Audit report on the Hardin County Sanitary Solid Waste Disposal Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Hardin County Sanitary Solid Waste Disposal Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Rural Iowa Waste Management Association for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Rural Iowa Waste Management Association for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Wayne-Ringgold-Decatur County Solid Waste Management Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Wayne-Ringgold-Decatur County Solid Waste Management Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Jones County Solid Waste Management Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Jones County Solid Waste Management Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Pocahontas County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Pocahontas County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Crawford County Area Solid Waste Agency Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Crawford County Area Solid Waste Agency Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Delaware County Solid Waste Disposal Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Delaware County Solid Waste Disposal Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Constraint and cost of oxidative stress on reproduction: correlative evidence in laboratory mice and review of the literature.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: One central concept in evolutionary ecology is that current and residual reproductive values are negatively linked by the so-called cost of reproduction. Previous studies examining the nature of this cost suggested a possible involvement of oxidative stress resulting from the imbalance between pro- and anti-oxidant processes. Still, data remain conflictory probably because, although oxidative damage increases during reproduction, high systemic levels of oxidative stress might also constrain parental investment in reproduction. Here, we investigated variation in oxidative balance (i.e. oxidative damage and antioxidant defences) over the course of reproduction by comparing female laboratory mice rearing or not pups. RESULTS: A significant increase in oxidative damage over time was only observed in females caring for offspring, whereas antioxidant defences increased over time regardless of reproductive status. Interestingly, oxidative damage measured prior to reproduction was negatively associated with litter size at birth (constraint), whereas damage measured after reproduction was positively related to litter size at weaning (cost). CONCLUSIONS: Globally, our correlative results and the review of literature describing the links between reproduction and oxidative stress underline the importance of timing/dynamics when studying and interpreting oxidative balance in relation to reproduction. Our study highlights the duality (constraint and cost) of oxidative stress in life-history trade-offs, thus supporting the theory that oxidative stress plays a key role in life-history evolution.

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Rathbun Area Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Rathbun Area Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Butler County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Butler County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Pocahontas County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Pocahontas County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Shelby County Area Solid Waste Agency for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Shelby County Area Solid Waste Agency for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Crawford County Area Solid Waste Agency Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Crawford County Area Solid Waste Agency Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010