Aplicação da moderna teoria do Portfólio em ativos não financeiros

The Markowitz's objective functions, Value-at-Risk and Conditional Value-at-Risk, are largely used tools in the financial Market for portfolio optimization. This paper tries to analyze these functions having as a target to adapt them for application in non-financial assets portfolios. The paper uses as an example the Electricity Market to analyze and optimize a fictitious investment portfolio of a possible electric power utility. Showing that, besides being possible, which considerations must be taken and which analysis must be made to apply the Modern Portfolio Theory in the non-financial universe

Treatment of Dyslipidemia with Statins and Physical Exercises: Recent Findings of Skeletal Muscle Responses

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Vivências sobre a doença de Alzheimer na Unesp: Diálogo entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Envelhecimento ativo de professores de um programa de atividades físicas da UnATI/ESALQ/USP

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Efeito do nível de atividade física nas concentrações da ADAM 10 em sujeitos com doença de Alzheimer e saudáveis

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Biomarcadores cardíacos em cães com degeneração mixomatosa da valva mitral submetidos a um programa de condicionamento físico

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

As perspectivas dos alunos de 8º e 9º anos em relação à educação física escolar em uma escola pública

A problemática desta pesquisa gira em torno do fenômeno do crescente desinteresse e desmotivação dos alunos, em relação às aulas de Educação Física, já constatado em muitos estudos. Desse modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar compreender as perspectivas dos alunos dos 8º e 9º anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública, em relação à educação física escolar, nos seguintes aspectos: como avaliam as suas aulas; quais seus (des) interesses e (des) motivações diante delas; que importância atribuem à educação física; que expectativas possuem em relação a ela. Foi utilizado um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas, respondido por 81 alunos escolhidos aleatoriamente. Os resultados indicam que os alunos gostam das aulas de educação física, mas lhe atribuem menor importância diante de outras disciplinas. Também apontam para a pouca diversidade de conteúdos nas aulas de educação física e pouca atenção do professor para as estratégias de ensino que poderiam motivar mais os alunos, o que contribui para o desinteresse. Conclui-se que a motivação intrínseca às atividades da educação física não vem sendo bem aproveitada, diminuindo a contribuição da disciplina para a formação educativa dos alunos, embora o professor não possa, sozinho, ser responsabilizado por esta situação

Movimento jogo e brincadeira na educação infantil: as expectativas das famílias

Childhood is a theme that has attracted many controversies and discussions, and winning approaches to the increasingly large over time: biological, psychological, educational, welfare and, more recently, sociological. It is known that the movement, play and game activities are important recurrent and integral development of children, and should be present prominently in early childhood institutions. Based on these assumptions is that this study aimed to analyze the didactic-pedagogical principles postulated by the law, official guidelines didactic teaching and literature, with regard to meeting the needs of children in early childhood education. Unveiling the expectations of the families responsible for children in relation to early childhood education, especially with regard to movement, and play games and compare to what extent these expectations turn away or close to the guidelines on teaching and pedagogical movement, games and postulated in official documents, legislation and literature. To this end, we carried out literature search, selection and analysis of texts relevant to the understanding of the theme. Fieldwork was conducted in a Municipal School of Early Childhood Education Full-time (Emei) of Bauru/SP, and involved the analysis of the Political-Pedagogical Project of the institution, semi-structured interviews with five teachers and five children in the family responsible for Garden II (ages 5 to 6 years). Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis of Bardin and triangulated by the confrontation of literature/legislation, the Pedagogical Political Project of the institution and the expectations of families/guardians. We also realize that the Pedagogical Political Project of EMEI is in routine activities with the children, movement, and play the game are covered and are worked. According to teachers interviewed they assist in learning other areas of work (Oral and Written Language, Nature and Society, etc.) learning of moral...

Efeitos preventivos do treinamento físico na expressão das proteínas Cox-2 e Vegf de ratos tratados com dexametasona

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used to treat allergic and inflammatory processes. This drug is used in three main situations, are used to contain acute or chronic inflammatory processes, or like immunosuppressive drug's. In these cases the patient will receive high doses for a chronic period and, therefore, has a much greater chance of adverse side effects, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Dexamethasone promotes deleterious effects on the arachidonic acid pathway, when administered in high doses, because it is a potent anti-inflammatory drug. We recently demonstrated that dexamethasone significantly reduces the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in both skeletal muscle and heart, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Meanwhile, exercise has been shown to be effective against high blood pressure, diabetes and dyslipidemia, promoting, among other factors, the increase in VEGF and angiogenesis. One possible explanation for these effects would be the creation of new vessels mediated by inflammation, or by the stimulation of the formation of products of the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and VEGF, by increasing the stimulation of the enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2). Little is known about the preventive effects of training on the action of dexamethasone in the arachidonic acid pathway. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether aerobic exercise training, performed before and concomitant treatment with dexamethasone, was able to prevent the effects of the dexamethasone in the protein expression of COX-2 and VEGF. For this, we used young Wistar rats (n = 40) which were randomly divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary and treated with dexamethasone (SD), trained control (TC) and trained and treated with dexamethasone (TD). These rats performed aerobic exercise training, 60% of maximum capacity, 5

Efeitos preventivos do exercício físico sobre as proteínas ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) e fator de crescimento de vasos derivado do endotélio (VEGF) no músculo cardíaco em ratos tratados com dexametasona

Dexamethasone (DEXA) is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used in the handling of several drugs, for its proven benefits in fighting inflammation and allergies. Despite their benefits, their chronic use leads to several side effects that include changes in the body in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Moreover, being an anti-inflammatory, acts on the arachidonic acid pathway, reducing the expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and growth factor derived from the endothelium of blood vessels (VEGF) in various tissues. However, its effects on the myocardium are still uncertain. The physical training (PT), in turn, promotes effects contrary to those caused by chronic use of DEXA, however, little is known about the preventive effects of TF in the side effects of Dexa in the myocardium. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the TF has the ability to prevent and/or mitigate the effects of Dexa in protein expression of COX-2 and VEGF in the myocardium. Forty animals were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary treated with Dexa (SD), trained control (TC) and Trained treated with Dexa (TD) and submitted to a protocol of physical training on the treadmill for 70 days (1 h/day-5 days per week, 60% of physical capacity) or kept sedentary. Over the past 10 days, rats were treated with Dexa (Decadron, 0.5 mg/kg per day, ip) or saline. During training the animals were weighed weekly and during treatment daily. At the end of treatment was made to measure fasting glucose levels of animals. The rats were killed with excess anesthesia and cardiac muscle was removed, weighed, homogenized, centrifuged and stored at -20° C for analysis of protein expression of VEGF and COX-2 by Western blotting technique. Treatment with dexamethasone caused a weight loss of 18% in sedentary animals and 13% in trained as well as elevated levels of fasting glucose in sedentary (88%). The TF was unable to mitigate the loss in...

Efeitos preventivos do exercício físico na expressão da miostatina em ratos tratados com Dexametasona

Muscle atrophy is always associated with Dexamethasone (Dexa) treatment, however the mechanisms are not completely understood. This study investigated the effects of Dexa on myostatin and p70S6K protein expression and if previous exercise training (T) can attenuate these effects. Eighty rats were distributed into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary treated with Dexa (SD; 0,5 mg/kg per day, i.p., 10 days), trained control (TC) and trained treated with Dexa (TD) and underwent a training period where they were either submitted to a running protocol (60% of physical capacity, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) or kept sedentary. After T period, animals underwent Dexa treatment concomitant with training. Western Blot was performed to identify myostatin and p70S6k protein expression in the tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscle. Ten days of Dexa treatment increased fasting glucose (SD=+62%), however previous T attenuated this increase (TD=+20%, p<0.05). Dexa determined significant decrease in body weight in TD (-22%) and SD (-25%), followed by TA weight reduction in SD (-23%) and TD (-20%). Previous training could not avoid these decreases. Myostatin protein expression was not altered by dexa treatment or training in TA muscle but in SOL muscle it was significantly modified after T, regardless of treatment (TC=+%23 and TD=+25) compared with their respective controls. The protein p70S6K was not modified neither by dexa nor training in any of the analyzed muscle or condition. The results of this study allowed us to conclude that previous training attenuates the hyperglycemia induced by Dexa, however it did not prevent the body or muscle weight reductions. Even in the presence of muscle atrophy, the expression of myostatin and p70S6K do not justify the mechanisms of muscle loss induced by Dexa, which suggests that other catabolic or anabolic proteins could be involved in the process of muscle atrophy after 10 days of treatment with Dexa

Variação aguda da frequência cardíaca durante série de hipertrofia para grupo flexor e extensor do cotovelo

Currently individuals are affected by a routine busy and they don't have time for physical activity, highlighting the sedentary lifestyle, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, it focuses too much on cardiovascular diseases and the importance of physical practice. With the largest divulgation and variety of physical activities, activities that were not as practiced became popular, as is the case of resistive exercise. Much is said of the influence of resistance exercise in physical strength, in muscle development and in the quest for a more defined body. However, studies have shown beneficial contributions of resistance exercise on the cardiovascular system. During the physical effort, some changes occur in the body in order to meet the increased demand for oxygen. Among them is the increase in heart rate (HR), which varies with the intensity of effort. Thus, this research sought to contribute with an analysis of the HR behavior before, during and after 3 sets of hypertrophy, as far for the flexor group of the elbow as to the extensor group. It was observed that, although the HR has increased in the course of the series, the variations of HR were not significant between the flexor group and extensor group of the elbow joint. Also were not significant the differences between the variations of the HR from the 1ª to the 2ª series between the flexor group and extensor group, as well as to the variations from the 2ª to the 3ª series

Natação e desenvolvimento motor em idade escolar

Swimming is a sport well suited to any age group, it worked properly when the individual stimuli that provides assist in human development. But water stimulation, is not something that is so easily in physical education in Brazil. Development corresponds to changes that occur throughout life, but that depends on the stimuli provided. Several studies have shown positive effects of swimming in relation to the child. This study aimed to verify if children swimmers and physical education classes have better motor development than those who do not practice the sport. Collection was done with two groups of 10 students between 9 and 11 years. As a group consisting of non-swimmers, and another formed by those that complement the physical education class with the regular practice of swimming. To develop the study was administered a battery of the proposed motor adapted Rosa Neto (2002) in which each child performed tasks corresponding to their chronological age (CA) and were only able to perform the task at a later age, when it was obtained successful in completing the task as originally proposed. At the end of the application of all statistical tests was done getting mean and standard deviation of the old motor (IM), calculated the ratio General Motor (MGQ) for the classification of the child's motor development and application of the t test with p <0.05 to observe the level of significance in the results. The results showed that the group swimmers had better agility tests which resulted in a difference between (IC) and (IM) higher compared with the non-practitioner. They also had higher average (MGQ), but these were not sufficient to classify the group into another level of development, however, by observing isolated cases, two children that practice would be a greater level of development. Through the t test was observed that the group swimmers had significant difference in balance ability. We conclude that the swimming group got positive overall...

Movimento dos olhos e controle postural

The control of stances such as the upright stance seems not to have a purpose in itself; this control could facilitate the execution of other simultaneous tasks, the so-called suprapostural tasks. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of saccadic eye movements on the control of posture. Twelve adult participants had their body oscillations analyzed while standing upright, for 70 s, in the postural conditions of feet apart and feet together, performing fixation in the central target or horizontal saccadic movements, in the conditions slow (0,5 Hz) and fast (1,1 Hz). The results showed that saccadic movements, independently of their frequency, strongly reduced trunk and head oscillations in the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. In this axis, there was an effect of feet position only in head oscillation. In the medio-lateral (ML) axis, the results showed a strong effect of feet position with body oscillation decreased in the condition of feet apart. The effect of the visual task in the ML axis occurred only for trunk oscillation, not reaching significance level in the pairewise comparisons. In the AP axis, the data corroborate a facilitatory explanation of the control of posture: the reduction in body oscillation limited the variations of the stimulus image projected on the retina, facilitating the execution of saccadic movements as compared to fixation. In the ML axis, the effect of reducing the basis of support was more evident than the effect of saccadic movements, suggesting that the available resources were used primarily for the postural task in detriment of the visual task. Additionally, aspects like attentional focus and sensory information pick up are discussed as mechanisms involved in this task

Controle visual da freada em ciclistas: efeitos da incerteza em situação de curva

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the visual control of braking a bicycle when the cyclist is surprised by an obstacle in his way. According to Lee (1976), visually controlled braking based on time to collision information utilizes the optic variables tau and its first derivative in time, tau-dot, to initiating the braking action and regulating its intensity. Seven young adults performed a bicycle braking task in curvilinear trajectory under distinct velocity (high, medium, and low) and uncertainty (certainty and uncertainty) conditions. Results showed that, independently of velocity and uncertainty levels, participants utilized tau and tau-dot to initiating and regulating the braking action, avoiding collision with the obstacle. Cognitive, attentional, and other psychological factors resulting from both increased velocity and uncertainty were not capable of altering the use of time to collision information, corroborating the tested hypothesis