Parâmetros sanguíneos de cavalos alimentados com concentrados lipídicos submetidos a treinos aeróbicos montados

Avaliou-se o fornecimento de concentrados com baixo e alto teor de óleo de soja a cavalos atletas, submetidos a duas intensidades de treinos aeróbicos montados, sobre a resposta metabólica de parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue, de importância ao desempenho esportivo. Foram utilizados quatro cavalos, em delineamento experimental quadrado latino, com tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x2 (duas inclusões de óleo de soja e duas rotinas de treinos aeróbicos). Os tratamentos foram compostos por teores de 5 e 15% de óleo de soja nos concentrados e duas intensidades de treinos montados por 40 e 60min, classificadas como aeróbicas. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas após o último treino de 40 ou 60min, de cada período experimental. Monitorou-se, após o exercício, os parâmetros bioquímicos, triglicerídeos (TG), colesterol total (CT), glicose (GLI) e lactato (LAC). Houve redução no teor TG (P<0,05) para cavalos consumindo 15% de óleo e treinados aerobicamente por 60 min., o CT elevou-se em função do aumento da inclusão de óleo (P<0,05), incremento LAC (P<0,05) em cavalos treinados por 60min., independente do nível de óleo ingerido (1,48mmol/L), bem como não se verificou efeito (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre GLI. Concluiu-se que, para cavalos atletas em atividade aeróbica, o oferecimento de concentrado com alto teor óleo de soja deve ser associado ao treino montado de maior intensidade.

Efeito da densidade populacional sobre desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e qualidade da carne em frangos de corte de diferentes linhagens comerciais

O trabalho foi realizado objetivando-se avaliar o efeito da densidade populacional e da linhagem sobre as características de desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de peito (perda de peso por cozimento, força de cizalhamento e pH) em frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 2.925 pintos de um dia, sexados, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 3x3x2, sendo três linhagens (Ross 308, Cobb 500 e Hybro PG), três densidades (10, 13 e 16 aves/m²) e dois sexos, com duas repetições com número variável de aves em função da densidade. A densidade afetou o ganho de peso nas fases inicial e final e no período total, sendo que a densidade de 10 aves/m² apresentou o melhor ganho de peso, porém, as densidades de 13 e 16 aves/m² não diferiram entre si. O aumento da densidade promoveu maior produção de peso vivo/m² de galpão, além de incrementar a renda bruta. No entanto, não afetou o rendimento de carcaça e das partes, bem como as características de qualidade da carne. As linhagens diferiram para ganho de peso em todas as fases e para o consumo de ração na fase final e no período total de criação, porém não diferiram para o rendimento de carcaça, apesar de diferirem para o rendimento de peito, pernas, asas, dorso e gordura abdominal, sendo que para o rendimento de pernas houve diferenças apenas entre os machos e para gordura abdominal apenas entre as fêmeas. As linhagens diferiram para perda de peso da carne de peito por cozimento, mas não para maciez e pH. O sexo das aves influenciou as características de desempenho e rendimento de carcaça, mas não a qualidade da carne do peito.

In vitro PGF2 alpha production by endometrium and corpus luteum explants from pregnant and nonpregnant diestrus bitches and placental explants from pregnant bitches

To better understand the process of slow luteal regression of the nonpregnant cycle in dogs and the acute luteolysis that occurs prepartum, the present study investigated in vitro PGF2 alpha production by the endometrium, corpus luteum and placental explants obtained at known times of the cycle from pregnant bitches (days 63, 64 and immediately postpartum; day 0 = estimated day of the ovulatory LH surge) and from nonpregnant diestrus bitches (approximately days 65, 75 and 85). Both basal PGF2 alpha production and its production in the presence of the protein kinase C (PKC) stimulator 12,13-phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) were determined. For PDBu-supplemented incubations, mean PGF2 alpha production (pg/mL/mg/6 h) by endometrium explants of the nonpregnant bitches in late diestrus was highest on day 65 (205 +/- 87) and reduced to low levels (38 +/- 17 and 11 +/- 11) on days 75 and 85, respectively. The production by corpus luteum explants from these bitches was significantly less on day 65 (46 +/- 14) than that of the day 65 endometrium explants, and was slightly increased on day 85 (103 +/- 52). The corresponding mean PGF2 alpha production by the endometrium explants of pregnant bitches was on average much greater (i.e., two to three-fold) compared to nonpregnant bitches (P < 0.01) and involved high concentrations at day 64 (1523 +/- 467) and postpartum, compared to somewhat lower levels on day 63 (830 +/- 65); luteal PGF production (165 +/- 4) was also higher than in nonpregnant bitches around day 65. For pregnant bitches, PGF production per gram of tissue in the endometrium explants was greater than for the CL or placenta explants (180 +/- 37). Therefore, the endometrium of the pregnant bitch has an increased capability to produce PGF2a immediately prepartum, which on a tissue weight basis, exceeds that of either corpora lutea or the placenta. However, assuming a larger mass of placental tissue in vivo, we inferred that the placenta may contribute substantially to peripheral PGF concentrations. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Influence of the Connector and Implant Design on the Implant-Tooth-Connected Prostheses

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate stress transfer patterns between implant-tooth-connected prostheses comparing rigid and semirigid connectors and internal and external hexagon implants.Materials and Methods:Two models were made of photoelastic resin PL-2, with an internal hexagon implant of 4.00 x 13 mm and another with an external hexagon implant of 4.00 x 13 mm. Three denture designs were fabricated for each implant model, incorporating one type of connection in each one to connect implants and teeth: 1) welded rigid connection; 2) semirigid connection; and 3) rigid connection with occlusal screw. The models were placed in the polariscope, and 100-N axial forces were applied on fixed points on the occlusal surface of the dentures.Results:There was a trend toward less intensity in the stresses on the semirigid connection and solid rigid connection in the model with the external hexagon; among the three types of connections in the model with the internal hexagon implant, the semirigid connection was the most unfavorable one; in the tooth-implant association, it is preferable to use the external hexagon implant.Conclusions:The internal hexagon implant establishes a greater depth of hexagon retention and an increase in the level of denture stability in comparison with the implant with the external hexagon. However, this greater stability of the internal hexagon generated greater stresses in the abutment structures. Therefore, when this association is necessary, it is preferable to use the external hexagon implant.

Histomorphometric evaluation of human sinus floor augmentation healing responses to placement of calcium phosphate or Ricinus communis polymer associated with autogenous bone

Background: Prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla with dental implants is often difficult because of proximity to the maxillary sinus and insufficient bone height. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures aim to obtain enough bone with an association between biomaterials and autogenous bone.Purpose: the purpose of this study was to evaluate histomorphometrically two grafting materials (calcium phosphate and Ricinus communis polymer) used in maxillary sinus floor augmentation associated with autogenous bone.Materials and Methods: Biopsies were taken from 10 consecutive subjects (mean age 45 years) 10 months after maxillary sinus floor augmentation. The sinus lift was performed with a mixture of autogenous bone and R. communis polymer or calcium phosphate in a 1:2 proportion. Routine histologic processing and staining with hernatoxylin and eosin were performed.Results: the histomorphometric analysis indicated satisfactory regenerative results in both groups for a mean of bone tissue in the grafted area (44.24 +/- 13.79% for the calcium phosphate group and 38.77 +/- 12.85% for the polymer group). Histologic evaluation revealed the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate of mononuclear prevalence that, on average, was nonsignificant. The histologic sections depicted mature bone with compact and cancellous areas in both groups.Conclusion: the results indicated that both graft materials associated with the autogenous bone were biocompatible, although both were still present after 10 months.

Interleukin-1 beta and Interleukin-6 Expression and Gene Polymorphisms in Subjects with Peri-Implant Disease

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influence of Implant Connection Type on the Biomechanical Environment of Immediately Placed Implants - CT-Based Nonlinear, Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparison of Biomaterial Implants in the Dental Socket: Histological Analysis in Dogs

Background:Bone graft procedures have been used commonly in buco-maxillo-facial surgery. For this reason, many researchers have evaluated the bone substitutes.Purpose:The present study evaluated soft and hard tissue reactions to two different hydroxyapatites HAs (synthetic HA and natural HA) and bioactive glass implanted into the sockets immediately after extraction.Materials and Methods:First and third upper and lower premolars, on both sides, were extracted from six female dogs. The alveolar sockets were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 - control (unfilled), Group 2 - filled with synthetic hydroxyapatite, Group 3 - filled with bovine bone mineral (natural HA), and Group 4 - filled with bioactive glass. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks (n = 2), 8 weeks (n = 2), and 28 weeks (n = 2) after extraction. The mandible and maxilla of each animal were removed for histological analysis to determine soft tissue reactions, newly formed bone, bone characteristics, and presence or absence of implanted materials.Results:Most particles of synthetic hydroxyapatite had bone formation on their surface, although some particles showed a layer of fibrous connective tissue. The bovine bone mineral group exhibited particles partially replaced with bone formation. The bioactive glass group showed particles with a thin layer of calcified tissue, but was absent in some specimens, suggesting complete resorption.Conclusion:All biomaterials had similar behavior. Bovine bone mineral, compared to synthetic hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass, showed a larger number of particles covered with osseous tissue. All biomaterials interfered with the socket repair process.

Percepção das condições de saúde bucal por gestantes atendidas em uma unidade de saúde no município de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a percepção das condições de saúde bucal de um grupo de gestantes, através da aplicação do índice General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo 53 gestantes que freqüentavam uma Unidade Básica de Saúde em Araraquara, São Paulo. Foi aplicado um questionário contendo questões do índice GOHAI, questões sobre a autopercepção das condições bucais e sobre as características sócio-demográficas. Por meio dos testes não-paramétricos Mann-Whitney e Kruskall-Wallis, foram determinados a associação das variáveis sociais e de autopercepção com o índice GOHAI. RESULTADOS: a percepção das condições bucais, medida pelo índice GOHAI, foi positiva e apresentou um valor médio de 31,6. Os dados subjetivos mostram que apenas 12,0% das gestantes classificaram sua condição bucal como ruim, a maioria declarou nenhum problema dentário, embora 58,7% tenha relatado distúrbios gengivais. As questões como dor e/ou desconforto foram as mais percebidas pelas gestantes. CONCLUSÕES: as gestantes fizeram uma avaliação positiva de sua condição bucal, estando o índice GOHAI associado a variáveis relacionadas à autopercepção. Tal índice pode ser aplicado em grupos populacionais como as gestantes, possibilitando medidas educativas e/ou preventivas direcionadas às suas reais necessidades.

Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) localization in the adult dog testis excurrent ducts by immunohistochemistry

Aquaporins (AQPs) are small, intrinsic membrane proteins that are present in many cell types involved in fluid transport. AQP9 is a major apical water channel that is expressed throughout the efferent ducts, epididymis, and vas deferens, as well as in other regions of the human and rodent male reproductive tract. The target of this study was to examine the expression of AQP9 in epithelial cells in the adult dog efferent ducts, epididymis, and vas deferens. Samples of dog male reproductive tract comprising fragments of the testis; initial segment, caput, corpus, and cauda of the epididymis; and vas deferens were obtained from eight adult mongrel dogs. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting procedures were used to show AQP9 localization and distribution. AQP9 expression was not detected either in dog seminiferous tubules or rete testis. However, apical labeling for AQP9 was detected in the different regions of epididymis and vas deferens, with the reaction being less intense in the caput epididymis. Thus, AQP9 is abundantly expressed in dog male reproductive tract, in which it is an important apical pathway for transmembrane flow of water and neutral solutes.

Morphometric study of Rynchotus rufescens testis throughout the year

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The dynamics of intraguild predation in Chrysomya albiceps Wied. (Diptera : Calliphoridae): Interactions between instars and species under different abundances of food

The pattern of larval interaction in blowflies confined with Chrysomya albiceps Wied. and C. rufifacies Maquart can be changed in response to the predatory behaviour of the two species to a contest-type process instead of the scramble competition that usually occurs in blowflies. Facultative predation is a frequent behaviour in C. albiceps and C. rufifacies that occurs as an alternative food source during the larval stage. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of intraguild predation by C. albiceps on other fly species in order to analyse interspecific and intraspecific survival in C. albiceps, C. megacephala and C macellaria Fabricius. The experimental design of the study allowed us to evaluate how factors such as species, density and abundance of food influenced the survival of the calliphorid species. When C albiceps was confined with C megacephala or C macellaria, only adults of C albiceps survived at different larval densities and abundance of food. In addition, the survival of C albiceps was higher in two-species experiments when compared to single species experiments. The implications of these results for the dynamics of C albiceps were discussed.

Ecological modeling and pest population management: a possible and necessary connection in a changing world

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

EFFECTS of CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DURING RESISTANCE TRAINING on MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN (MHC) EXPRESSION IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Population dynamics, life stage and ecological modeling in Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)