Kalman滤波荧光光度法同时测定酪氨酸、色氨酸和苯丙氨酸

苯丙氨酸的荧光峰完全包含在酪氨酸荧光峰之中，酪氨酸和色氨酸的荧光峰也严重重叠。用卡尔曼滤波法解析该体系给出了令人满意的分析结果。回收率为９４．０～１０５％，相对标准偏差不大于３．６％（个别一点除外）。将试剂空白作为一个组分计算，从而免去了试剂空白扣不准给分析结果带来的影响。利用新息序列的白噪音特性来判断结果的可靠性。

荧光光度法中Kalman滤波法指示未知组分的研究

以苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸三组分体系的荧光光度分析为例,研究了Kalman滤波法指示未知组分的潜力.根据新息序列的白噪音特性,建立指示函数,并确定指示函数的临界值,指示未知组分存在;并根据相对新息序列的形状可大致估计未知组分的荧光光谱的形状和峰位.

壳聚糖辐射效应的研究（Ⅰ）──辐照剂量与分子量的关系及辐射裂解的G（S）值

通过粘度的测量，考察了壳聚糖在不同条件下经不同剂量γ射线辐照所引起的分子量的变化，并分别计算了真空和空气中壳聚糖辐射裂解的Ｇ（Ｓ）值。

聚乙烯醇－g－聚丙烯酸膜用于渗透气化法分离乙醇－水的研究

合成了聚乙烯醇－ｇ－聚丙烯酸接枝聚合物（ＰＶＡ－ｇ－ＰＡＡ），分别用ＫＯＨ、ＮａＯＨ、ＬｉＣｌ的乙醇－水溶液处理ＰＶＡ－ｇ－ＰＡＡ膜。发现离子膜用于乙醇－水的渗透气化分离可以大幅度提高分离系数，特别是用ＫＯＨ处理，分离系数可达４００。

Kalman滤波技术校正电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析中严重重叠的谱线干扰

针对ICP-AES中严重重叠谱线干扰的校正,研究了若干因素对Kalman滤波器性能的影响.减小扫描步长可以增强Kalman滤波法解析重叠谱线的能力.当重叠线对轮廓基本相同且扫描窗口内干扰元素只有一条谱线时,Kalman滤波法能分辨的重叠线对的最小峰间距为扫描步长的2～3倍.扫描窗口内较多的干扰元素谱线和重叠线对轮廓的显著差异有利于Kalman滤波器正确识别分析信号和干扰信号,可以利用这两个因素有效地分辨峰间距很小甚至完全重叠的谱线.

原子和离子的f~k与g~k的计算机解法

本文给出了原子和离子能量表达式中的库仑积分与交换积分系数f~k与g~k的计算方法,同时给出了计算中所涉及的Racah系数、U~(k)、V~(lk)和C~(k)矩阵等光谱参量的计算方法,我们用FORTRAN语言编写了关于f~k与g~k的计算机程序,只要输入与光谱项有关的量子数,即可迅速得到相应的f~k与g~k值,避免了烦琐的人工推算。

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法中Kalman滤波法解析重叠谱线的研究

考察了Kalman滤波技术校正ICP-AES中谱线重叠干扰的潜力.以新息序列的平均平方和为评价函数优化扫描光谱的峰位,消除扫描过程中可能产生的波长定位误差,从而保证滤波结果的准确性,并使实际检出限显著改善.在中等分辨率光谱仪和扫描步长为1.5pm的条件下,滤波器能有效地分辨峰间距只有4.8pm且峰形基本相同的重叠线对.对峰间距为9.8pm的重叠线对,当线背比低至0.05左右时仍能获得满意结果.连续背景用理论描述,因而样品溶液和纯组分溶液的光谱扫描无需扣除溶剂空白.

HDPE-g-PB接枝共聚物的合成及其与聚丁二烯的共混

利用~(60)Co辐照合成了HDPE与丁二烯的接枝共聚物,PE-g-PB。动态力学试验表明,它与PB较PE与PB有更好的相容性。PB含量相同时PB/PE-g-PB共混物比PB/PE共混物有较高的抗张强度和断裂伸长率。前者中两相分布较均匀,相区尺寸较小。

Cytoglobosins A-G, Cytochalasans from a Marine-Derived Endophytic Fungus, Chaetomium globosum QEN-14

Financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2010CB833802 and 2007AA09Z446) and from the National Science Foundation of China (30910103914) is gratefully acknowledged.

Transient expression of lacZ in particle bombarded Gracilaria changii (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Using a Biolistic PDS 1000/He system, healthy thalli of Gracilaria changii were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA containing the lacZ reporter gene. Transient expression of lacZ was observed in bombarded thalli under the rupture-disc pressures of 4482, 6206, 7584 and 8963 KPa, two days after bombardment. Although G. changii exhibits a slight blue background, positive expression and the background colour can be clearly differentiated. The results indicate that lacZ could be a useful reporter gene and that SV40 promoter could be an effective promoter for Gracilaria transformation.

Multi-core structure of the main part of the Kuroshio at G-PN section in the East China Sea

Sectional velocity distribution of the East China Sea Kuroshio is one of the basic points in the study of the Kuroshio. Hydrographic temperature and salinity data at G-PN section in the East China Sea from June 1955 to November 2001 are collected and properly processed to calculate the geostrophic current using dynamic height method at the transect of the Kuroshio. After analysis of calculation results, the basic current structure of the Kuroshio in its main part is examined together with scalar estimate and characters of multi- core structure, and spacial-temporal variations of current cores' position. Main result shows that (1) single-core structure, double-core structure and multi-core structure are basic forms in axial part of the Kuroshio; (2) abvious temporal variations exist in current structure of the Kuroshio; (3) the current of structure of the Kuroshio has distinctly seasonal association. The number of current cores is on the high side of core numbers in average and multi-core stucture appears in fall mostly.

扇贝大防御素和G型溶菌酶的基因克隆与重组表达

扇贝养殖是我国传统的海水养殖产业，但自1997 年以来，养殖扇贝陆续爆发的大规模死亡，不但造成了巨大的经济损失，而且严重影响了该产业的健康发展。扇贝病害的不断爆发以及病因的多样性迫切要求制定新的疾病防治措施和开发新型的抗菌物质。 从扇贝自身的免疫防御因子入手，筛选和克隆参与免疫防御的功能基因，一方面可以研究抗病功能基因在病原感染或环境胁迫条件下的表达规律，深入探讨扇贝的免疫防御机制，并可作为抗病良种选育的分子标记，指导扇贝的遗传改良和抗病品系的培育；另一方面，可对抗菌效应物实现重组表达，开发新型的病害预防治疗制剂，取代目前普遍使用的抗生素和化学药物。抗菌效应物是机体在免疫应答过程中产生的多肽类物质，对侵入生物体内的细菌、病毒具有很强的免疫杀灭作用，对抗菌效应物的研究有助于深入了解机体先天性免疫防御的机制。 本研究采用大规模EST测序方法，结合cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术，从海湾扇贝血淋巴中克隆到了大防御素基因（big defensin, AiBD）的全长cDNA序列，该cDNA全长为531 bp，其中5' 非编码区（UTR）为24 bp，开放阅读框（Open Reading Frame, ORF）含有369 bp，编码122 个氨基酸残基；随后为138-bp 的3' UTR，包括一个多聚腺苷酸信号序列（AATAAA）和ploy A尾巴。分析表明，海湾扇贝大防御素是以前体的形式合成，前体分子包括信号肽、前域和成熟肽三部分。采用Northern blot方法，以DIG标记的DNA探针检测了 AiBD mRNA在不同组织中的表达。结果发现，AiBD 基因的转录本主要在血淋巴中表达，在鳃中也有微量的表达，而在外套膜、闭壳肌、性腺及肝胰腺中检测不到杂交信号。采用QRT-PCR（quantitative real time PCR）对鳗弧菌感染后海湾扇贝血淋巴中AiBD mRNA 的表达量进行了检测，结果发现在感染后8 h 内， AiBD mRNA 的相对表达量平缓升高；随着刺激时间的增长，AiBD基因的mRNA表达量急剧增加，在刺激后16 h 和32 h 分别达到了空白组的72.3 倍和131.1 倍。为了研究海湾扇贝大防御素的抗菌活性，将其成熟肽编码区克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K并实现了重组表达。抑菌实验表明，重组AiBD具有广谱的抗菌活性，其对供试的三株革兰氏阳性菌（藤黄微球菌、溶壁微球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌）都表现出显著的抗菌活性，而对革兰氏阴性菌（鳗弧菌、亮弧菌）的抑菌活性则相对较弱；此外，重组AiBD对表达宿主也表现出杀菌活性，证明其具有抗真菌活性。 根据栉孔扇贝G 型溶菌酶基因的cDNA序列，利用构建的Genome Walking 文库获得了栉孔扇贝G 型溶菌酶基因的全长序列，该基因序列全长为8131 bp，由六个外显子和五个内含子组成。六个外显子长度分别为55 bp，60 bp，90 bp，113 bp，145 bp 和140 bp；五个内含子的长度分别为1126 bp，2161 bp，2744 bp，750 bp和592 bp；内含子的两侧都具有RNA正确剪接所必需的识别位点（GT/AG）。利用TRANSFAC 软件对栉孔扇贝G 型溶菌酶基因的5' 侧翼序列分析发现，该基因的5' 侧翼具有 TATA box 和 CAAT box 的共有序列；此外，在该基因的5' 侧翼发现了C/EBP、NF-κB、OCT-1 和 NF-IL6 等参与免疫基因激活的转录因子潜在结合位点。采用Northern blot方法，以生物素标记的RNA 探针检测了栉孔扇贝G 型溶菌酶基因在不同组织中的表达。结果发现，该基因的转录本主要在鳃、性腺及肝胰腺中表达，在血细胞和外套膜中也有微量的的表达，而在闭壳肌中检测不到杂交信号，这表明栉孔扇贝G 型溶菌酶可能兼备参与机体免疫防御和消化的功能。为了研究栉孔扇贝G 型溶菌酶的抗菌活性，将其成熟肽编码区克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K并实现了重组表达。抑菌实验表明，重组产物具有显著的抗阳性菌活性，其对供试的藤黄微球菌、溶壁微球菌表现出明显的抑制作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌未检测到抑制活性；而对革兰氏阴性菌仅表现出微弱的抑菌活性（亮弧菌和鳗弧菌），对大肠杆菌则基本无抑制活性。

Influence of filtering and biodeposition by the cultured scallop Chlamys farreri on benthic-pelagic coupling in a eutrophic bay in China

In coastal ecosystems, suspension-cultured bivalve filter feeders may exert a strong impact on phytoplankton and other suspended particulate matter and induce strong pelagic-benthic coupling via intense filtering and biodeposition. We designed an in situ method to determine spatial variations in the filtering-biodeposition process by intensively suspension-cultured scallops Chlamys farreri in summer in a eutrophic bay (Sishili Bay, China), using cylindrical biodeposition traps directly suspended from longlines under ambient environmental conditions. Results showed that bivalve filtering-biodeposition could substantially enhance the deposition of total suspended material and the flux of C, N and P to the benthos, indicating that the suspended filter feeders could strongly enhance pelagic-benthic coupling and exert basin-scale impacts in the Sishili Bay ecosystem. The biodeposition rates of 1-yr-old scallops varied markedly among culture sites (33.8 to 133.0 mg dry material ind.(-1) d(-1)), and were positively correlated with seston concentrations. Mean C, N and P biodeposition rates were 4.00, 0.51, 0.11 mg ind.-1 d-1, respectively. The biodeposition rates of 2-yr-old scallops were almost double these values. Sedimentation rates at scallop culture sites averaged 2.46 times that at the reference site. Theoretically, the total water column of the bay could be filtered by the cultured scallops in 12 d, with daily seston removal amounting to 64%. This study indicated that filtering-biodeposition by suspension-cultured scallops could exert long-lasting top-down control on phytoplankton biomass and other suspended material in the Sishili Bay ecosystem. In coastal waters subject to anthropogenic N and P inputs, suspended bivalve aquaculture could be advantageous, not only economically, but also ecologically, by functioning as a biofilter and potentially mitigating eutrophication pressures. Compared with distribution-restricted wild bivalves, suspension-cultured bivalves in deeper coastal bays may be more efficient in processing seston on a basin scale.

Effects of azadirachtin on six inorganic cation distributions in Ostrinia furnacalis (G.)

Azadirachtin (Az), as a botanical insecticide, is relatively safe and biodegradable. It affects a wide vaariety of biological processes, including the reduction of feeding, suspension of molting, death of larvae and pupae, and sterility of emerged adults in a dose-dependent manner. However, the mode of action of this toxin remains obscure. By using ion chromatography, we analyzed changes in six inorganic cation (Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) distributions of the whole body and hemolymph in Ostrinia furnacalis (G.) after exposure to sublethal doses of Az. The results showed that Az dramatically interfered with Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ distributions in hemolymph of O. furnacalis (G.) and concentrations of these five cations dramatically increased. However, in the whole body, the levels of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ significantly, decreased after exposure to Az, except that Na+ and NH4+ remained constant. Li+ was undetected in both the control and treated groups in the whole body and hemolymph. It is suggested that Az exerts its insecticidal effects on O. furnacalis (G.) by interfering with the inorganic cation distributions related to ion channels.

一种新的角加速度估计方法及其应用

首先提出了一种新的基于卡尔曼滤波及牛顿预测的角加速度估计方法,在已知电机驱动系统位置信息的情况下,利用卡尔曼滤波实时估计系统的角加速度;同时采用牛顿预测方法解决估计算法的滞后问题,进一步提高了估计加速度的响应频带．以此为基础,本文进一步分析了利用估计加速度进行反馈控制以增强系统对外扰动的鲁棒性问题,提出了加速度反馈控制策略的设计准则并分析了稳定性．在一个直接驱动机器人关节上针对上述加速度估计及控制方法进行了实验研究:将估计加速度的实验结果与实测加速度(利用加速度计)的实验结果进行了比较分析,从而定量地揭示出估计加速度及其反馈控制在实际系统中的可行性及有效性．