Fluxo gênico, estrutura genética espacial intrapopulacional e sistema de reprodução hierárquico entre e dentro de frutos em uma pequena população isolada de Genipa americana L., utilizando marcadores microssatélites

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

A origem de populações emergentes do patógeno da queima-da-folha (Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA) da Urochloa spp. na Amazônia e seu potencial de adaptação a outros agroecossistemas brasileiros

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Diversidade clínica, epidemiológica e Genética do Mycobacterium tuberculosis na região Noroeste paulista

Pós-graduação em Genética - IBILCE

Evidence for temporal population replacement and the signature of ecological adaptation in a major Neotropical malaria vector in Amazonian Peru

The major Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, was reintroduced into the Iquitos, Loreto, Peru area during the early 1990s, where it displaced other anophelines and caused a major malaria epidemic. Since then, case numbers in Loreto have fluctuated, but annual increases have been reported since 2012. The population genetic structure of An. darlingi sampled before and after the introduction of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) was investigated to test the hypothesis of temporal population change (2006 vs. 2012). Current samples of An. darlingi were used to test the hypothesis of ecological adaptation to human modified (highway) compared with wild (riverine) habitat, linked to forest cover. In total, 693 An. darlingi from nine localities in Loreto, Peru area were genotyped using 13 microsatellite loci. To test the hypothesis of habitat differentiation in An. darlingi biting time patterns, HBR and EIR, four collections of An. darlingi from five localities (two riverine and three highway) were analysed. Analyses of microsatellite loci from seven (2006) and nine settlements (2012-2014) in the Iquitos area detected two distinctive populations with little overlap, although it is unclear whether this population replacement event is associated with LLIN distribution or climate. Within the 2012-2014 population two admixed subpopulations, A and B, were differentiated by habitat, with B significantly overrepresented in highway, and both in near-equal proportions in riverine. Both subpopulations had a signature of expansion and there was moderate genetic differentiation between them. Habitat and forest cover level had significant effects on HBR, such that Plasmodium transmission risk, as measured by EIR, in peridomestic riverine settlements was threefold higher than in peridomestic highway settlements. HBR was directly associated with available host biomass rather than forest cover. A population replacement event occurred between 2006 and 2012-2014, concurrently with LLIN distribution and a moderate El Niño event, and prior to an increase in malaria incidence. The likely drivers of this replacement cannot be determined with current data. The present-day An. darlingi population is composed of two highly admixed subpopulations, which appear to be in an early stage of differentiation, triggered by anthropogenic alterations to local habitat.

The urochloa foliar blight and collar rot pathogen rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA emerged in South America via a host shift from rice

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diversidade genética e constituição química dos óleos essenciais de populações de Lychnophora ericoides mart. e Lychnophora pinaster Mart

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C: diversidade genética e química de populações

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Estrutura da população e epidemiologia de Moniliophthora roreri no Magdalena Medio Colombiano

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo hierárquico do sistema de reprodução entre e dentro de frutos, fluxo de pólen e estrutura genética espacial em um fragmento e em árvores isoladas na pastagem de hymenaea stigonocarpa mart. ex hayne na região de cerrado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da diversidade genética e química e produção do epímero do ácido caurenóico em calos de croton antisyphiliticus mart

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Landscape Genetics of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Associated with Ridges and Valleys of Pennsylvania: Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination Programs

Raccoons are the reservoir for the raccoon rabies virus variant in the United States. To combat this threat, oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs are conducted in many eastern states. To aid in these efforts, the genetic structure of raccoons (Procyon lotor) was assessed in southwestern Pennsylvania to determine if select geographic features (i.e., ridges and valleys) serve as corridors or hindrances to raccoon gene flow (e.g., movement) and, therefore, rabies virus trafficking in this physiographic region. Raccoon DNA samples (n = 185) were collected from one ridge site and two adjacent valleys in southwestern Pennsylvania (Westmoreland, Cambria, Fayette, and Somerset counties). Raccoon genetic structure within and among these study sites was characterized at nine microsatellite loci. Results indicated that there was little population subdivision among any sites sampled. Furthermore, analyses using a model-based clustering approach indicated one essentially panmictic population was present among all the raccoons sampled over a reasonably broad geographic area (e.g., sites up to 36 km apart). However, a signature of isolation by distance was detected, suggesting that widths of ORV zones are critical for success. Combined, these data indicate that geographic features within this landscape influence raccoon gene flow only to a limited extent, suggesting that ridges of this physiographic system will not provide substantial long-term natural barriers to rabies virus trafficking. These results may be of value for future ORV efforts in Pennsylvania and other eastern states with similar landscapes.

Estudo da diversidade genética e química e produção do epímero do ácido caurenóico em calos de croton antisyphiliticus mart

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

A molecular linkage map for Drosophila mediopunctata confirms synteny with Drosophila melanogaster and suggests a region that controls the variation in the number of abdominal spots

The classic approach to gene discovery relies on the construction of linkage maps. We report the first molecular-based linkage map for Drosophila mediopunctata, a neotropical species of the tripunctata group. Eight hundred F2 individuals were genotyped at 49 microsatellite loci, resulting in a map that is approximate to 450 centimorgans long. Five linkage groups were detected, and the species' chromosomes were identified through cross-references to BLASTn searches and Muller elements. Strong synteny was observed when compared with the Drosophila melanogaster chromosome arms, but little conservation in the gene order was seen. The incorporation of morphological data corresponding to the number of central abdominal spots on the map was consistent with the expected location of a genomic region responsible for the phenotype on the second chromosome.

Mating system parameters at hierarchical levels of fruits, individuals and populations in the Brazilian insect-pollinated tropical tree, Tabebuia roseo-alba (Bignoniaceae)

For many tree species, mating system analyses have indicated potential variations in the selfing rate and paternity correlation among fruits within individuals, among individuals within populations, among populations, and from one flowering event to another. In this study, we used eight microsatellite markers to investigate mating systems at two hierarchical levels (fruits within individuals and individuals within populations) for the insect pollinated Neotropical tree Tabebuia roseo-alba. We found that T. roseo-alba has a mixed mating system with predominantly outcrossed mating. The outcrossing rates at the population level were similar across two T. roseo-alba populations; however, the rates varied considerably among individuals within populations. The correlated paternity results at different hierarchical levels showed that there is a high probability of shared paternal parentage when comparing seeds within fruits and among fruits within plants and full-sibs occur in much higher proportion within fruits than among fruits. Significant levels of fixation index were found in both populations and biparental inbreeding is believed to be the main cause of the observed inbreeding. The number of pollen donors contributing to mating was low. Furthermore, open-pollinated seeds varied according to relatedness, including half-sibs, full-sibs, self-sibs and self- half-sibs. In both populations, the effective population size within a family (seed-tree and its offspring) was lower than expected for panmictic populations. Thus, seeds for ex situ conservation genetics, progeny tests and reforestation must be collected from a large number of seed-trees to guarantee an adequate effective population in the sample.

Evaluation of the genetic diversity of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum isolates from north-eastern Brazil

Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, there has been a significant increase in the number of histoplasmosis cases in Ceara, a state in north-east Brazil. The lack of epidemiological data on the genotypes circulating in the north-east region shows the importance of more detailed studies on the molecular epidemiology of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in this region. Different molecular techniques have been used to better characterize the genetic profile of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum strains. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic diversity of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum isolates in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceara, through the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 region, and establish the molecular profile of these isolates, along with strains from south-east Brazil, by RAPD analysis, featuring the different clusters in those regions. The isolates were grouped into two clusters. Cluster 1 included strains from the south-east and north-east regions with separation of isolates into three distinct subgroups (subgroups 1a, 1 b and 1 c). Cluster 2 included only samples from north-east Brazil. Sequencing of the ITS1 -5.8S-ITS2 region allowed the detection of two major clades, which showed geographical correlation between them and their subgroups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the H. capsulatum var. capsulatum isolates from Ceara have a high degree of genetic polymorphism. The molecular data also confirm that populations of this fungus are composed of different genotypes in Brazil and worldwide.