747 resultados para Ensino médio - Brasil - Avaliação


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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O presente estudo investiga as práticas avaliativas em inglês como Língua Estrangeira para Crianças (LEC) no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental das escolas públicas no município de Castanhal, PA. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar quais as orientações contidas nos documentos oficiais municipais no que diz respeito ao ensino e à avaliação em LEC, descrever as práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas pelos docentes nesse contexto, analisar a integração dessas práticas com os objetivos de ensino e aprendizagem de LEC e indicar pistas que possam, teórica e metodologicamente, tornar essas práticas mais eficazes. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter documental, na qual foram analisados os documentos oficiais que norteiam o ensino e a avaliação em LEC no município, 220 relatórios de desenvolvimento, que são o instrumento de avaliação preconizado para esse nível da escolaridade, além de entrevistas e questionários com 14 docentes que atuam nesse contexto. O referencial teórico sustenta-se nas contribuições de Cameron (2001), Strecht-Ribeiro (2005) e Scott e Ytreberg (1990) sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de LEC, bem como na discussão de alguns aspectos da avaliação da aprendizagem (HADJI, 1994; 2007; BONNIOL e VIAL, 2001; FERNANDES, 2009; PERRENOUD, 1999) e da avaliação da aprendizagem em LEC (MCKAY, 2006; IOANNOU-GEORGIOU, 2011; SHAABAN, 2001). Para a análise dos dados obtidos, foi utilizada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo (ROSA, 2013). Os resultados da análise indicam uma ausência de coerência entre as práticas avaliativas e os objetivos e princípios do ensino de LEC. Os dados revelam ainda a falta de formação para ensinar, avaliar e elaborar programas de LEC, aliada a uma já conhecida tendência em se priorizar aspectos estruturais no ensino de línguas estrangeiras, em detrimento de atividades comunicativas. Por fim, este trabalho mostra a necessidade de promover outras pesquisas que investiguem as práticas avaliativas em LEC e, da urgência em se definir diretrizes oficiais nacionais para o ensino e avaliação que levem em consideração as características e necessidades das crianças nesse contexto.

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As zeolitas possuem atividade pozolânica normalmente sem a necessidade de ativação térmica, por isto têm sido empregadas na produção de cimento e concreto hidráulicos desde a época do império romano. Hoje em dia são utilizadas na fabricação do cimento Portland através da substituição do clinquer em percentuais que variam entre 5 e 20%, dependendo da reatividade e da finura da zeólita. Em razão disto, são muito importantes do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental, principalmente quando não necessitam de tratamento térmico para adquirirem caráter pozolânico satisfatório, porque reduzem significativamente a energia de produção do clinquer e a liberação de CO2 proveniente tanto da descarbonatação da calcita como da combustão de combustíveis fósseis. Contudo, dados sobre reservas de zeólitas naturais são escassos e imprecisos. No Brasil, não existe conhecimento sobre depósitos naturais de zeólitas que possam ser explorados comercialmente. No nordeste do Brasil existe a ocorrência de zeolitas sedimentares relacionadas a arenitos descoberta nos anos 2000. Estes arenitos são constituídos de quartzo, argilominerais e zeolitas naturais (estilbita). O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi avaliar se esta zeólita natural presente no arenito possui atividade pozolânica satisfatória para ser empregada como adição mineral em cimentos Portland. No programa experimental o arenito zeolítico passou por beneficiamento através da remoção, por peneiramento, do quartzo e outros minerais inertes, de modo a concentrar a zeólita estilbita e com isto verificar as propriedades pozolânicas deste mineral. No estudo experimental foram empregadas as técnicas de difração de raios X, calorimetria, ensaios químicos e de determinação da atividade pozolânica em argamassas de cal hidratada e cimento Portland. Os resultados mostraram que o arenito zeolítico acelerou a hidratação do cimento Portland devido a extrema finura do material. O arenito apresentou atividade pozolânica, sendo a estilbita responsável por este comportamento. Entretanto, a reatividade foi ligeiramente inferior ao mínimo exigido para ser empregado em escala industrial como pozolana. Estudos complementares são necessários para averiguar se o tratamento térmico entre 300 °C e 500 °C pode aumentar a atividade pozolânica do arenito devido a destruição da estrutura cristalina tanto da estilbita quanto da esmectita presente no arenito.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Organizado por João José Caluzi e Silvia Regina Quijadas Aro Zuliani, este livro traz uma série de estudos nos quais os autores procuram discutir o ensino da Química à luz da História da Ciência e das metodologias científicas consagradas pelas instituições de ensino brasileiras na disseminação dos conhecimentos sobre a matéria, sempre com um viés analítico e por vezes bastante crítico. A coletânea aborda desde uma proposta de integração da Filosofia da Química no currículo e na didática da matéria até a prevenção de acidentes na execução de experimentos de Química no ensino médio, passando por um balanço crítico sobre as obras de Química adotadas no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio e da utilização e avaliação dos objetos de aprendizagem por professores de Química nas salas de aula brasileiras. A obra também fala do ensino da Química do ponto de vista mais específico, como nos artigos que discutem os pressupostos históricos e filosóficos sobre o princípio da incerteza, a tentativa de uma leitura kuhniana do conceito de substância e o estudo do termo densidade como obstáculo verbal à compreensão dos conceitos.

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In this article we aim to broaden the discussion about mathematical education of students of Middle Level Professional Education in Brazil (EPTNM), focusing on the issue of interdisciplinarity, emphasized in official documents as one of the organizing axes of the curriculum for this type of education. Studies in this field are justified by the growth of this modality in the Brazilian educational system, as well as the lack of specific investigations in the field of Mathematics Education about it. Our research is guided by the questions: Can the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach to organizing the curriculum contribute to building links between technical professional education and the more academic education characteristic of Middle Level education? What are its potentialities for promoting more meaningful learning of mathematical content in this type of education? We conclude that the superficiality with which the theme of interdisciplinarity has been handled, and the lack of contextualization in other research related to it in mathematics education, are some of the reasons for not implementing the idea successfully. In this article, we discuss the contribution of different authors who research the theme and include proposals to explore Ethnomathematics and Modeling as possibilities for curriculum enrichment of the EPTNM, linking different areas of knowledge and contextualizing math in the reality of the world of work.

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There is little scholarly research on the history, teaching and research of human anatomy in Brazil. A broader vision of the progress of anatomy under different circumstances in the country is virtually non-existent, leaving researchers keen to study the subject insecure. This is compounded by the fact that the data available are not always reliable. This text retraces the development of the discipline of anatomy and its research and education in Brazil in general and São Paulo state in particular, which can largely be reduced to the action of the self-proclaimed Boverian school of anatomy, founded by Italian physician Alfonso Bovero at the same time as the Medical Faculty of the University of São Paulo.

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In recent decades the rise of the tools of information and communication technology (ICT) has been notorious. Currently ICTs are an important educational tool and is associated with the development of teaching methods courses in basic and higher education. Given the influence that these tools are currently engaged in several sectors, this project aimed to assess the frequency and manifestations of ICT that have been employed in the teaching of histology in the Schools of Dentistry of São Paulo. The virtual page of 43 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) was analyzed to search for links to sites of histology. With this assessment only 4 virtual domains were found which was present a narrow range of virtual tools such as hypertext, graphics, quizzes and lessons in electronic formats. Later, by sending a questionnaire to 46 teachers of histology of the Universities of São Paulo, were analyzed for the presence or absence of a site of discipline, mode and frequency of use of ICTs in education, and the value that teacher attaches to these tools. From the responses obtained were concluded that teachers who have websites in general have no interactivite tools and many seem to ignore the real representation of interactivity in teaching and the possibilities of applications of ICTs. However most teachers recognize the importance of education mediated by virtual tools

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Since the 1980s, problem solving has been recommended by international curriculum proposals for the teaching of mathematics. In Brazil, with the publication of the National Curriculum Guidelines in 1997, this trend was reinforced and became the central activity of the classroom. Troubleshooting is seen as an asset in the learning process of the student, providing a context for learning concepts, mathematical methods and attitudes. However, this methodological approach requires deeper research, especially for new teaches. This work aims at a further study in this subject and in the experiences with problem solving in the classroom of High School students. The ground basis for this was the Mathematical Transalpine Rally, a competition between classrooms that seeks to facilitate the problem solving within mathematics teaching, and through an autonomous and creative work, performed collectively. The results of this experience, as well as the contribuition for the student’s education are presented

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This study presents the results of a study on the development of the concept of force and their possible applications in physics teaching. The historical study has focused on Aristotelian natural philosophy, medieval theories of strength in impressed and on classical Newtonian mechanics. The Newtonian concept of force was also an object lesson of physics analyzed in this study. In this lesson, conducted in a preuniversity course, spontaneous conceptions or alternative conceptions of students about the concept of force proved very entrenched, resulting in studies on the Model Change on Conceptual and epistemological obstacles in view Bachelardian. The theoretical frameworks adopted led us to trace parallels between spontaneous conceptions revealed by the students and some views about the concept of force found in the study of history. The results show that while some old conceptions have been replaced by scientifically Newtonian concept of force, they are still present in the students' ideas and resist to changes even after the study of Newton's laws. Like main result shows that the history of science can be a great ally for the deconstruction of alternative conceptions, particularly when these concepts were previously presented and overcome the course of history of the development of a concept

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The Gymnastic as a manifestation of the Body Culture Movement should be part of the contents worked in scholar Physical Education, throughout the process of Basic teaching. However, according to studies conducted by researchers from academic Gymnastics school knowledge involving the gymnastics have been tentatively taught in school by numerous factors. For this, the objective of this research was to understand and analyze the opinion of students in middle and high school about gymnastics classes developed with the involvement of graduation scholarship holder and the coordination of the project Gymnastics Goes to School from the UNESP/Campus Rio Claro “Núcleos de Ensino”, in 2012. This research used a questionnaire with topics about the Gymnastic with options: Never Practiced, Like a Lot, Like, Am Indifferent, Dislike, Hate with a space for writing and drawing, relevant to the research objectives. The research was performed with 79 students in middle and high school. With data analysis, it was observed that the students identified themselves more with the Artistic Gymnastic, followed by Rhythmic and Acrobatic Gymnastic and, at last, the General Gymnastic, both through the questionnaire and trough the drawings, which goes against the results from the article published in 2010 by Pereira et al, entitled The students detest the contents gymnastic in physical education classes: motives and alternatives, where the students understand the gymnastics activities only as support, abdominal and stretching. Therefore, to have a real understanding of gymnastics in school, there is a need for teachers to explain and develop the contents gimmicks, so the students could understand the difference among Gymnastics activities and, at the same time, discovering the pleasures of this body practice

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Here we present an exploratory study on the use of laboratory teaching in four schools of Basic Education in Rio Claro, SP, three of them high school and one of the second cycle of basic education, developed in the years 2011 and 2012, under activities of the course Prática de Ensino e Estágio Supervisionado, the Degree in Physics - UNESP, Rio Claro campus and work with Pibid (Projeto Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência) in agreement UNESP CAPES Notice 2009. Initially, we diagnose the situation and identify the laboratories using them for Teaching Physics, from direct observation and contact with teachers. Based on the experimental realization of educational activities in such schools, we discuss different teaching strategies, and using experiments built with inexpensive materials (Ferreira and Ramos, 2008). We analyzed the role of the teaching laboratory in the development of skills and abilities of students, related to the teaching and learning of Physics, as well as aspects concerning the use of instructional laboratories

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According to the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters (PCN), the teaching of astronomy must provide subjects to the teaching/learning processes of basic education, acquisition of skills and competencies in order to form a critical, reflective and conscious citizen. Several surveys on teaching astronomy show that some changes need to be made in educational, aiming to provide to participants (students and teachers) of the teaching/learning real and significant conditions of knowledge aiming to astronomy. Thus, by prior construction, implementation and evaluation, of a course on astronomy, thought and implemented by the author in a public school in elementary school and high school in a town in São Paulo state, aimed to this work: know the challenges that teachers face in teaching Astronomy and identify possible contributions in formative processes of these teachers in service. So, the study revealed that teachers have many difficulties to teach the concepts of astronomy because of the deficit in their formations, both in specific and pedagogical knowledge that was the main problem pointed out by them. In view of this, it was possible to say here that the lack of specific knowledge about astronomy and pedagogical knowledge of how to teach this area are two hotspots in the dynamics of these school teachers who have the challenge of teach an area that really do not know

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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)