Cultura e clima organizacionais: um estudo multicasos em indústrias de laticínios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The objective of this study is to investigate if exist relationship between organizational culture and the organizational climate, having as research s locus three dairy industries in the Rio Grande do Norte State. As such, an exploratory-descriptive and conclusive-causal study, with a sample composed of 211 employees of all firms hierarchical levels was undertaken. By way the data collection, the employees personal characteristics, the predominant organizational culture profile and the predominant organizational climate in the industries researched were identified. In order to analyse the organizational culture, the Competing Value Model (CAMERON; QUINN, 2006), with adaptations by Santos (1998, 2000), was used. In order to analyse the organizational climate, the Organizational Climate Measurement Scale, proposed by Martins (et al., 2004, 2008), with modifications, was used. The data were submitted to quantitative statistical analyses, firstly to the set of firms and afterwards to the firms alone, that permitted arrival to the following conclusions: the cultural profiles was met in a balanced way in the researched organizations, with emphasis to clan culture and market culture profiles; the researched organizations have a good organizational climate, based in the Martins (2008) classification, with emphasis to boss and organization s support and physical comfort , being these factors coherent whit the clan culture profile; the personal variables are correlated with the cultural profiles and with the organizational climate factors, however, each organization show its singular form of relation; and the cultural profiles showed influence on organizational climate factors. Thus, the results permitted to conclude that there are relations between the cultural profiles and the organizational climate factors in the researched organizations

Poliittisen vallan jakautuminen Kurikan ja Jurvan kuntaliitoksessa

Kuntaliitos tuo kuntien toimintaan ja niiden asukkaiden elämään monenlaisia muutoksia. Yksi vähäisimmistä ei ole liitoksen vaikutus edustuksellisen demokratian toteutumiseen: kunnan luottamustehtävät vähenevät, kilpailu niistä kiristyy ja valta jakautuu uudella tavalla. Tässä tutkielmassa asiaa on lähestytty vallan maantieteellisen jakautumisen ja kunnan eri osien alueellisen edustavuuden näkökulmasta. Vallan ja edustuksen mittareina toimivat kunnalliset luottamuspaikat valtuustossa, hallituksessa ja muissa kunnan toimielimissä. Lisäksi on selvitetty poliittisten päättäjien näkemyksiä kuntaliitoksen jälkeisestä vallankäytöstä ja liitoksen hyödyistä ja haitoista. Kyseessä on tapaustutkimus vuoden 2009 alussa toteutuneesta Kurikan ja Jurvan kuntaliitoksesta. Aineistona ovat vuosien 2004, 2008 ja 2012 kunnallisvaalien tulokset, kuntahallinnon pöytäkirjat sekä tutkimuskuntien 19 pitkäaikaisen luottamushenkilön haastattelut. Tilasto- ja asiakirja-aineiston analysoinnissa on käytetty tilastollisia perusmenetelmiä, luokittelua ja taulukointia. Haastatteluaineisto on kerätty puhelimitse strukturoituna lomakehaastatteluna ja sitä on analysoitu kuvailun, luokittelun ja dikotomisen ristiintaulukoinnin avulla. Tutkielman teoreettisen viitekehyksen rakennuspuina toimivat yhtäältä kunnat, kuntarakenne ja kuntaliitostutkimus, toisaalta valta ja edustuksellisen demokratian instituutiot ja kolmantena poliittinen maantiede ja vaalimaantiede. Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana toimii kuntaliitoskuntien kunnallisvaaleja koskeva aiempi valtakunnallinen tutkimus, jonka mukaan kuntaliitosten reuna-alueet ovat usein vaaleissa saaneet kokoaan suuremman edustuksen uuden kunnan valtuustoon. Alueellinen edunvalvonta kunnallisvaaleissa tiivistyy ehdokasasetteluun, äänten keskittämiseen ja alueperustaiseen äänestämiseen. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että Kurikan ja Jurvan kuntaliitoksen jälkeen kunnan poliittinen valta ei ole jakautunut tasapuolisesti, vaan jurvalaiset ovat olleet luottamuselimissä yliedustettuina. Keskeiset syyt yliedustukseen löytyvät ehdokasasettelusta ja äänten onnistuneesta keskittämisestä. Haastattelujen tulokset osoittavat selkeitä eroja kurikkalaisten ja jurvalaisten päättäjien käsityksissä koskien vallan jakautumista, käyttöä ja kuntaliitoksen alueellisia vaikutuksia.

Tamaño de la empresa e informalidad : un análisis para las micro y pequeñas empresas del sector manufacturero de Chiclayo

Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

Cultura e clima organizacionais: um estudo multicasos em indústrias de laticínios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The objective of this study is to investigate if exist relationship between organizational culture and the organizational climate, having as research s locus three dairy industries in the Rio Grande do Norte State. As such, an exploratory-descriptive and conclusive-causal study, with a sample composed of 211 employees of all firms hierarchical levels was undertaken. By way the data collection, the employees personal characteristics, the predominant organizational culture profile and the predominant organizational climate in the industries researched were identified. In order to analyse the organizational culture, the Competing Value Model (CAMERON; QUINN, 2006), with adaptations by Santos (1998, 2000), was used. In order to analyse the organizational climate, the Organizational Climate Measurement Scale, proposed by Martins (et al., 2004, 2008), with modifications, was used. The data were submitted to quantitative statistical analyses, firstly to the set of firms and afterwards to the firms alone, that permitted arrival to the following conclusions: the cultural profiles was met in a balanced way in the researched organizations, with emphasis to clan culture and market culture profiles; the researched organizations have a good organizational climate, based in the Martins (2008) classification, with emphasis to boss and organization s support and physical comfort , being these factors coherent whit the clan culture profile; the personal variables are correlated with the cultural profiles and with the organizational climate factors, however, each organization show its singular form of relation; and the cultural profiles showed influence on organizational climate factors. Thus, the results permitted to conclude that there are relations between the cultural profiles and the organizational climate factors in the researched organizations

The antecedents of post-initial adoption behavior in a S-D logic context

Repercussions of innovation adoption and diffusion studies have long been imperative to the success of novel introductions. However, perceptions and deductions of current innovation understandings have been changing over time. The paradigm shift from the goods-dominant (G-D) logic to the service-dominant (S-D) logic potentially makes the distinction between product (goods) innovation and service innovation redundant as the S-D logic lens views all innovations as service innovations (Vargo and Lusch, 2004; 2008; Lusch and Nambisan, 2015). From this perspective, product innovations are in essence service innovations, as goods serve as mere distribution mechanisms to deliver service. Nonetheless, the transition to such a broadened and transcending view of service innovation necessitates concurrently a change in the underlying models used to investigate innovation and its subsequent adoption. The present research addresses this gap by engendering a novel model for the most crucial period of service diffusion within the S-D logic context – the post-initial adoption phase, which demarcates an individual’s behavior after the initial adoption decision of a service. As a wellfounded understanding of service diffusion and the complementary innovation adoption still lingers in its infancy, the current study develops a model based on interdisciplinary domains mapping. Here fore, knowledge of the relatively established viral source domain is mapped to the comparatively undetermined target domain of service innovation adoption. To assess the model and test the importance of the explanatory variables, survey data from 750 respondents of a bank in Northern Germany is scrutinized by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that the continuance intention of a customer, actual usage of the service and the customer influencer value all constitute important postinitial adoption behavior that have meaningful implications for a successful service adoption. Second, the four constructs customer influencer value, organizational commitment, perceived usefulness and service customization are evidenced to have a differential impact on a iv customer’s post-initial adoption behavior. Third, this study indicates that post-initial adoption behavior further underlies the influence of a user’s age and besides that is also provoked by the internal and external environments of service adoption. Finally, this research amalgamates the broad view of service innovation by Nambisan and Lusch (2015) with the findings ensuing this enquiry’s model to arrive at a framework that it both, generalizable and practically applicable. Implications for academia and practitioners are captured along with avenues for future research.

Europeanization beyond the EU: The case of Georgia.

320 p.

Factores determinantes das exportações portuguesas para Espanha : uma análise ao nível da empresa

Este estudo analisa a evolução das exportações portuguesas para Espanha e os seus factores determinantes no período 2004-2008, tendo por base uma amostra das 97 maiores empresas exportadoras para Espanha. O estudo utiliza vários indicadores económico-financeiros para caracterizar estas empresas e é feita a comparação entre as 5 maiores empresas e 5 pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) da amostra. A análise evidencia a concentração geográfica destas empresas nos distritos de Porto e Aveiro e o melhor desempenho das grandes empresas em termos de produtividade, rendibilidade dos capitais próprios e salário médio quando comparadas com as PMEs. Quanto ao estudo econométrico, que utiliza dados em painel, consideraram-se como variáveis explicativas teoricamente relevantes, o valor acrescentado bruto, os resultados líquidos, os capitais próprios, a dimensão da empresa, a remuneração e as despesas em investigação e desenvolvimento (I&D). Os resultados do modelo estimado confirmam a influência positiva destas variáveis sobre a variação das exportações, embora as despesas em I&D e as remunerações se tenham revelado estatisticamente não significativas.

Ejercicios adecuados de resistencia abdominal: una herramienta para la prevención contra lumbalgias

El propósito de este artículo fue el de analizar la técnica tradicional de los ejercicios abdominales, con el fin de dar recomendaciones alternativas que garanticen una buena ejecución sin riesgos. Además, presenta algunas recomendaciones que ayudarán a prescribir ejercicio abdominal para la salud.

Recomendaciones para la evaluación de la actividad física en población infantil

El propósito de este artículo fue el de revisar los patrones de movimiento de los niños y las niñas y como estos pueden impactar la evaluación de la actividad física. Para el logro de la evaluación de esta se requiere de instrumentos que sean sensibles para que se detecte, codifique o registre la actividad física esporádica e intermitente de los niños y las niñas, sin olvidar las regulaciones que existen en el nivel científico. Varios de los instrumentos de más uso son: el autorreporte, la observación directa y el monitoreo de la frecuencia cardiaca. Los autorreportes requieren de habilidades de pensamiento abstracto y de buena memoria, lo que en edades tempranas no se ha desarrollado, por otro lado, la observación directa y el monitorio cardiaco, requieren de gran cantidad de tiempo y de alta tecnología para su aplicación, respectivamente. La recomendación más ampliamente extendida, es que se recurra a una combinación instrumentos, para garantizar la mayor cantidad de información y de validez de la investigación.

Perspectiva subjetiva de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor, diferencias ligadas al género y a la práctica de la actividad físico recreativa

El propósito de este estudio fue conocer la relación entre las variables (soporte social, autonomía, salud mental, actividad físico recreativa) que integran la perspectiva subjetiva de la calidad de vida, ligadas al género en personas adultas mayores costarricenses. Además, conocer el principal motivo de estos sujetos para realizar la actividad física y el beneficio percibido por estos, de acuerdo al género. En este estudio participaron 152 sujetos (92 mujeres y 60 hombres) con edades entre los  60 a 75 años, de 21 centros diurnos, a los cuales se les aplicó dos instrumentos: un cuestionario  de calidad de vida (INISA,1994) y una encuesta sobre actividad física recreativa. Los resultados mostraron relación significativa entre las variables autonomía y soporte social; autonomía y estado mental; autonomía  y frecuencia de la actividad; autonomía y duración. Asimismo, en lo que respecta al género; la depresión geriátrica fue superior en las mujeres (F=5.86). La salud fue el motivo principal para realizar la actividad física y los beneficios principales de ésta para ambos géneros fueron, el sentirse más reanimados, más alegres, con energía, y el alivio de dolores. Se concluye, que la calidad de vida (soporte social, autonomía, salud mental)  percibida por el adulto mayor no difiere en lo que respecta al género e incluso en el motivo o beneficio para hacer actividad física, excepto en lo que respecta a la depresión, la cual se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres. Se comprueba que la actividad física recreativa le permite obtener al adulto mayor resultados positivos entre más cantidad de veces y  de tiempo por  semana le  dedique.

DOING MORE WITH SHORT PERIOD DATA: DETERMINING MAGNITUDES FROM CLIPPED AND OVER-RUN SEISMIC DATA AT MOUNT ST. HELENS

How can we calculate earthquake magnitudes when the signal is clipped and over-run? When a volcano is very active, the seismic record may saturate (i.e., the full amplitude of the signal is not recorded) or be over-run (i.e., the end of one event is covered by the start of a new event). The duration, and sometimes the amplitude, of an earthquake signal are necessary for determining event magnitudes; thus, it may be impossible to calculate earthquake magnitudes when a volcano is very active. This problem is most likely to occur at volcanoes with limited networks of short period seismometers. This study outlines two methods for calculating earthquake magnitudes when events are clipped and over-run. The first method entails modeling the shape of earthquake codas as a power law function and extrapolating duration from the decay of the function. The second method draws relations between clipped duration (i.e., the length of time a signal is clipped) and the full duration. These methods allow for magnitudes to be determined within 0.2 to 0.4 units of magnitude. This error is within the range of analyst hand-picks and is within the acceptable limits of uncertainty when quickly quantifying volcanic energy release during volcanic crises. Most importantly, these estimates can be made when data are clipped or over-run. These methods were developed with data from the initial stages of the 2004-2008 eruption at Mount St. Helens. Mount St. Helens is a well-studied volcano with many instruments placed at varying distances from the vent. This fact makes the 2004-2008 eruption a good place to calibrate and refine methodologies that can be applied to volcanoes with limited networks.

Three Essays on a Longitudinal Analysis of Business Start-ups using the Kauffman Firm Survey

This dissertation focused on the longitudinal analysis of business start-ups using three waves of data from the Kauffman Firm Survey. The first essay used the data from years 2004-2008, and examined the simultaneous relationship between a firm’s capital structure, human resource policies, and its impact on the level of innovation. The firm leverage was calculated as, debt divided by total financial resources. Index of employee well-being was determined by a set of nine dichotomous questions asked in the survey. A negative binomial fixed effects model was used to analyze the effect of employee well-being and leverage on the count data of patents and copyrights, which were used as a proxy for innovation. The paper demonstrated that employee well-being positively affects the firm's innovation, while a higher leverage ratio had a negative impact on the innovation. No significant relation was found between leverage and employee well-being. The second essay used the data from years 2004-2009, and inquired whether a higher entrepreneurial speed of learning is desirable, and whether there is a linkage between the speed of learning and growth rate of the firm. The change in the speed of learning was measured using a pooled OLS estimator in repeated cross-sections. There was evidence of a declining speed of learning over time, and it was concluded that a higher speed of learning is not necessarily a good thing, because speed of learning is contingent on the entrepreneur's initial knowledge, and the precision of the signals he receives from the market. Also, there was no reason to expect speed of learning to be related to the growth of the firm in one direction over another. The third essay used the data from years 2004-2010, and determined the timing of diversification activities by the business start-ups. It captured when a start-up diversified for the first time, and explored the association between an early diversification strategy adopted by a firm, and its survival rate. A semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the survival pattern. The results demonstrated that firms diversifying at an early stage in their lives show a higher survival rate; however, this effect fades over time.

Gouvernance et gestion des espaces hydrographiques nationaux et internationaux: I’analyse du cas espagnol et des conflits de l’eau dans le bassin de l’Ebre

"Il existe trois scénarios d’insécurité environnementale en Colombie dans lesquels la relation entre l’état des ressources naturelles en eau, pétrole et biodiversité (pénurie, dégradation, surexploitation, risque d’appropriation et terrorisme écologique) et la situation des rapports de force internes et régionaux (exacerbation des tensions interétatiques, sociétales et insécurité humaine) est évidente. Ce résultat a été démontré lors d’un projet de recherche antérieur (2002-2005) menée par l’auteur de ce document de recherche dans le cadre de la ligne de recherche en sécurité régionale et internationale du Centre d’Etudes Politiques et Internationales -CEPI- des Facultés de Science Politique et Gouvernements et de Relations Internationales de l’Université du Rosario de Bogota..."

Participación política de las fuerzas militares: el caso colombiano

El objetivo general de esta monografía es explicar cómo se ha desarrollado la participación política de las Fuerzas Militares en la democracia colombiana; lo cual permitirá tener una visión clara del problema, y entender el cómo y el porqué de esta participación. La pregunta de investigación, guía de esta monografía, es la siguiente: ¿cómo se ha desarrollado la participación política de las Fuerzas Militares en la democracia colombiana?. A partir de esta pregunta se planteó la siguiente hipótesis: las Fuerzas Militares han participado dentro de la política colombiana, ya sea por medio de la formulación de la política de seguridad y defensa nacional o por las opiniones y actuaciones de los altos mandos militares, lo cual ha convertido a la institución en uno de los actores más importantes dentro de la democracia nacional. A su vez, se estableció cómo se llevan a cabo las relaciones entre las Fuerzas Militares y el Estado, en qué situaciones las Fuerzas Militares han recibido funciones constitucionales que no les corresponden y, qué tipo de actores y factores han motivado a las Fuerzas Militares a participar en política.