Epoxidation of styrene on Si/Ti/SiO2 catalysts prepared by chemical grafting

Titania-silica (Ti/SiO2) and silica-titania-silica (Si/Ti/SiO2) catalysts were:prepared by chemical grafting using TiCl4 and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursors and SiO2 as support. The prepared catalysts were characterized by UV Raman and visible Raman spectroscopies, XRD and the epoxidation of styrene; Ti/SiO2: catalyst grafted with only titanium species is not very active for epoxidation using H2O2 (30%), but is active and-selective when one uses tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). The catalyst grafted at high temperatures shows better epoxide selectivity. Si/Ti/SiO2 catalyst, the titanium-silica grafted further with TEOS, is active and selective for the epoxidation of styrene using either dilute H2O2 or TBHP, possibly due to the fact that the grafting of Ti/SiO2 with TEOS modifies the coordination structure of titanium and makes the titanium sites of Si-O-Ti-O-Si species less hydrophilic. A characteristic band at 1085cm(-1) due to Ti-O-Si species is detected for the grafted catalysts by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. Reaction between TiCl4 and SiO2 at high temperatures favors the formation of Ti-O-Si species. Better activity and selectivity to epoxide,is found for the catalysts with more Ti-O-Si species. It is assumed that the active sites are the highly isolated Ti-O-Si species. For Si/Ti/SiO2 catalyst, the gas phase O-2 can participate in the catalytic oxidation of styrene when H2O2 is present ana:ii causes the formation of benzaldehyde. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Avaliação de cultivares de milho na região de Sete Lagoas, MG.

2005

Sistemas de produção de milho na região de Sete Lagoas, MG.

2006

Radiação solar em Sete Lagoas, MG.

2006

Estimativa da radiação solar global diária em Sete Lagoas, MG baseada em dados de insolação.

2008

Avaliação da incidência de organismos alvo e não alvo em milho Bt (Cry 1Ab) em condições de campo em Sete Lagoas-MG.

2009

Avaliação de sistemas de produção de milho na região de Sete Lagoas, MG.

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico de quatro tipos de sementes de milho, de acordo com a sua base genética (híbridos simples, híbrido duplo, variedade e ?milho de paiol?) sob diferentes níveis tecnológicos, variando os níveis de adubação, de densidade de semeadura e de tratamento de sementes. Essas variações de nível tecnológico foram baseadas nos níveis tecnológicos utilizados por agricultores que participam do Concurso Regional de Produtividade da Milho, coordenado pela Emater- MG na Unidade Regional de Sete Lagoas.

Estudo de avaliação econômica na recuperação de voçoroca em Lagoa Dourada, MG.

2000

Análise comparativa do meio físico e socioeconômico de três municípios com parques florestais: Araponga, Caparaó e São Roque de Minas-MG

2005

Avaliação da aptidão agrícola das terras da Zona Campo das Vertentes - MG

2006

Levantamento de reconhecimento de média intensidade dos solos da Zona Campos das Vertentes - MG

2006

The study of Ti doped ZSM-5 particles and cavities inside them

The TEM study of titanium-containing ZSM-5 zeolite before and after hydrothermal treatment was performed. The use of different TEM techniques, such as conventional TEM, HRTEM and EDX-line scans provides important information about the microscopic structure of the zeolite catalyst consisting from several phases. The hydrothermal treatment of zeolite powder leads to strong changes in the morphology of the constituting particles. They are characterized by a homogeneous structure before hydrothermal treatment while the occurrence of holes after thermal treatment was observed, These changes lead to the enrichment of zeolite with titanium which obviously enhance its catalytic activity. Some of the titanium surplus precipitates as TiO2 anatase nanoparticles within the holes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.