National Drugs Strategy 2001 - 2008

In April 2000, the Cabinet Committee on Social Inclusion requested that a review of the current national drugs strategy be undertaken. The overall objective of the review was to identify any gaps or deficiencies in the existing strategy and to develop revised strategies and, if necessary, new arrangements through which to deliver them. A sub-group of the Inter-Departmental Group on Drugs and the National Drugs Strategy Team â?" known as the Review Group â?" managed and oversaw the process. As part of the review, a study of the latest available data on the extent andnature of drug misuse in Ireland was undertaken. This revealed that the most commonly used drug in Ireland is cannabis, followed by ecstasy. However, in terms of harm to the individual and the community, heroin has the greatest impact. Download the Report here

Mid Term Review of the National Drugs Strategy 2001 - 2008

2004 marked the half-way point of the National Drugs Strategy and a mid-term review was initiated in June last year. The review was overseen by a Steering Group chaired by the Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs.The overall aim of the review was to examine the progress being made in achieving the key strategic goals set out in the Strategy and to enable priorities for future action to be identified â?" and a re-focussing of the Strategy if necessary â?" for the remaining period up to 2008. The Steering Group was also asked to examine the relevance of the Strategy in tackling the current nature and extent of drug misuse in Ireland, including emerging trends, and to identify any gaps presenting and how they might be addressed Download the Report here

Report of Care and Management Sub-Committee of the National AIDS Strategy Committee on HIV/STI Services in Ireland

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Report of the National Taskforce on Obesity: Obesity - the policy challenges: Executive Summary

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased with alarming speed over the past twenty years. It has recently been described by the World Health Organisation as a ‘global epidemic’. In the year 2000 more than 300 million people worldwide were obese and it is now projected that by 2025 up to half the population of the United States will be obese if current trends are maintained. The disease is now a major public health problem throughout Europe. In Ireland at the present time 39% of adults are overweight and 18% are obese. Of these, slightly more men than women are obese and there is a higher incidence of the disease in lower socio-economic groups. Most worrying of all is the fact that childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in Europe, with body weight now the most prevalent childhood disease. While currently there are no agreed criteria or standards for assessing Irish children for obesity some studies are indicating that the numbers of children who are significantly overweight have trebled over the past decade. Extrapolation from authoritative UK data suggests that these numbers could now amount to more than 300,000 overweight and obese children on the island of Ireland and they are probably rising at a rate of over 10,000 per year. A balance of food intake and physical activity is necessary for a healthy weight. The foods we individually consume and our participation in physical activity are the result of a complex supply and production system. The growing research evidence that energy dense foods promote obesity is impressive and convincing. These are the foods that are high in fat, sugar and starch. Of these potentially the most significant promoter of weight gain is fat and foods from the top shelf of the food pyramid including spreads (butter and margarine), cakes and biscuits, and confectionery, when combined are the greatest contributors to fat intake in the Irish diet. In company with their adult counterparts Irish children are also consuming large amounts of energy dense foods outside the home. A recent survey revealed that slightly over half of these children ate sweets at least once a day and roughly a third of them had fizzy drinks and crisps with the same regularity. Sugar sweetened carbonated drinks are thought to contribute to obesity and for this reason the World Health Organisation has expressed serious concerns at the high and increasing consumption of these drinks by children. Physical activity is an important determinant of body weight. Over recent decades there has been a marked decline in demanding physical work and this has been accompanied by more sedentary lifestyles generally and reduced leisure-time activity. These observable changes, which are supported by data from most European countries and the United States, suggest that physical inactivity has made a significant impact on the increase in overweight and obesity being seen today. It is now widely accepted that adults shoud be involved in 45-60 minutes, and children should be involved in at least 60 minutes per day of moderate physical activity in order to prevent excess weight gain. Being overweight today not only signals increased risk of medical problems but also exposes people to serious psychosocial problems due mainly to widespread prejudice against fat people. Prejudice against obese people seems to border on the socially acceptable in Ireland. It crops up consistently in surveys covering groups such as employers, teachers, medical and healthcare personnel, and the media. It occurs among adolescents and children, even very young children. Because obesity is associated with premature death, excessive morbidity and serious psychosocial problems the damage it causes to the welfare of citizens is extremely serious and for this reason government intervention is necessary and warranted. In economic terms, a figure of approximately â,¬30million has been estimated for in-patient costs alone in 2003 for a number of Irish hospitals. This year about 2,000 premature deaths in Ireland will be attributed to obesity and the numbers are growing relentlessly. Diseases which proportionally more obese people suffer from than the general population include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, angina, heart attack and osteoarthritis. There are indirect costs also such as days lost to the workplace due to illness arising from obesity and output foregone as a result of premature death. Using the accepted EU environmental cost benefit method, these deaths alone may be costing the state as much as â,¬4bn per year. The social determinants of physical activity include factors such as socio-economic status, education level, gender, family and peer group influences as well as individual perceptions of the benefits of physical activity. The environmental determinants include geographic location, time of year, and proximity of facilities such as open spaces, parks and safe recreational areas generally. The environmental factors have not yet been as well studied as the social ones and this research gap needs to be addressed. Clearly there is a public health imperative to ensure that relevant environmental policies maximise opportunities for active transport, recreational physical activity and total physical activity. It is clear that concerted policy initiatives must be put in place if the predominantly negative findings of research regarding the determinants of food consumption and physical activity are to be accepted, and they must surely be accepted by government if the rapid increase in the incidence of obesity with all its negative consequences for citizens is to be reversed. So far actions surrounding nutrition policies have concentrated mostly on actions that are within the remit of the Department of Health and Children such as implementing the dietary guidelines. These are important but government must now look at the totality of policies that influence the type and supply of food that its citizens eat and the range and quality of opportunities that are available to citizens to engage in physical activity. This implies a fundamental examination of existing agricultural, industrial, economic and other policies and a determination to change them if they do not enable people to eat healthily and partake in physical activity. The current crisis in obesity prevalence requires a population health approach for adults and children in addition to effective weight-reduction management for individuals who are severely overweight. This entails addressing the obesogenic environment where people live, creating conditions over time which lead to healthier eating and more active living, and protecting people from the widespread availability of unhealthy food and beverage options in addition to sedentary activities that take up all of their leisure time. People of course have a fundamental right to choose to eat what they want and to be as active as they wish. That is not the issue. What the National Taskforce on Obesity has had to take account of is that many forces are actively impeding change for those well aware of the potential health and well-being consequences to themselves of overweight and obesity. The Taskforce’s social change strategy is to give people meaningful choice. Choice, or the capacity to change (because the strategy is all about change), is facilitated through the development of personal skills and preferences, through supportive and participative environments at work, at school and in the local community, and through a dedicated and clearly communicated public health strategy. High-level cabinet support will be necessary to implement the Taskforce’s recommendations. The approach to implementation must be characterised by joined-up thinking, real practical engagement by the public and private sectors, the avoidance of duplication of effort or crosspurpose approaches, and the harnessing of existing strategies and agencies. The range of government departments with roles to play is considerable. The Taskforce outlines the different contributions that each relevant department can make in driving its strategy forward. It also emphasises its requirement that all phases of the national strategy for healthy eating and physical activity are closely monitored, analysed and evaluated. The vision of the Taskforce is expressed as: An Irish society that enables people through health promotion, prevention and care to achieve and maintain healthy eating and active living throughout their lifespan. Its high-level goals are expressed as follows: Its recommendations, over eighty in all, relate to actions across six broad sectors: high-level government; education; social and community; health; food, commodities, production and supply; and the physical environment. In developing its recommendations the Taskforce has taken account of the complex, multisectoral and multi-faceted determinants of diet and physical activity. This strategy poses challenges for government, within individual departments, inter-departmentally and in developing partnerships with the commercial sector. Equally it challenges the commercial sector to work in partnership with government. The framework required for such initiative has at its core the rights and benefits of the individual. Health promotion is fundamentally about empowerment, whether at the individual, the community or the policy level.

Obesity - the policy challenges: The report of the National Taskforce on Obesity

Click here to download PDF The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased with alarming speed over the past twenty years. It has recently been described by the World Health Organisation as a ‘global epidemic’. In the year 2000 more than 300 million people worldwide were obese and it is now projected that by 2025 up to half the population of the United States will be obese if current trends are maintained. The disease is now a major public health problem throughout Europe. In Ireland at the present time 39% of adults are overweight and 18% are obese. Of these, slightly more men than women are obese and there is a higher incidence of the disease in lower socio-economic groups. Most worrying of all is the fact that childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in Europe, with body weight now the most prevalent childhood disease. While currently there are no agreed criteria or standards for assessing Irish children for obesity some studies are indicating that the numbers of children who are significantly overweight have trebled over the past decade. Extrapolation from authoritative UK data suggests that these numbers could now amount to more than 300,000 overweight and obese children on the island of Ireland and they are probably rising at a rate of over 10,000 per year. A balance of food intake and physical activity is necessary for a healthy weight. The foods we individually consume and our participation in physical activity are the result of a complex supply and production system. The growing research evidence that energy dense foods promote obesity is impressive and convincing. These are the foods that are high in fat, sugar and starch. Of these potentially the most significant promoter of weight gain is fat and foods from the top shelf of the food pyramid including spreads (butter and margarine), cakes and biscuits, and confectionery, when combined are the greatest contributors to fat intake in the Irish diet. In company with their adult counterparts Irish children are also consuming large amounts of energy dense foods outside the home. A recent survey revealed that slightly over half of these children ate sweets at least once a day and roughly a third of them had fizzy drinks and crisps with the same regularity. Sugar sweetened carbonated drinks are thought to contribute to obesity and for this reason the World Health Organisation has expressed serious concerns at the high and increasing consumption of these drinks by children. Physical activity is an important determinant of body weight. Over recent decades there has been a marked decline in demanding physical work and this has been accompanied by more sedentary lifestyles generally and reduced leisure-time activity. These observable changes, which are supported by data from most European countries and the United States, suggest that physical inactivity has made a significant impact on the increase in overweight and obesity being seen today. It is now widely accepted that adults shoud be involved in 45-60 minutes, and children should be involved in at least 60 minutes per day of moderate physical activity in order to prevent excess weight gain. Being overweight today not only signals increased risk of medical problems but also exposes people to serious psychosocial problems due mainly to widespread prejudice against fat people. Prejudice against obese people seems to border on the socially acceptable in Ireland. It crops up consistently in surveys covering groups such as employers, teachers, medical and healthcare personnel, and the media. It occurs among adolescents and children, even very young children. Because obesity is associated with premature death, excessive morbidity and serious psychosocial problems the damage it causes to the welfare of citizens is extremely serious and for this reason government intervention is necessary and warranted. In economic terms, a figure of approximately â,¬30million has been estimated for in-patient costs alone in 2003 for a number of Irish hospitals. This year about 2,000 premature deaths in Ireland will be attributed to obesity and the numbers are growing relentlessly. Diseases which proportionally more obese people suffer from than the general population include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, angina, heart attack and osteoarthritis. There are indirect costs also such as days lost to the workplace due to illness arising from obesity and output foregone as a result of premature death. Using the accepted EU environmental cost benefit method, these deaths alone may be costing the state as much as â,¬4bn per year. The social determinants of physical activity include factors such as socio-economic status, education level, gender, family and peer group influences as well as individual perceptions of the benefits of physical activity. The environmental determinants include geographic location, time of year, and proximity of facilities such as open spaces, parks and safe recreational areas generally. The environmental factors have not yet been as well studied as the social ones and this research gap needs to be addressed. Clearly there is a public health imperative to ensure that relevant environmental policies maximise opportunities for active transport, recreational physical activity and total physical activity. It is clear that concerted policy initiatives must be put in place if the predominantly negative findings of research regarding the determinants of food consumption and physical activity are to be accepted, and they must surely be accepted by government if the rapid increase in the incidence of obesity with all its negative consequences for citizens is to be reversed. So far actions surrounding nutrition policies have concentrated mostly on actions that are within the remit of the Department of Health and Children such as implementing the dietary guidelines. These are important but government must now look at the totality of policies that influence the type and supply of food that its citizens eat and the range and quality of opportunities that are available to citizens to engage in physical activity. This implies a fundamental examination of existing agricultural, industrial, economic and other policies and a determination to change them if they do not enable people to eat healthily and partake in physical activity. The current crisis in obesity prevalence requires a population health approach for adults and children in addition to effective weight-reduction management for individuals who are severely overweight. This entails addressing the obesogenic environment where people live, creating conditions over time which lead to healthier eating and more active living, and protecting people from the widespread availability of unhealthy food and beverage options in addition to sedentary activities that take up all of their leisure time. People of course have a fundamental right to choose to eat what they want and to be as active as they wish. That is not the issue. What the National Taskforce on Obesity has had to take account of is that many forces are actively impeding change for those well aware of the potential health and well-being consequences to themselves of overweight and obesity. The Taskforce’s social change strategy is to give people meaningful choice. Choice, or the capacity to change (because the strategy is all about change), is facilitated through the development of personal skills and preferences, through supportive and participative environments at work, at school and in the local community, and through a dedicated and clearly communicated public health strategy. High-level cabinet support will be necessary to implement the Taskforce’s recommendations. The approach to implementation must be characterised by joined-up thinking, real practical engagement by the public and private sectors, the avoidance of duplication of effort or crosspurpose approaches, and the harnessing of existing strategies and agencies. The range of government departments with roles to play is considerable. The Taskforce outlines the different contributions that each relevant department can make in driving its strategy forward. It also emphasises its requirement that all phases of the national strategy for healthy eating and physical activity are closely monitored, analysed and evaluated. The vision of the Taskforce is expressed as: An Irish society that enables people through health promotion, prevention and care to achieve and maintain healthy eating and active living throughout their lifespan. Its high-level goals are expressed as follows: Its recommendations, over eighty in all, relate to actions across six broad sectors: high-level government; education; social and community; health; food, commodities, production and supply; and the physical environment. In developing its recommendations the Taskforce has taken account of the complex, multisectoral and multi-faceted determinants of diet and physical activity. This strategy poses challenges for government, within individual departments, inter-departmentally and in developing partnerships with the commercial sector. Equally it challenges the commercial sector to work in partnership with government. The framework required for such initiative has at its core the rights and benefits of the individual. Health promotion is fundamentally about empowerment, whether at the individual, the community or the policy level.

Breastfeeding in Ireland. A five-year strategic action plan - National Committee on Breastfeeding 2005

The protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding has been identified in many national policy documents as a major public health issue. Breastfeeding offers mothers and babies significant health advantages both in the short term and throughout their lives.From a health policy point of view, it is generally agreed that the better health afforded by breastfeeding can result in major savings in the provision of health care. Studies have also shown that breastfeeding has a positive effect on the wider economy with fewer days being lost by employed parents of breastfed babies to illness. Although progress is being made in promoting and supporting this health enhancing, environmentally friendly and low-cost feeding option, breastfeeding rates in Ireland continue to be among the lowest in Europe. This Strategic Action Plan has been developed by a Ministerial appointed, multi-disciplinary National Committee on Breastfeeding, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, to further promote breastfeeding among all sectors of the population and particularly among those currently least likely to breastfeed. Its goal is the achievement of optimum health and well-being for children, their mothers, families and communities. Click here to download PDF

Alcohol and Injuries in the Accident and Emergency Department:A National Perspective

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Reach Out: National Strategy for Action on Suicide Prevention 2005-2014

The vision of this strategy is of a society where life is valued across all age groups, where the young learn from and are strengthened by the experiences of others and where the needs of those who are going through a hard time are met in a caring way so that: Download the report (PDF 1mb)    

Report of National Health Strategy Consultative Forum 2nd December 2005

The National Health Strategy Consultative Forum took place on 2nd December 2005 in Dublin Castle. This was the fourth National Forum and it was chaired by Dr. John Bowman. This Report gives a general account of the proceedings on the day and contains extracts from the various presentations made to the Forum. Read the Report (PDF, 270kb)

Sexual Assault Treatment Services - A National Review

The aim of this review is to examine the provision of Sexual Assault Treatment Services in Ireland and in doing so: Click here to access the publication.  

National Childcare Strategy 2006 - 2010A Guide for Parents

The National Childcare Strategy aims to improve the availability and quality of chidcare, to meet the needs of children and their parents. Click here to download the document (PDF, 700kb)

Report of the National Working Group on the Regulation of Complementary Therapists to the Minister for Health and Children

The focus of this report is the regulation of complementary therapists and, as such, does not deal directly with the efficacy of such therapies. It is for the consumer to make the choice of which therapy they intend to use. Whether they wish to consult a qualified therapist such as a homeopath or an acupuncturist, a healer, the seventh son of a seventh son, a person reputed to have a cure for a particular ailment or a person with a special skill with bones; the choice is theirs. Read the report (PDF 607kb) Download the accompanying leaflet (PDF 300kb) Note – Re: Page 70. ASK Ireland wish to clarify that the Kinesiology Association of Ireland do not represent the Association of Systematic Kinesiology in Ireland, in any way.

La recherche au sein des hautes écoles spécialisées 2012: descriptions, analyses, conclusions

Résumé Contexte et objectifs Les activités de recherche appliquée et développement (Ra&D) font partie du mandat de prestations des hautes écoles spécialisées (HES) prescrit par la loi. Néanmoins la tradition, le type et l'importance de la recherche varient fortement en fonction des domaines d'études. Il en va de même pour les liens avec les autres domaines de prestations que sont l'enseignement, la formation continue et les prestations de services. Les activités de Ra&D dans chaque HES s'inscrivent dans la tension entre l'orientation pratique (qui signifie le plus souvent une orientation vers le marché économique) et l'orientation vers la science (signe de leur rattachement au système scientifique). Il en découle des conflits d'intérêts entre les critères de qualité du « succès sur le marché » et de la « réputation scientifique ». En 2005, sur mandat de la Commission pour la technologie et l'innovation (CTI), B. Lepori et L. Attar (2006) ont mené une étude visant à examiner plus particulièrement les stratégies de recherche et l'organisation de la recherche au sein des hautes écoles spécialisées. Aujourd'hui, six ans plus tard, la phase de mise sur pied est en grande partie terminée. En lançant une nouvelle étude, l'Office fédéral de la formation professionnelle et de la technologie (OFFT) et la Commission fédérale des hautes écoles spécialisées (CFHES) souhaitaient faire le point sur les activités de recherche des HES, c'està- dire examiner les résultats des stratégies et de l'organisation de cette phase. Cette étude s'articule principalement autour de l'état actuel de la recherche, de ses problèmes et de ses perspectives. Structure de l'étude La recherche dans les HES se caractérise par différents facteurs d'influence (cultures disciplinaires, traditions, ancrage dans les régions linguistiques, structures organisationnelles, gouvernance, stratégies de positionnement, personnel, etc.). Dans la présente étude, ces facteurs sont systématiquement examinés selon deux dimensions: le « domaine d'études » et la « haute école spécialisée». L'analyse repose notamment sur l'exploitation de documents et de données. Mais cette étude se fonde principalement sur les entretiens menés avec les représentants des HES à différents niveaux de responsabilités. Les hautes écoles spécialisées (HES) Les entretiens avec les directions des HES ainsi que l'exploitation des données et des documents mettent en évidence la grande diversité des sept HES suisses de droit public dans leur structure, leurs combinaisons de domaines d'études et leurs orientations. Les modes de financement de la recherche varient fortement entre les HES. Concrètement, les sources de financement ne sont pas les mêmes d'une HES à l'autre (contributions des organes responsables, fonds de tiers, etc.). Les degrés et formes du pilotage concernant les contenus de la recherche diffèrent également dans une large mesure (définition de pôles de recherche, soutien cumulatif à l'acquisition de fonds de tiers), de même que les stratégies en matière de recrutement et d'encouragement du personnel. La politique de chaque HES implique des tensions et des problèmes spécifiques. Les domaines d'études Sur les dix domaines d'études, quatre ont été choisis à titre d'exemples pour des études approfondies : Technique et technologies de l'information (TI), Economie et services, Travail social, Musique, arts de la scène et autres arts. Chaque domaine d'études a été examiné à chaque fois dans deux HES. Cette méthode permet de relever les différences et les similitudes. Les résultats confirment qu'il existe des différences importantes à bien des égards entre les domaines d'études évalués. Ces différences concernent la position dans le système des hautes écoles, le volume des activités de recherche, l'importance de la recherche au sein des HES, la tradition, l'identité et l'orientation. Elles se retrouvent par ailleurs dans les buts et la place de la Ra&D dans les domaines d'études concernés. Il ressort toutefois qu'il n'y a pas lieu de parler d'une dichotomie entre les « anciens » et les « nouveaux » domaines d'études : Technique, économie et design (TED) d'une part et Santé, social et arts (SSA) d'autre part. Il semble plus pertinent de désigner le domaine d'études 4/144 Technique et TI comme le domaine dominant auquel se référent le pilotage et le financement des HES, que ce soit implicitement ou explicitement. Cadre homogène et espaces hétérogènes Le pilotage et le financement de la Ra&D au sein des hautes écoles spécialisées s'inscrivent dans un modèle-cadre fixé à l'échelle fédérale et principalement axé sur le domaine d'études Technique. Ce modèle-cadre se caractérise par un apport élevé de fonds de tiers (notamment les subventions de la CTI et les fonds privés) et des incitations en faveur de ce mode de financement, par une orientation vers le marché et par un haut degré d'autonomie des établissements partenaires/départements et instituts. Par comparaison avec les hautes écoles universitaires, les HES affichent notamment un faible niveau de financement de base dans le secteur Ra&D. Cet état de fait est certes compatible avec la forme actuelle du financement par la CTI, mais pas avec les règles de financement du Fonds national suisse (FNS). Un financement principalement basé sur les fonds de tiers signifie par ailleurs que l'orientation du contenu de la recherche et la définition de critères de qualité sont confiées à des instances externes, notamment aux mandants et aux institutions d'encouragement de la recherche. Il apparaît en dernier lieu qu'un tel modèle-cadre ne favorise pas les politiques visant à la constitution de pôles de recherche, l'obtention d'une taille critique, et la mise en place d'une coordination. Ces résultats concernent tous les domaines d'études sans avoir pour autant les mêmes conséquences : les domaines d'études se prêtant dans une faible mesure à l'acquisition de fonds de tiers sur des marchés économiques (dans cette étude, il s'agit essentiellement de la Musique, arts de la scène et autres arts, mais également du Travail social dans certains cas) ont plus de difficultés à répondre aux attentes énoncées en termes de succès et de profit. Les HES modifient plus ou moins le modèle-cadre en élaborant elles-mêmes des modèles d'organisation qui prennent en compte leur combinaison de domaines d'études et soutiennent leurs propres orientations et positionnements stratégiques. La combinaison de domaines d'études hétérogènes et de politiques différentes au sein des HES se traduit par une complexité du système des HES, beaucoup plus importante que ce que généralement supposée. De plus, au regard des connaissances lacunaires sur les structures « réelles » de gouvernance des HES, il n'est quasiment pas possible de comparer directement les hautes écoles spécialisées entre elles. Conclusions et recommandations Le principal constat qui ressort d'un ensemble de conclusions et de recommandations des auteurs est que le secteur Ra&D dans les HES doit être plus explicitement évalué en fonction des spécificités des domaines d'études, à savoir du rôle de la recherche pour l'économie et la société, des différences entre les marchés (économiques) correspondants et de l'importance de la Ra&D pour les objectifs visés. L'étude montre clairement qu'il n'y a pas à proprement parler une seule et unique recherche au sein des hautes écoles spécialisées et que la notion de « recherche appliquée » ne suffit ni comme description ni, par conséquence, comme critère d'identité commun. Partant de ce constat, nous recommandons de revoir le mode de financement de la recherche dans les HES et d'approfondir le débat sur les structures de gouvernance sur l'orientation de la Ra&D (et notamment sur les critères de qualité appliqués), de même que sur l'autonomie et la coordination. Les recommandations constituent des points de discussion et n'engagent aucunement l'OFFT ou la CFHES.

National Standards for Residential Care Settings for Older People

National Standards for Residential Care Settings for Older People The Health Information and Quality Authority (the Authority) is the statutory agency with responsibility for developing standards for health and social care services, with the exception of mental health services, and then ensuring that the standards are being met. It is the function of the Authority to set the standards for residential care settings for older people including nursing homes, inspect that they are being met and register providers that meet them. This will be undertaken by the Social Services Inspectorate within the Authority. Click here to download PDF 458kb