Assessing construction and demolition waste on masonry works to avoid future generation

The difficulty of dealing with construction and demolition waste (CDW) on construction sites is not new and continues to be a significant environmental problem. Currently the CDW collection system in Spain is done in a decentralized manner by each sub-contracted company, being necessary to implement effective waste management measures ensuring a correct management and minimization. During the last years several measures have been launched in order to improve and encourage the reuse and recycling of CDW. A widespread solution for CDW recovery is using them as a landscaping aggregate or for road bases and sub-bases. However, measures encouraging onsite prevention still need to be enhanced. This paper studies the major work stage generating CDW and analyses the categories of CDW produced during its execution. For this, several real building sites have been analysed in order to quantify the estimation of CDW generated. Results of this study show that a significant contributor to the CDW generation on building construction sites in Spain are the masonry works. Finally, a Best Practices Manual (BPM) is proposed containing several strategies on masonry works aimed not only at CDW prevention, but also at improving their management and minimization. The use of this BPM together with the Study and Plan of CDW management --required by law--, promotes the environmental management of the company, favouring the cohesion of the construction process organization at all stages giving rise to establishing responsibilities in the field of waste and providing a greater control over the process. Keywords: construction and demolition waste, management, masonry works, good practice measures, prevention.

The fishes of India : being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma and Ceylon / by Francis Day.

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The fishes of India : being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma and Ceylon / by Francis Day.

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University of Nebraska: history, resources, and advantages offered to its students.

Mode of access: Internet.

Schedule of two thousand American historical nuggets taken : from the Stevens diggings in September 1870 and set down in chronological order of printing from 1490 to 1800 [i.e. 1776] ; described and recommended as a supplement to any printed Bibliotheca Americana /

A list of about 1400 titles not found in John Carter Brown's Bibliotheca Americana.

The financial history of Connecticut from 1789 to 1861 /

"Published under the auspices of Yale University."

East and west through fifteen centuries; being a general history from B.C. 44 to A.D. 1453,

No more published.

A weather history; from January 1, 1932 to December 31, 1933.

"A Reflection book."

Manitoba : history of its early settlement, development, and resources /

Mode of access: Internet.

The history of Enniskillen with reference to some manors in co. Fermanagh, and other local subjects,

Part of the plates are printed on both sides.

Complete natural history : compiled from the works of Buffon, Goldsmith, Cuvier, Shaw, Vaillant, Humboldt, Audubon, etc. /

Includes index