Formação de professores e pesquisa em ensino de Física em perspectiva freiriana : considerações sobre processo de problematização da prática educacional

Neste trabalho, discute-se o desenvolvimento de uma proposta educacional para a formação de professores e para a pesquisa em ensino de Física com base em pressupostos da concepção educacional dialógico-problematizadora de Paulo Freire, situando as proposições deste educador no âmbito da Educação Superior. Destacam-se os aspectos de humanização e libertação, colaboração em construção conjunta, diálogo e problematização, mudança em interpretações sobre a realidade e suas estruturas de sustentação em âmbitos individual e coletivo. Esse processo de problematização da prática educacional foi desenvolvido em 2007 e 2008 em Curso de Licenciatura em Física brasileiro. A concepção de pesquisa envolvida foi a investigação-ação educacional, com momentos de planejamento, ação, observação e reflexão. As análises apresentadas resultaram de duas reuniões entre professores da área de ensino de Física e uma reunião entre três desses docentes e estudantes de graduação. As construções conjuntas oriundas desse processo são aqui apresentadas e caracterizadas. Os resultados discutidos envolvem possibilidades e desafios para a formação de professores de Física em perspectiva freiriana e propostas de ações prospectivas associadas a essa formação.

Les Français sous les bombes alliées, 1940-1945

Plus de 517 000 tonnes de bombes sont déversées sur l’Hexagone par les alliés entre 1940 et 1945, soit près de sept fois plus que le total largué sur le Royaume-Uni par la Luftwaffe. Plus de 57 000 Français en sont morts, dont plus de 38 000 au cours de la seule année 1944. Cet aspect fondamental de l’histoire des années noires, que les survivants et les familles des victimes ne connaissent que trop bien, et qui a fait l’objet de nombreuses études locales, est encore relativement marginalisé de la « grande histoire » de l’Occupation et de la Libération. Pourquoi et comment les armées aériennes alliées ont-ils attaqué la France ? Quelles mesures ont été prises par le gouvernement de Vichy pour protéger les populations ? Comment les Alliés ont-ils justifié les attaques auprès des Français, et comment la propagande vichyssoise a-t-elle essayé de les mettre à profit ? Comment les populations civiles ont-ils vécu les bombardements, et comment se sont-elles mobilisées pour se défendre ? Comment la Résistance a-t-elle réagi à des attaques qui ne pouvaient que nuire à son audience au sein des Français, ainsi qu’à celle des « Anglo-saxons » ? Autant de questions auxquelles l’ouvrage comme le documentaire répondent, avec l’appui de documents d’archives britanniques et françaises, mais aussi de témoignages nombreux et émouvants.

Mémoire sur l’évolution de la condition féminine de 1945 à nos jours : Etude comparative d’après les ouvrages de: - Le Deuxième sexe de Simone de Beauvoir - Fausse route d’Elisabeth Badinter

Ce mémoire n’a pas la prétention d’aborder la totalité des combats menés par ces deux personnalités, Simone de Beauvoir et Elisabeth Badinter, pour la libération des femmes. Cependant, il permet de mettre en évidence, voire en parallèles les actions essentielles de deux femmes de générations différentes. Avec une même sensibilité et une pugnacité sans faille malgré les difficultés et  critiques rencontrées, elles ont permis à l’ensemble des hommes et surtout des femmes de prendre conscience des inégalités à combattre pour un meilleur « vivre ensemble ».

Dominação e educação

O objetivo fundamental deste estudo é contribuir para uma reflexão sobre os limites e possibilidades de ação dos que atuam na administração da educação. Para dirigir esta reflexão, parte-se do pressuposto básico de que a educação como um dos recursos de controle ideológico é utilizada, numa determinada formação econômica e social, como garantia de manutenção e reprodução das relações sociais vigentes e, portanto, como mais um recurso de dominação. A partir da idéia de que a educação e um dos recursos de dominação utilizada e orientada no sentido de possibilitar a reprodução da Formação Social da qual é parte constitutiva e constituente, analisa-se os procedimentos internos utilizados pelas instituições de educação para garantir e assegurar que funcionem como instrumento de controle. A análise se desenvolve no interior da Secretaria de Estado de Educação e Cultura do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da década de 70. Este estudo, em linhas gerais, pretende contribuir para uma atitude crítica capaz de superar uma prática puramente reprodutora e coersiva para construir uma pedagogia de libertação.

Aspectos constitucionais da anulação de decisão definitiva da administração pública federal no processo tributário

Cet article traite de la possibilité de proposer le Trésor à la justice pour annuler une décision administrative définitive sur les questions fiscales. Il s'agit d'un sujet qui s'oppose au principe de la vérité matérielle - qui doit prévaloir en cas d'impôt - avec une certitude morale représentée par la chose jugée administrative. Commence par le processus administratif d'impôt comme une garantie constitutionnelle du contribuable, insérée dans le panorama d une compétence adoptée dans la législation brésilienne en tant que pilier de l'Etat de droit démocratique. Met l'accent sur la position du Trésor avant l'autorité de la chose jugée administrative, ce qui démontre la fragilité de La décision finale sur les questions fiscales. Décrit les effets de la révision (ou de l'annulation) dês actes administratifs, en particulier la libération de l'impôt et de la décision administrative qui vise à le confirmer. Enfin, nous discuterons de la composition et la légitimité du contentieux administratif, en conclusion, avec le soutien de la prévalence d'un fait important dans le cãs d'impôt, est non seulement possible, mais le Trésor devrait examiner leurs propres actions si nécessaire

On the orbits of the outer satellites of Jupiter

In this work we study the basic aspects concerning the stability of the outer satellites of Jupiter. Including the effects of the four giant planets and the Sun we study a large grid of initial conditions. Some important regions where satellites cannot survive are found. Basically these regions are due to Kozai and other resonances. We give an analytical explanation for the libration of the pericenters (ω) over bar - (ω) over bar (J). Another different center is also found. The period and amplitude of these librations are quite sensitive to initial conditions, so that precise observational data are needed for Pasiphae and Sinope. The effect of Jupiter's mass variation is briefly presented. This effect can be responsible for satellite capture and also for locking (ω) over bar - (ω) over bar (J) in temporary libration.

Resonance and chaos .1. First-order interior resonances

Analytical models for studying the dynamical behaviour of objects near interior, mean motion resonances are reviewed in the context of the planar, circular, restricted three-body problem. The predicted widths of the resonances are compared with the results of numerical integrations using Poincare surfaces of section with a mass ratio of 10(-3) (similar to the Jupiter-Sun case). It is shown that for very low eccentricities the phase space between the 2:1 and 3:2 resonances is predominantly regular, contrary to simple theoretical predictions based on overlapping resonance. A numerical study of the 'evolution' of the stable equilibrium point of the 3:2 resonance as a function of the Jacobi constant shows how apocentric libration at the 2:1 resonance arises; there is evidence of a similar mechanism being responsible for the centre of the 4:3 resonance evolving towards 3:2 apocentric libration. This effect is due to perturbations from other resonances and demonstrates that resonances cannot be considered in isolation. on theoretical grounds the maximum libration width of first-order resonances should increase as the orbit of the perturbing secondary is approached. However, in reality the width decreases due to the chaotic effect of nearby resonances.

Peculiar trajectories around the Lagrangian equilateral points

In the present work we analyse the behaviour of a particle under the gravitational influence of two massive bodies and a particular dissipative force. The circular restricted three body problem, which describes the motion of this particle, has five equilibrium points in the frame which rotates with the same angular velocity as the massive bodies: two equilateral stable points (L-4, L-5) and three colinear unstable points (L-1, L-2, L-3). A particular solution for this problem is a stable orbital libration, called a tadpole orbit, around the equilateral points. The inclusion of a particular dissipative force can alter this configuration. We investigated the orbital behaviour of a particle initially located near L4 or L5 under the perturbation of a satellite and the Poynting-Robertson drag. This is an example of breakdown of quasi-periodic motion about an elliptic point of an area-preserving map under the action of dissipation. Our results show that the effect of this dissipative force is more pronounced when the mass of the satellite and/or the size of the particle decrease, leading to chaotic, although confined, orbits. From the maximum Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent a final value of gamma was computed after a time span of 10(6) orbital periods of the satellite. This result enables us to obtain a critical value of log y beyond which the orbit of the particle will be unstable, leaving the tadpole behaviour. For particles initially located near L4, the critical value of log gamma is -4.07 and for those particles located near L-5 the critical value of log gamma is -3.96. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Classical and quantal aspects of resonant normal forms

The Birkhoff-Gustavson normal form is employed to study separately chaos and resonances in a system with two degrees of freedom. In the integrable regime, tunnelling effects are appreciable when the nearest level spacings show oscillations. Tunnelling among states in the libration and rotation tori regions is also observed. The regularity of avoided crossings due to tunnelling indicates a collective effect and is associated with an isolated resonance. The spectral fluctuations also show a strong level correlation. The Husimi distribution, on the other hand, is insensitive to avoided crossings. An integrable approximation to the overlap of resonances is obtained and a theoretical description is given for an isolated cubic resonance plus a complex orbit. In the non-integrable regime chaos is stronger after overlapping and preferentially at low energies.

Resonance and chaos: I. First-order interior resonances

Analytical models for studying the dynamical behaviour of objects near interior, mean motion resonances are reviewed in the context of the planar, circular, restricted threebody problem. The predicted widths of the resonances are compared with the results of numerical integrations using Poincaré surfaces of section with a mass ratio of 10-3 (similar to the Jupiter-Sun case). It is shown that for very low eccentricities the phase space between the 2:1 and 3:2 resonances is predominantly regular, contrary to simple theoretical predictions based on overlapping resonance. A numerical study of the 'evolution' of the stable equilibrium point of the 3:2 resonance as a function of the Jacobi constant shows how apocentric libration at the 2:1 resonance arises; there is evidence of a similar mechanism being responsible for the centre of the 4:3 resonance evolving towards 3:2 apocentric libration. This effect is due to perturbations from other resonances and demonstrates that resonances cannot be considered in isolation. On theoretical grounds the maximum libration width of first-order resonances should increase as the orbit of the perturbing secondary is approached. However, in reality the width decreases due to the chaotic effect of nearby resonances.

Artificial satellites: Resonance effects produced by terrestrial tide

Effects due to resonances in the orbital motion of artificial satellites disturbed by the terrestrial tide are analyzed. The nodal co-rotation resonance, apsidal co-rotation resonance and the Lidov-Kozai's mechanism are studied. The effects of the resonances are analyzed through the variations of the metric orbital elements. Libration and circulation motions for high orbits with high eccentricities are verified for the Lidov-Kozai's mechanism.

A leitura do fantástico nos contos Ligeia de Edgard Allan Poe, e Véra, de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dinâmica e origem de asteroides de alta inclinação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dinâmica ressonante de alguns satélites artificiais terrestres no sistema Terra-Lua-Sol

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Satélites com alta excentricidade e/ou alta inclinação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)