848 resultados para Mus spretus
Resumo:
El pie de imp. consta en colofón
Resumo:
Pie de imp. consta en colofón
Resumo:
La usabilidad es uno de los aspectos más importantes de la calidad del software para sistemas software interactivos. A pesar de ello, la Ingeniería del Software (IS) se ha centrado históricamente en problemas de funcionalidad y de persistencia, relegando a un segundo plano aspectos de la interacción con el usuario, y más concretamente, de la usabilidad. Ha sido principalmente la comunidad Interacción Persona-Ordenador (IPO) la que ha propuesto recomendaciones para mejorar la usabilidad. En estudios recientes se ha encontrado una relación entre algunas de las recomendaciones de usabilidad propuestas por la comunidad IPO y la funcionalidad de un sistema software. Estas recomendaciones se conocen como Características Funcionales de Usabilidad (CFU), divididas en subtipos más especializados llamados Mecanismos de Usabilidad (MU). Estos estudios han propuesto unas Guías para la Educción de Requisitos por cada mecanismo de usabilidad (GERMU). Posteriormente, se continúan los estudios y con base al repositorio de conocimiento suministrado por las GERMUs, se proponen diseños de más bajo nivel e implementación que facilite la incorporación de un MU en un sistema software. Los resultados se formalizaron en lo que se llamo Patrón de Programación de Usabilidad (PPU). El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en evaluar el impacto debido a la incorporación de mecanismos de usabilidad en el desarrollo de un sistema software. Concretamente el MU Abortar Operación (MU AO), el MU Retroalimentación del Progreso (MU RP) y MU Preferencias (MU P), tanto a nivel de requisitos como a nivel de implementación. Para satisfacer este objetivo, en esta investigación se aborda el desarrollo de un sistema software desde la actividad de educción de requisitos hasta la implementación. Para la actividad de requisitos se hace uso de la GERMU AO, GERMU RP y la GERMU P. La construcción del sistema sigue el modelo incremental. En cada incremento se construye un conjunto de casos de uso junto con uno o varios MUs. Para incorporar cada MU en implementación, se hace uso del PPU Abortar Operación (PPU AO), PPU Retroalimentación del Progreso (PPU RP) y PPU Preferencias (PPU P). En el primer incremento se incorpora el PPU AO, en el segundo el PPU RP, en el tercer incremento PPU P, y en el último incremento, se añaden los restantes casos de uso junto con los tres PPUs al sistema. Tanto en la actividad de requisitos, como en la construcción de cada incremento se evalúa el impacto de la incorporación de tales PPUs. Cada evaluación proporciona datos que pueden dar una estimación del esfuerzo requerido para incorporar cada PPU en las distintas actividades del desarrollo del sistema. Como resultado de la experiencia del uso de los diferentes artefactos relacionados en esta investigación se obtienen propuestas de mejoras para los PPUs, y adicionalmente para las GERMUs.
Resumo:
Hybrid mice carrying oncogenic transgenes afford powerful systems for investigating loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumors. Here, we apply this approach to a neoplasm of key importance in human medicine: mammary carcinoma. We performed a whole genome search for LOH using the mouse mammary tumor virus/v-Ha-ras mammary carcinoma model in female (FVB/N × Mus musculus castaneus)F1 mice. Mammary tumors developed as expected, as well as a few tumors of a second type (uterine leiomyosarcoma) not previously associated with this transgene. Genotyping of 94 anatomically independent tumors revealed high-frequency LOH (≈38%) for markers on chromosome 4. A marked allelic bias was observed, with M. musculus castaneus alleles almost exclusively being lost. No evidence of genomic imprinting effects was noted. These data point to the presence of a tumor suppressor gene(s) on mouse chromosome 4 involved in mammary carcinogenesis induced by mutant H-ras expression, and for which a significant functional difference may exist between the M. musculus castaneus and FVB/N alleles. Provisional subchromosomal localization of this gene, designated Loh-3, can be made to a distal segment having syntenic correspondence to human chromosome 1p; LOH in this latter region is observed in several human malignancies, including breast cancers. Evidence was also obtained for a possible second locus associated with LOH with less marked allele bias on proximal chromosome 4.
Resumo:
Among the numerous centrin isoforms identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in human cells, an acidic and slow-migrating isoform is particularly enriched in a centrosome fraction. We report here that this isoform specifically reacts with antibodies raised against Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc31p and is present, as other centrin isoforms, in the distal lumen of centrioles. It is encoded by a new centrin gene, which we propose to name HsCEN3 (Homo sapiens centrin gene 3). This gene is more closely related to the yeast CDC31 gene, and shares less identity with algae centrin than HsCEN1 and HsCEN2. A murine CDC31-related gene was also found that shows 98% identity and 100% similarity with HsCEN3, demonstrating a higher interspecies conservation than the murine centrin gene MmCEN1 (Mus musculus centrin gene 1) with either HsCEN1, or HsCEN2. Finally, immunological data suggest that a CDC31-related gene could exist in amphibians and echinoderms as well. All together, our data suggest the existence of two divergent protein subfamilies in the current centrin family, which might be involved in distinct centrosome-associated functions. The possible implication of this new mammalian centrin gene in centrosome duplication is discussed.
Resumo:
tRNA splicing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires an endonuclease to excise the intron, tRNA ligase to join the tRNA half-molecules, and 2′-phosphotransferase to transfer the splice junction 2′-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD, producing ADP ribose 1′′–2′′ cyclic phosphate (Appr>p). We show here that functional 2′-phosphotransferases are found throughout eukaryotes, occurring in two widely divergent yeasts (Candida albicans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe), a plant (Arabidopsis thaliana), and mammals (Mus musculus); this finding is consistent with a role for the enzyme, acting in concert with ligase, to splice tRNA or other RNA molecules. Surprisingly, functional 2′-phosphotransferase is found also in the bacterium Escherichia coli, which does not have any known introns of this class, and does not appear to have a ligase that generates junctions with a 2′-phosphate. Analysis of the database shows that likely members of the 2′-phosphotransferase family are found also in one other bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two archaeal species (Archaeoglobus fulgidus and Pyrococcus horikoshii). Phylogenetic analysis reveals no evidence for recent horizontal transfer of the 2′-phosphotransferase into Eubacteria, suggesting that the 2′-phosphotransferase has been present there since close to the time that the three kingdoms diverged. Although 2′-phosphotransferase is not present in all Eubacteria, and a gene disruption experiment demonstrates that the protein is not essential in E. coli, the continued presence of 2′-phosphotransferase in Eubacteria over large evolutionary times argues for an important role for the protein.
Resumo:
We earlier described three lines of sex-reversed XY female mice deleted for sequences believed close to the testes-determining gene (Sry) on the Y chromosome short arm (Yp). The original sex-reversed females appeared among the offspring of XY males that carried the Yp duplication Sxr on their X chromosome. Earlier cytogenetic observations had suggested that the deletions resulted from asymmetrical meiotic recombination between the Y and the homologous Sxr region, but no direct evidence for this hypothesis was available. We have now analyzed the offspring of XSxr/Y males carrying an evolutionarily divergent Mus musculus domesticus Y chromosome, which permits detection and characterization of such recombination events. This analysis has enabled the derivation of a recombination map of Yp and Sxr, also demonstrating the orientation of Yp with respect to the Y centromere. The mapping data have established that Rbm, the murine homologue of a gene family cloned from the human Y chromosome, lies between Sry and the centromere. Analysis of two additional XY female lines shows that asymmetrical Yp-Sxr recombination leading to XY female sex reversal results in deletion of Rbm sequences. The deletions bring Sry closer to Y centromere, consistent with the hypothesis that position-effect inactivation of Sry is the basis for the sex reversal.
Resumo:
PAWP, a candidate sperm-borne oocyte activating factor, induces oocyte activation and acts upstream of the calcium signalling pathway, however, PAWP’s downstream signalling pathway in oocyte cytoplasm remains to be uncovered. Data from our lab suggested that the interacting partner of PAWP, at least in the frog (Xenopus laevis) model may be YAP, a highly expressed protein in amphibian and mammalian oocytes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to confirm that PAWP’s predominant binding partner in Xenopus laevis oocyte is YAP; to determine if mammalian oocyte activation is also dependent on PAWP-YAP interaction; and to verify that the PAWP-YAP interaction during oocyte activation is dependent on the WWI domain module. By immunohistochemistry, YAP was localized predominantly in the cytosol of metaphase II-arrested Xenopus laevis oocytes, where presumably the PAWP-YAP interaction occurs. Utilizing Far Western blotting, YAP was identified as the predominant binding partner of PAWP, in metaphase II-arrested frog (Xenopus laevis), swine (Sus scrofa) and mouse (mus musculus) oocytes. The specificity of this interaction was then tested on Far Western blotting of mouse ovarian and oocyte cytosolic extracts, by competition with both wild-type and point-mutated recombinant WWI domains derived from YAP. The removal of GST from the wild-type WWI-GST fusion protein was a requirement for effective blockage of WWI module interaction between PAWP and YAP. As expected, the mutated WWI domain was ineffective in inhibiting the PAWP-YAP interaction. To conclude, this study identified YAP as the predominant binding partner of PAWP in both amphibian and mammalian oocytes, and showed this interaction is dependent on the WWI modular interaction. The results allow us to test the functional relevance of this WWI modular interaction during oocyte activation in vivo, in the future.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION Human muscle membrane properties can be assessed in vivo by recording muscle velocity recovery cycles (MVRCs). This study was undertaken to study the effect of muscle force training on MVRC parameters. METHODS MVRCs with 1 to 5 conditioning stimuli were recorded from brachioradialis muscle before and after 2 weeks of muscle force training in 12 healthy subjects. The effects of training on relative refractory period and early and late supernormality were quantified. RESULTS Force training induced a reduction of relative refractory period (P < 0.0001), while early supernormality was increased (P < 0.02) and peaked earlier (P < 0.01). Late supernormality and the increases in late supernormality due to 2 and 5 conditioning stimuli remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Muscle force training leads to hyperpolarization of the resting muscle membrane potential, probably caused by an increase in the number of sodium pump sites. Muscle Nerve 54: 144-146, 2016.
Resumo:
[Division I. A to Cak] -- Division II. Cak to Cro -- Division III. Cro to Gri -- Division IV. Gri to Mus -- Division V. Mus to Pin -- Division VI. Pin to Ser -- Division VII. Sha to Tut -- Division VIII. Twe to Zwe.
Resumo:
Edited by C.B. Lewis. cf. Brit. mus. Cat.
Resumo:
v. 1. Etude historique. Les facsimilés du manuscrit de Cassel avec l'ancien et le nouveau classement.--v. 2. Partition d'orchestre et réduction pour le piano.
Resumo:
Original version. Not to be confused with the revised version played for the first time by the composer in Carnegie Hall, N.Y., Jan. 28, 1919.
Resumo:
OSU copy imperfect? Cover wanting.
Resumo:
Originally published , 1856, under title: The Joint stock companies act, 1856. cf. Brit. mus. Catalogue.