration. Comparing the survey characteristics and motivations of counterurban and lateral rural migrants, alongside interview material, highlights important similarities and differences. The paper concludes by calling on rural population geographers to more fully engage with the complexity, totality, and indeed messiness of contemporary rural in-migration processes.

Mutant p53 expression in fallopian tube epithelium drives cell migration

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among US women. Evidence supports the hypothesis that high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) may originate in the distal end of the fallopian tube. Although a heterogeneous disease, 96% of HGSC contain mutations in p53. In addition, the "p53 signature," or overexpression of p53 protein (usually associated with mutation), is a potential precursor lesion of fallopian tube derived HGSC suggesting an essential role for p53 mutation in early serous tumorigenesis. To further clarify p53-mutation dependent effects on cells, murine oviductal epithelial cells (MOE) were stably transfected with a construct encoding for the R273H DNA binding domain mutation in p53, the most common mutation in HGSC. Mutation in p53 was not sufficient to transform MOE cells but did significantly increase cell migration. A similar p53 mutation in murine ovarian surface epithelium (MOSE), another potential progenitor cell for serous cancer, was not sufficient to transform the cells nor change migration suggesting tissue specific effects of p53 mutation. Microarray data confirmed expression changes of pro-migratory genes in p53(R273H) MOE compared to parental cells, which could be reversed by suppressing Slug expression. Combining p53(R273H) with KRAS(G12V) activation caused transformation of MOE into high-grade sarcomatoid carcinoma when xenografted into nude mice. Elucidating the specific role of p53(R273H) in the fallopian tube will improve understanding of changes at the earliest stage of transformation. This information can help develop chemopreventative strategies to prevent the accumulation of additional mutations and reverse progression of the "p53 signature" thereby, improving survival rates.

Asset Tracking in Critical Power Communications Infrastructures using Passive Techniques

Active network scanning injects traffic into a network and observes responses to draw conclusions about the network. Passive network analysis works by looking at network meta data or by analyzing traffic as it traverses a fixed point on the network. It may be infeasible or inappropriate to scan critical infrastructure networks. Techniques exist to uniquely map assets without resorting to active scanning. In many cases, it is possible to characterize and identify network nodes by passively analyzing traffic flows. These techniques are considered in particular with respect to their application to power industry critical infrastructure.