El Comportament electoral dels espanyols al referèndum de la Constitució Europea

Aquest paper tracta dels resultats del referèndum sobre la Constitució Europea que es va celebrar a Espanya el 20 de febrer de 2005. Hi trobem un panorama general del context en el qual se celebrà la consulta, i, a través de l’anàlisi d’enquestes postelectorals, analitza la composició del vot afirmatiu i del negatiu, la posició dels diferents partits polítics i el comportament electoral dels diversos actors socials, dividits per classe social, religió, edat, gènere, territori, etc. També hi ha una anàlisi de l’abstenció i de la participació a Espanya en aquest cas.

Planta de producción de carbonato sódico

Aquest projecte presenta el procés de producció del carbonat sòdic a partir del mètode Solvay. Aquest procés es caracteritza perquè a partir de matèries primes molt bàsiques, com són el clorur sòdic i la pedra caliça, s'obté un producte de gran mercat, el carbonat sòdic. En el projecte s'estudien tant el disseny dels equips que seràn part del procès de producció com els sistemes de control utilitzats, impactes mediambientals que es puguin generar o l'avaluació econòmica de l'acceptació del procés en el mercat, entre d'altres.

Rational design of an organometallic glutathione transferase inhibitor.

Double trouble: A hybrid organic-inorganic (organometallic) inhibitor was designed to target glutathione transferases. The metal center is used to direct protein binding, while the organic moiety acts as the active-site inhibitor (see picture). The mechanism of inhibition was studied using a range of biophysical and biochemical methods.

Las promociones gratuitas y de venta opcional en la prensa: el caso de El Periódico de Catalunya y de ADN

L’estudi es centra en el fenòmen de les promocions dins del sector de la premsa impresa i la seva repercussió en el negoci editorial des de la doble perspectiva d’un diari de pagament i un altre gratuït, prenent com a model l’activitat promocional d' El Periódico de Catalunya (2003- 2008) i d' ADN (2006- 2008).

Tragedia contemporánea y su posibilidad: Himmelweg de Juan Mayorga

Utilizando como ejemplo la obra Himmelweg, de Juan Mayorga, se pretende demostrar la existencia de la tragedia en el drama contemporáneo, estableciendo, primero, la posibilidad de un sentimiento trágico actual y, segundo, las bases de la dramaturgia contemporánea tras la crisis del drama expuesta por Peter Szondi.

Extracellular matrix components in peripheral nerve repair: how to affect neural cellular response and nerve regeneration?

Peripheral nerve injury is a serious problem affecting significantly patients' life. Autografts are the "gold standard" used to repair the injury gap, however, only 50% of patients fully recover from the trauma. Artificial conduits are a valid alternative to repairing peripheral nerve. They aim at confining the nerve environment throughout the regeneration process, and providing guidance to axon outgrowth. Biocompatible materials have been carefully designed to reduce inflammation and scar tissue formation, but modifications of the inner lumen are still required in order to optimise the scaffolds. Biomicking the native neural tissue with extracellular matrix fillers or coatings showed great promises in repairing longer gaps and extending cell survival. In addition, extracellular matrix molecules provide a platform to further bind growth factors that can be released in the system over time. Alternatively, conduit fillers can be used for cell transplantation at the injury site, reducing the lag time required for endogenous Schwann cells to proliferate and take part in the regeneration process. This review provides an overview on the importance of extracellular matrix molecules in peripheral nerve repair.

Coca-Cola: només una beguda?

Treball de recerca realitzat per una alumna d’ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l’any 2008. Entre les begudes de cola, la marca Coca-Cola és la que té millor acceptació: aquest estudi ha tractat d’esbrinar els motius que justifiquen aquesta preferència. Primerament s’ha documentat la història de la marca. En la part experimental s’ha intentat verificar algunes de les llegendes urbanes de la Coca-Cola i s’ha dut a terme una enquesta sobre el consum i el coneixement d’aquest tipus de begudes.

Estimating Phillips Curves in Turbulent Times using the ECB’s Survey of Professional Forecasters

This paper uses forecasts from the European Central Bank's Survey of Professional Forecasters to investigate the relationship between inflation and inflation expectations in the euro area. We use theoretical structures based on the New Keynesian and Neoclassical Phillips curves to inform our empirical work. Given the relatively short data span of the Survey of Professional Forecasters and the need to control for many explanatory variables, we use dynamic model averaging in order to ensure a parsimonious econometric speci cation. We use both regression-based and VAR-based methods. We find no support for the backward looking behavior embedded in the Neo-classical Phillips curve. Much more support is found for the forward looking behavior of the New Keynesian Phillips curve, but most of this support is found after the beginning of the financial crisis.

The Technological Specialization of Countries: An Analysis of Patent Data

New methods of analysis of patent statistics allow assessing country profiles of technological specialization for the period 1990-2006. We witness a modest decrease in levels of specialization, which we show to be negatively influenced by country size and degree of internationalization of inventive activities.

Obesity and smoking: can we catch two birds with one tax?

The debate on tobacco and fat taxes often treats smoking and eating as independent behaviors. However, the available evidence shows that they are interdependent, which implies that policies against smoking or obesity may have larger scope than expected. To address this issue, we propose a dynamic rational model where eating and smoking are simultaneous choices that jointly affect body weight and addiction to smoking. Focusing on direct and cross-price effects, we compare tobacco taxes and food taxes and we show that a single policy tool can reduce both smoking and body weight. In particular, food taxes can be more effective than tobacco taxes at simultaneously fighting obesity and smoking.

Mafia in the ballot box

We study the impact of organized crime on electoral competition. Assuming that the mafia is able to bring votes to the supported party in exchange of money, we show that (i) the strongest party is willing to pay the highest price to secure mafia services; (ii) the volume of electoral trade with the mafia increases with political competition and with the efficiency of the mafia. Studying in detail parliamentary elections in Sicily for the period 1946- 1992, we document the significant support given by the Sicilian Mafia to the Christian Democratic party, starting at least from the 1970s. This is consistent with our theoretical predictions, as political competition became much tighter during the 1970s and the Sicilian mafia experienced an extensive centralization process towards the end of the 1960s, which increased substantially its control of the territory. We also provide evidence that in exchange for its electoral support the mafia got economic advantages for its activities in the construction industry.

The Inventor Balance and the Functional Specialization in Global Inventive Activities

We study the functional specialization whereby some countries contribute relatively more inventors vs. organizations in the production of inventions at a global scale. We propose a conceptual framework to explain this type of functional specialization, which posits the presence of feedbacks between two distinct sub-systems, each one providing inventors and organizations. We quantify the phenomenon by means of a new metric, the “inventor balance”, which we compute using patent data. We show that the observed imbalances, which are often conspicuous, are determined by several factors: the innovativeness of a country relative to its level of economic development, relative factor endowments, the degree of technological specialization and, last, cultural traits. We argue that the “inventor balance” is a useful indicator for policy makers, and its routine analysis could lead to better informed innovation policies.

Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.