Polyglot reader, and guide for translation : consisting of a series of English extracts, with their translation into French, German, Spanish, and Italian : the several parts designed to serve as mutual keys /

Spanish translation.

A short and easy modern Greek grammar ; with grammatical and conversational exercises, idiomatic, proverbial phrases, and full vocabulary, after the German of Carl Wied /

Mode of access: Internet.

A Greek-English lexicon, based on the German work of Francis Passow,

Mode of access: Internet.

Chips from a German workshop.

"Letters from Bunsen to Max Muller in the years 1848-1850": v. 3, p. [407]-520,

New English-German dictionary = Neuestes englisch-deutsches Wörterbuch.

Mode of access: Internet.

Colloquial phrases and dialogues in German and English : on every topic necessary to maintain conversation; with directions for pronunciation /

Cover: Revised ed.

Latin syntax. Chiefly from the German of C.G. Zumpt.

Mode of access: Internet.

Practical rules for Greek accents and quantity from the German of P. Buttmann and F. Passow /

Mode of access: Internet.

A grammar of the idioms of the Greek language of the New Testament /

Translated form the German 4th ed., 1836, of his Grammatik des neutestamentlichen Sprachidioms.

A new Greek and English lexicon : principally on the plan of the Greek and German lexicon of Schneider : the words alphabetically arranged ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

A new Greek and English lexicon : principally on the plan of the Greek and German lexicon of Schneider, the words alphabetically arranged ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

On early English pronunciation, with especial reference to Shakespeare and Chaucer ; containing an investigation of the correspondence of writing with speech in England from the Anglosaxon period to the present day, preceded by a systematic notation of all spoken sounds by means of the ordinary printing types, including a rearrangement of F.J. Child's memoirs on the language of Chaucer and Gower, and reprints of the rare tracts by Salesburv on English, 1547, and Welch, 1567, and by Barclay on French, 1521 /

An abridgement of the 5th part was published by the English Dialect Society, 1899, in v. 24 under title: "English dialects, their sounds and homes."

A copious and critical English-Latin lexicon, founded on the German-Latin dictionary of Dr. Charles Ernest Georges.

Mode of access: Internet.

Syntactic complexity measures and their relation to oral proficiency in Japanese as a foreign language

The study reported in this article is a part of a large-scale study investigating syntactic complexity in second language (L2) oral data in commonly taught foreign languages (English, German, Japanese, and Spanish; Ortega, Iwashita, Rabie, & Norris, in preparation). In this article, preliminary findings of the analysis of the Japanese data are reported. Syntactic complexity, which is referred to as syntactic maturity or the use of a range of forms with degrees of sophistication (Ortega, 2003), has long been of interest to researchers in L2 writing. In L2 speaking, researchers have examined syntactic complexity in learner speech in the context of pedagogic intervention (e.g., task type, planning time) and the validation of rating scales. In these studies complexity is examined using measures commonly employed in L2 writing studies. It is assumed that these measures are valid and reliable, but few studies explain what syntactic complexity measures actually examine. The language studied is predominantly English, and little is known about whether the findings of such studies can be applied to languages that are typologically different from English. This study examines how syntactic complexity measures relate to oral proficiency in Japanese as a foreign language. An in-depth analysis of speech samples from 33 learners of Japanese is presented. The results of the analysis are compared across proficiency levels and cross-referenced with 3 other proficiency measures used in the study. As in past studies, the length of T-units and the number of clauses per T-unit is found to be the best way to predict learner proficiency; the measure also had a significant linear relation with independent oral proficiency measures. These results are discussed in light of the notion of syntactic complexity and the interfaces between second language acquisition and language testing. Adapted from the source document

Token codeswitching and language alternation in narrative discourse: a functional-pragmatic approach

This study is concerned with two phenomena of language alternation in biographic narrations in Yiddish and Low German, based on spoken language data recorded between 1988 and 1995. In both phenomena language alternation serves as an additional communicative tool which can be applied by bilingual speakers to enlarge their set of interactional devices in order to ensure a smoother or more pointed processing of communicative aims. The first phenomenon is a narrative strategy I call Token Cod-eswitching: In a bilingual narrative culminating in a line of reported speech, a single element of L2 indicates the original language of the reconstructed dialogue – a token for a quote. The second phenomenon has to do with directing procedures, carried out by the speaker and aimed at guiding the hearer's attention, which are frequently carried out in L2, supporting the hearer's attention at crucial points in the interaction. Both phenomena are analyzed following a model of narrative discourse as proposed in the framework of Functional Pragmatics. The model allows the adoption of an integral approach to previous findings in code-switching research.