On sample size determination; informal report no. 2 to Systems Analysis Division, Chemical Research and Development Laboratories, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., under Contract DA-18-108-CML-7174.

Mode of access: Internet.

The 12th Informal Conference on Photochemistry, June 28-July 1, 1976 : extended abstracts.

Cover title.

Elmer Drulard, UM Swimming, coach of informal varsity team. 1920/21

(crop from team photo)

J. Jerome, UM Swimming, coach of informal varsity team. 1921/22

(crop from team photo)

Informal UM Men's Swimming Team, 1920

Back row: Adam, Smith, Uhlman, Hanson, Porter, Schwartz, Babcock, Elliott

Middle row: Gilmore (captain), Hyde, coach Durlard, Stekettee, Robert G. Yerkes

Front row: White, Hubbard, Searle, Randall

An outline of a one semester course on distribution-free statistical inference: hypothesis testing (as given at Columbia University, Autumn 1958)

Mode of access: Internet.

The contrasting roles of the informal sector in East Asian and Latin American development /

"September 1992."

Houses of the English Range and Beaver Lake, Derry, N.H. : an informal story.

Mode of access: Internet.

Journey to the end of an era, an informal autobiography,

Mode of access: Internet.

Genetic variation and inference of demographic histories in non-model species

Both long-term environmental changes such as those driven by the glacial cycles and more recent anthropogenic impacts have had major effects on the past demography in wild organisms. Within species, these changes are reflected in the amount and distribution of neutral genetic variation. In this thesis, mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA was analysed to investigate how environmental and anthropogenic factors have affected genetic diversity and structure in four ecologically different animal species. Paper I describes the post-glacial recolonisation history of the speckled-wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria) in Northern Europe. A decrease in genetic diversity with latitude and a marked population structure were uncovered, consistent with a hypothesis of repeated founder events during the postglacial recolonisation. Moreover, Approximate Bayesian Computation analyses indicate that the univoltine populations in Scandinavia and Finland originate from recolonisations along two routes, one on each side of the Baltic. Paper II aimed to investigate how past sea-level rises affected the population history of the convict surgeonfish (Acanthurus triostegus) in the Indo-Pacific. Assessment of the species’ demographic history suggested a population expansion that occurred approximately at the end of the last glaciation. Moreover, the results demonstrated an overall lack of phylogeographic structure, probably due to the high dispersal rates associated with the species’ pelagic larval stage. Populations at the species’ eastern range margin were significantly differentiated from other populations, which likely is a consequence of their geographic isolation. In Paper III, we assessed the effect of human impact on the genetic variation of European moose (Alces alces) in Sweden. Genetic analyses revealed a spatial structure with two genetic clusters, one in northern and one in southern Sweden, which were separated by a narrow transition zone. Moreover, demographic inference suggested a recent population bottleneck. The inferred timing of this bottleneck coincided with a known reduction in population size in the 19th and early 20th century due to high hunting pressure. In Paper IV, we examined the effect of an indirect but well-described human impact, via environmental toxic chemicals (PCBs), on the genetic variation of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in Sweden. Genetic clustering assignment revealed differentiation between otters in northern and southern Sweden, but also in the Stockholm region. ABC analyses indicated a decrease in effective population size in both northern and southern Sweden. Moreover, comparative analyses of historical and contemporary samples demonstrated a more severe decline in genetic diversity in southern Sweden compared to northern Sweden, in agreement with the levels of PCBs found.

Romanian street beggars in Stockholm. A conflict between global city aspirations and informal livelihoods.

This thesis is looking into the issue of Romanian street beggars in Stockholm, Sweden. In the last couple of years there was an increase in the number of beggars in the Swedish capital, while most of them seem to come from Romania. This lead quickly to a national debate. The aim of the paper is to shed some light on this issue and see why it is a problem and for whom, looking at three main stakeholders: the state, the activists and the beggars. The theoretical framework for this project is mainly based on the concept of the conflict of rationalities, with Stockholm as an aspiring global city and those which are begging as livelihood strategy. The data is collected mainly through semi-structured interviews, informal interviews and personal observations. Also, the literature review provides context and brings similar examples for a better grasp of the situation in Sweden. The results show that Stockholm sends a branded image of itself to the world, while the new type of migrant is in conflict with this view. The activists try to make the life better for the beggars which are virtually not doing anything illegal. The Swedish state opened discussions with the Romanian state, but did nothing to integrate the newcomers. In this case, the beggars share similar experience in the city.

Feria artesanal de Plaza Italia : Un lugar conflictivo para el trabajo informal

Fil: Malandra, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Feria artesanal de Plaza Italia : Un lugar conflictivo para el trabajo informal

Fil: Malandra, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.