Energy-momentum tensor in thermal strong-field QED with unstable vacuum

Themean value of the one-loop energy-momentum tensor in thermal QED with an electric-like background that creates particles from vacuum is calculated. The problem is essentially different from calculations of effective actions ( similar to the action of Heisenberg-Euler) in backgrounds that respect the stability of vacuum. The role of a constant electric background in the violation of both the stability of vacuum and the thermal character of particle distribution is investigated. Restrictions on the electric field and the duration over which one can neglect the back-reaction of created particles are established.

Shock wave formation in hot nuclear matter

Assuming that nuclear matter can be treated as a perfect fluid, we study the propagation of perturbations in the baryon density at high temperature. The equation of state is derived from the non-linear Walecka model. The expansion of the Euler and continuity equations of relativistic hydrodynamics around equilibrium configurations lead to the breaking wave equation for the density perturbation. We solve it numerically for this perturbation and follow the propagation of the initial pulses.

ENO adaptive method for solving one-dimensional conservation laws

In this work an efficient third order non-linear finite difference scheme for solving adaptively hyperbolic systems of one-dimensional conservation laws is developed. The method is based oil applying to the solution of the differential equation an interpolating wavelet transform at each time step, generating a multilevel representation for the solution, which is thresholded and a sparse point representation is generated. The numerical fluxes obtained by a Lax-Friedrichs flux splitting are evaluated oil the sparse grid by an essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) approximation, which chooses the locally smoothest stencil among all the possibilities for each point of the sparse grid. The time evolution of the differential operator is done on this sparse representation by a total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta method. Four classical examples of initial value problems for the Euler equations of gas dynamics are accurately solved and their sparse solutions are analyzed with respect to the threshold parameters, confirming the efficiency of the wavelet transform as an adaptive grid generation technique. (C) 2008 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Boundary and internal conditions for adjoint fluid-flow problems

The ever-increasing robustness and reliability of flow-simulation methods have consolidated CFD as a major tool in virtually all branches of fluid mechanics. Traditionally, those methods have played a crucial role in the analysis of flow physics. In more recent years, though, the subject has broadened considerably, with the development of optimization and inverse design applications. Since then, the search for efficient ways to evaluate flow-sensitivity gradients has received the attention of numerous researchers. In this scenario, the adjoint method has emerged as, quite possibly, the most powerful tool for the job, which heightens the need for a clear understanding of its conceptual basis. Yet, some of its underlying aspects are still subject to debate in the literature, despite all the research that has been carried out on the method. Such is the case with the adjoint boundary and internal conditions, in particular. The present work aims to shed more light on that topic, with emphasis on the need for an internal shock condition. By following the path of previous authors, the quasi-1D Euler problem is used as a vehicle to explore those concepts. The results clearly indicate that the behavior of the adjoint solution through a shock wave ultimately depends upon the nature of the objective functional.

EQUIVARIANT PATH FIELDS ON TOPOLOGICAL MANIFOLDS

A classical theorem of H. Hopf asserts that a closed connected smooth manifold admits a nowhere vanishing vector field if and only if its Euler characteristic is zero. R. Brown generalized Hopf`s result to topological manifolds, replacing vector fields with path fields. In this note, we give an equivariant analog of Brown`s theorem for locally smooth G-manifolds where G is a finite group.

On cohomologies and extensions of cyclic groups

Cohomology groups H(s)(Z(n), Z(m)) are studied to describe all groups up to isomorphism which are (central) extensions of the cyclic group Z(n) by the Z(n)-module Z(m). Further, for each such a group the number of non-equivalent extensions is determined. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lie algebra methods for the applications to the statistical theory of turbulence

Approximate Lie symmetries of the Navier-Stokes equations are used for the applications to scaling phenomenon arising in turbulence. In particular, we show that the Lie symmetries of the Euler equations are inherited by the Navier-Stokes equations in the form of approximate symmetries that allows to involve the Reynolds number dependence into scaling laws. Moreover, the optimal systems of all finite-dimensional Lie subalgebras of the approximate symmetry transformations of the Navier-Stokes are constructed. We show how the scaling groups obtained can be used to introduce the Reynolds number dependence into scaling laws explicitly for stationary parallel turbulent shear flows. This is demonstrated in the framework of a new approach to derive scaling laws based on symmetry analysis [11]-[13].

Coincidence Wecken homotopies versus Wecken homotopies relative to a fixed homotopy in one of the maps

We study the 1-parameter Wecken problem versus the restricted Wecken problem, for coincidence free pairs of maps between surfaces. For this we use properties of the function space between two surfaces and of the pure braid group on two strings of a surface. When the target surface is either the 2-sphere or the torus it is known that the two problems are the same. We classify most pairs of homotopy classes of maps according to the answer of the two problems are either the same or different when the target is either projective space or the Klein bottle. Some partial results are given for surfaces of negative Euler characteristic. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Accurate velocity reconstruction for Discontinuous Galerkin approximations of two-phase porous media flows

We consider Discontinuous Galerkin approximations of two-phase, immiscible porous media flows in the global pressure/fractional flow formulation with capillary pressure. A sequential approach is used with a backward Euler step for the saturation equation, equal-order interpolation for the pressure and the saturation, and without any limiters. An accurate total velocity field is recovered from the global pressure equation to be used in the saturation equation. Numerical experiments show the advantages of the proposed reconstruction. To cite this article: A. Ern et al., C R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. 1347 (2009). (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A computational comparison of different algorithms for very large p-median problems

In this paper, we propose a new method for solving large scale p-median problem instances based on real data. We compare different approaches in terms of runtime, memory footprint and quality of solutions obtained. In order to test the different methods on real data, we introduce a new benchmark for the p-median problem based on real Swedish data. Because of the size of the problem addressed, up to 1938 candidate nodes, a number of algorithms, both exact and heuristic, are considered. We also propose an improved hybrid version of a genetic algorithm called impGA. Experiments show that impGA behaves as well as other methods for the standard set of medium-size problems taken from Beasley’s benchmark, but produces comparatively good results in terms of quality, runtime and memory footprint on our specific benchmark based on real Swedish data.

Vibrações naturais em um sistema de interação viga-água incluindo o efeito de onda de superfície

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo modal de um sistema estruturafluído, modelado pela equação de Euler-Bernoulli, para uma viga elástica, sujeita a pressão da água, e por ondas de superfície livre. O sistema acoplado possui condições para o domínio sólido (viga fixa-livre), para o domínio fluído (impermeabilidade e rigidez inferior), com ondas de superfície, e de interfacec fluido-estrutura (condições de continunidade na deflexão, ângulo de rotação, força de corte interno e momento de curvatura). Para deteerminar as vibrações livres e deslocamento no seco e no molhado, utiliza-se o método espectral para eliminar a dependência oscilatória temporal e concentrar-se na determinação dos modos através do estudo de problemas de contornos espaciais. Os modos podem ser calculados com o uso da base clássica de Euler ou da base dinâmica gerada pela resposta impulso. Foram feitas simulações para um material específico, e apresentados os resultados obtidos.

Vibrações naturais em um sistema de interação viga-água sem o efeito de onda de superfície livre

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre o comportamento dinâmico de sistemas flexíveis com interação viga-água. Especificamente, é escolhida uma barragem freqüentemente encontrada em problemas de engenharia de irrigação e represas. O modelo matemático utilizado para descrever tal fenômeno tem como variáveis principais a pressão hidrodinâmica e os deslocamentos horizontais da barragem. Uma vez formuladas as equações governantes de tal sistema, que resultam em uma equação de onda para a pressão e uma equação de Euler-Bernoulli para os deslocamentos, é utilizada a técnica de separação de variáveis para proceder à sua solução. Por simplicidade, assumiu-se que no modelo não havia o efeito de onda da superfície livre. Primeiro, foi resolvida a equação para a pressão, sendo calculadas as suas componentes temporais e espaciais. Depois, foi resolvida a equação de Euler-Bernoulli junto com a condição de interface. Foram simulações para o material específico, e apresentados os resultados conseguidos. No final do trabalho são enunciadas as conclusões pertinentes.

Otimização de geometrias aerodinâmicas utilizando métodos inversos

O objetivo deste trabalho é a obtenção de uma técnica para a modelagem otimizada de corpos submetidos a fluxos de alta velocidade, como aerofólios em escoamentos transônicos e outras geometrias aerodinâmicas. A técnica é desenvolvida através de expansões em séries de Fourier para um conjunto de equações diferenciais com interrelação com as condições de contorno, sendo uma equação para a parte superior e outra para a parte inferior do aerofólio. O método de integração temporal empregado baseia-se no esquema explícito de Runge-Kutta de 5 estágios para as equações da quantidade de movimento e na relação de estado para a pressão. Para a aproximação espacial adota-se um esquema em volumes finitos no arranjo co-localizado em diferenças centrais. Utiliza-se dissipação artificial para amortecer as frequências de alta ordem do erro na solução das equações linearizadas. A obra apresenta a solução de escoamentos bi e tridimensionais de fluidos compressíveis transônicos em torno de perfis aerodinâmicos. Os testes num´ericos são realizados para as geometrias do NACA 0012 e 0009 e asas tridimensionais usando as equações de Euler, para número de Mach igual a 0.8 e ® = 0o. Os resultados encontrados comparam favoravelmente com os dados experimentais e numéricos disponíveis na literatura.

Modos em vigas com secção transversal de variação linear

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a obtenção dos modos e as freqüências naturais de vigas de variação linear e em forma de cunha, com condições de contorno clássicas e não-clássicas, descritas pelo modelo estrutural de Euler-Bernoulli. A forma dos modos foi determinado com o uso das funções cilíndricas. No caso forçado se considera uma força harmônica e se resolve o problema pelo método espectral, utuilizando o software simbólico Maple V5. Realiza-se uma análise comparativa dos resultados obtidos com os resultados existentes na literatura para vigas uniformes.