La infancia y la adolescencia en Cataluña: retos y propuestas para avanzar en la aplicación de la convención sobre los derechos del niño. Estudio a partir de las observaciones efectuadas por el Comité de Derechos del Niño.

[ES] El presente artículo se propone, fundamentalmente, poner de manifiesto cuáles son los principales logros y retrocesos que se han producido en materia de atención y protección a la infancia y la adolescencia en Cataluña durante los últimos años, dedicando una atención especial a los efectos derivados de la ingente producción normativa emanada de los diferentes operadores jurídicos con competencia sobre la cuestión.

Sobre Fernando Estévez y algunas esculturas del Niño Jesús. Nuevas atribuciones

[ES] La conmemoración del ccxxv aniversario del nacimiento de Fernando Estévez (1788-1854) en 2013 propició una aproximación diferente a la trayectoria de dicho artista. Este artículo recuerda las actividades organizadas entonces en La Orotava, especialmente una exposición de esculturas y documentos que tuvo varias sedes o lugares de exhibición durante el mes de marzo. Partiendo de obras contempladas entonces, se estudian otras representaciones del Niño Jesús que conservan templos del norte de Tenerife y pueden atribuírsele por cuestiones de estilo. [EN] The commemoration of 225th birth anniversary of Fernando Estévez (1788-1854) in 2013 allowed a new approach to his artistic caree. This paper recalls the activities organised in La Orotava back then, especially an exhibition of sculptures and documents in several spaces during the month of March. Based on the sculptures seen there, we can attribute to him other representations of the Infant Jesus that are preserved in churches in northern Tenerife.

El Niño southern oscillation and its effect on fog oases along the Peruvian and Chilean coastal deserts

Fog oases, locally named Lomas, are distributed in a fragmented way along the western coast of Chile and Peru (South America) between ~6°S and 30°S following an altitudinal gradient determined by a fog layer. This fragmentation has been attributed to the hyper aridity of the desert. However, periodically climatic events influence the ‘normal seasonality’ of this ecosystem through a higher than average water input that triggers plant responses (e.g. primary productivity and phenology). The impact of the climatic oscillation may vary according to the season (wet/dry). This thesis evaluates the potential effect of climate oscillations, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), through the analysis of vegetation of this ecosystem following different approaches: Chapters two and three show the analysis of fog oasis along the Peruvian and Chilean deserts. The objectives are: 1) to explain the floristic connection of fog oases analysing their taxa composition differences and the phylogenetic affinities among them, 2) to explore the climate variables related to ENSO which likely affect fog production, and the responses of Lomas vegetation (composition, productivity, distribution) to climate patterns during ENSO events. Chapters four and five describe a fog-oasis in southern Peru during the 2008-2010 period. The objectives are: 3) to describe and create a new vegetation map of the Lomas vegetation using remote sensing analysis supported by field survey data, and 4) to identify the vegetation change during the dry season. The first part of our results show that: 1) there are three significantly different groups of Lomas (Northern Peru, Southern Peru, and Chile) with a significant phylogenetic divergence among them. The species composition reveals a latitudinal gradient of plant assemblages. The species origin, growth-forms typologies, and geographic position also reinforce the differences among groups. 2) Contradictory results have emerged from studies of low-cloud anomalies and the fog-collection during El Niño (EN). EN increases water availability in fog oases when fog should be less frequent due to the reduction of low-clouds amount and stratocumulus. Because a minor role of fog during EN is expected, it is likely that measurements of fog-water collection during EN are considering drizzle and fog at the same time. Although recent studies on fog oases have shown some relationship with the ENSO, responses of vegetation have been largely based on descriptive data, the absence of large temporal records limit the establishment of a direct relationship with climatic oscillations. The second part of the results show that: 3) five different classes of different spectral values correspond to the main land cover of Lomas using a Vegetation Index (VI). The study case is characterised by shrubs and trees with variable cover (dense, semi-dense and open). A secondary area is covered by small shrubs where the dominant tree species is not present. The cacti area and the old terraces with open vegetation were not identified with the VI. Agriculture is present in the area. Finally, 4) contrary to the dry season of 2008 and 2009 years, a higher VI was obtained during the dry season of 2010. The VI increased up to three times their average value, showing a clear spectral signal change, which coincided with the ENSO event of that period.

Hydrographic Conditions Off Northern Chile During the 1996-1998 La Niña and El Niño Events

The evolution of oceanographic conditions in the upwelling region off northern Chile (18 degrees-24 degrees S) between 1996 and 1998 (including the 1997-1998 El Niño) is presented using hydrographic measurements acquired on quarterly cruises of the Chilean Fisheries Institute, with sea surface temperature (SST), sea level, and wind speeds from Arica (18.5 degrees S), Iquique (20.5 degrees S), and Antofagasta (23.5 degrees S) and a time series of vertical temperature profiles off Iquique. Spatial patterns of sea surface temperature and salinity from May 1996 to March 1997 followed a normal seasonal progression, though conditions were anomalously cool and fresh. Starting in March 1997, positive anomalies in sea level and sea surface temperature propagated along the South American coast to 37 degrees S. Maximum sea level anomalies occurred in two peaks in May-July 1997 and October 1997 to February 1998, separated by a relaxation period. Maximum anomalies (2 degrees C and 0.1 practical salinity units (psu)) extended to 400 m in December 1997 within 50 km of the coast. March 1998 presented the largest surface anomalies (> 4 degrees C and 0.6 psu). Strong poleward flow (20-35 cm s(-1) ) occurred to 400 m or deeper during both sea level maxima and weaker (10 cm s(-1) ) equatorward flow followed each peak. By May 1998, SST had returned to the climatological mean, and flow was equatorward next to the coast. However, offshore salinity remained anomalously high owing to a tongue of subtropical water extending southeast along the Peruvian coast. Conditions off northern Chile returned to normal between August and December 1998. The timing of the anomalies suggests a connection to equatorial waves. The progression of the 1997-1998 El Niño was very similar to that of 1982-1983, though with different timing with respect to seasons.

Evolution of 1996-1999 La Niña and El Niño Conditions Off the Western Coast of South America: A Remote Sensing Perspective

We present the evolution of oceanographic conditions off the western coast of South America between 1996 and 1999, including the cold periods of 1996 and 1998-1999 and the 1997-1998 El Niño, using satellite observations of sea level, winds, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll concentration. Following a period of cold SST and low sea levels in 1996, both were anomalously high between March 1997 and May 1998. The anomalies were greatest between 5 degrees S and 15 degrees S, although they extended beyond 40 degrees S. Two distinct peaks in sea level and SST occurred in June-July 1997 and December 1997 to January 1998, separated by a relaxation period (August-November) of weaker anomalies. Satellite winds were upwelling favorable throughout the time period for most of the region and in fact increased between November 1997 and March 1998 between 5 degrees S and 25 degrees S. Satellite-derived chlorophyll concentrations are available for November 1996 to June 1997 (Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor (OCTS)) and then from October 1997 to present (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS)). Near-surface chlorophyll concentrations fell from May to June 1997 and from December 1997 to March 1998. The decrease was more pronounced in northern Chile than off the coast of Peru or central Chile and was stronger for larger cross-shelf averaging bins since nearshore concentrations remained relatively high.

Satellite-Measured Chlorophyll and Temperature Variability Off Northern Chile During the 1996-1998 La Niña and El Niño

Time series of satellite measurements are used to describe patterns of surface temperature and chlorophyll associated with the 1996 cold La Nina phase and the 1997-1998 warm El Nino phase of the El Nino - Southern Oscillation cycle in the upwelling region off northern Chile. Surface temperature data are available through the entire study period. Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data first became available in September 1997 during a relaxation in El Nino conditions identified by in situ hydrographic data. Over the time period of coincident satellite data, chlorophyll patterns closely track surface temperature patterns. Increases both in nearshore chlorophyll concentration and in cross-shelf extension of elevated concentrations are associated with decreased coastal temperatures during both the relaxation in El Nino conditions in September-November 1997 and the recovery from EI Nino conditions after March 1998. Between these two periods during austral summer (December 1997 to March 1998) and maximum El Nino temperature anomalies, temperature patterns normally associated with upwelling were absent and chlorophyll concentrations were minimal. Cross-shelf chlorophyll distributions appear to be modulated by surface temperature frontal zones and are positively correlated with a satellite-derived upwelling index. Frontal zone patterns and the upwelling index in 1996 imply an austral summer nearshore chlorophyll maximum, consistent with SeaWiFS data from I 1998-1999, after the El Nino. SeaWiFS retrievals in the data set used here are higher than in situ measurements by a factor of 2-4; however, consistency in the offset suggests relative patterns are valid.

El niño cantor : aspectos musicales y fisiológicos de la voz cantada infantil

La necesidad de estudiar la voz infantil se desprende del reconocimiento de las características anatómicas y fisiológicas distintivas del órgano vocal de los niños y su relación con el entrenamiento vocal. En el presente trabajo intentaremos describir dichas peculiaridades en la voz infantil cantada y hablada para obtener una serie de pruebas objetivas que sirvan como medio de evaluación de la voz de los niños de Mendoza.

El diseño en función social : transferencia de un proyecto final de la carrera de Diseño Gráfico : sistema señalético del Hospital del Niño Jesús de la Ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán

Fil: Castro, Edgardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Artes y Diseño

Configuraciones del espacio cimarrón en La noche oscura del Niño Avilés de Edgardo Rodríguez Juliá

En la novela La noche oscura del Niño Avilés (1984) del escritor puertorriqueño Edgardo Rodríguez Juliá la presencia del espacio cimarrón ?enclave de los esclavos fugados dentro del contexto de la esclavitud y de la economía de la plantación en el Caribe? cobra un notable protagonismo dado que se instituye en ámbito simbólico atravesado por diversas manifestaciones de desborde a la vez que se presenta como espacio paradigmático que aúna prácticas vinculadas a diversas expresiones culturales afrocaribeñas. Entonces, desde la configuración del lugar cimarrón el autor construye un enfoque legitimador desde el cual reconoce y valoriza positivamente los aportes culturales de raíz africana en Puerto Rico como componentes ineludibles para reflexionar sobre el tramado de la condición puertorriqueña en tanto indagación, no clausurada en el presente, sobre una identidad insular heterogénea.

Didáctica de la Educación Física y Derechos del Niño

El presente trabajo intenta, vincular el tema de los Derechos Humanos con el Enfoque Didáctico en Educación Física, ya que, si consideramos que los niños son sujetos de derecho y que son los adultos quienes deben garantizarlos, podemos observar que habrá un espacio institucional como la escuela y ahí un espacio grupal, como son las clases, donde se llevarán a cabo una serie de acciones con la intención de enseñar que, según como sean concebidas y se desarrollen las podremos considerar respetuosas de los Derechos de los Niños, o no. Interesa ver entonces de qué manera , a veces de modo muy sutil u otras de modo más explícito , las prácticas institucionales y las clases concretamente pueden convertirse en lugares escolares donde esos derechos quedan en suspenso. Pensamos la escuela y las clases de E.F. como un espacio posible para la ampliación de derechos de los niños? Tomamos conciencia de ello? Tal vez consideramos que son los alumnos los que deben adaptarse a nuestras propuestas. La institución escolar ofrece espacios y materiales acordes a las necesidades de la tarea de enseñar? El maestro, profesor, coordinador lleva adelante prácticas que habilitan el ejercicio de los derechos de la infancia? Cómo? De qué manera? Qué modelo didáctico y qué estrategias del docente se corresponden con la intención explícita de proteger y ampliar derechos? Aquí vamos a decir que la Didáctica, no es meramente una técnica para la enseñanza provista de neutralidad, sino que es una disciplina que a la vez que busca instrumentar procesos de enseñanza, es una reflexión crítica sobre esas prácticas y desde ahí cobra un perfil político porque orienta el acceso de los alumnos a los saberes socialmente válidos. Entonces vamos a describir por un lado un punto de vista institucional, donde incluiremos aspectos curriculares, el proyecto institucional, los espacios y los materiales y por el otro un punto de vista desde el rol docente, que incluye, la propuesta pedagógica, sus intervenciones, la comunicación y sus criterios de evaluación. Ambos aspectos se conjugan para crear un marco donde el niño debería acceder a los derechos que lo asisten referidos al aprendizaje, el juego y su educación