Risk management plan and pharmacovigilance system - biopharmaceuticals: biosimilars.

Editor literario del libro, Giancarlo Nota - All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial-Share Alike-Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited.

The contribution of fish intake, aquaculture, and small-scale fisheries to improving nutrition security: a literature review

Much of fish consumed by the poor are caught by household members and traded in local markets. These fish are rarely or poorly included in national statistics, and it is therefore difficult to estimate precisely the real contribution of fish to the rural poor households. This report is the first global overview of the role played by fish in improving nutrition. Fish consumption patterns of the poor, the nutritional value of fish, and small-scale fisheries and aquaculture activities are considered. It also highlights the gap in knowledge where more research is needed.

Plan De Cuidados Estandarizado. Atención individual a personas con úlcera venosa

Se presenta un Plan de Atención de Enfermería en Atención Primaria para personas que presenten úlceras venosas en las extremidades inferiores, y que frecuentemente, se oye como motivo de consulta: “Sensación de pesadez y calambres en las piernas que va en aumento al final del día”. Las úlceras venosas siendo con diferencia, el tipo de úlceras más frecuentes de la extremidad inferior, suponen un importante problema de salud, tanto para las personas que las padecen, consecuencia del largo tiempo que precisan hasta su curación, como para los sistemas sanitarios que requieren una gran inversión en recursos humanos y materiales. Para tratarlas, es necesaria la implicación y participación de la persona en el proceso de cuidados, como receptor y eje central del mismo, además de la puesta en marcha de estrategias dirigidas hacia la continuidad de cuidados. Se utiliza, el modelo conceptual de Virginia Henderson (la persona como un todo e independiente) y como metodología enfermera para la gestión y planificación de los cuidados, el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería mediante un lenguaje universal y estandarizado a través de la interrelación de las taxonomías NANDA I - NOC - NIC. La enfermera interviene supliendo o acompañando a la persona, cuando observe la insatisfacción de alguna de las 14 necesidades humanas básicas propuestas por V. Henderson en su modelo, proporcionando cuidados integrales y orientando la actuación hacia el logro de su independencia para llevar a cabo sus autocuidados.

Plan de Cuidados Estandarizado en Pacientes con Amputación Traumática de Miembro Inferior

La amputación traumática de miembro inferior constituye un proceso complicado de adaptación y superación en el que se producen repercusiones en la persona tanto a nivel físico como psicológico y social. Este tipo de cirugía supone un cambio drástico en la vida de quienes las padecen y sus familias, siendo a menudo adultos jóvenes. En consecuencia, todo el equipo multidisciplinar, pero la enfermera de atención domiciliaria especialmente, juega un papel decisivo a la hora de realizar un seguimiento, estabilizar emocionalmente al paciente e integrarle con el entorno, alcanzando el mayor nivel posible de independencia y autonomía (Modelo de Virginia Henderson). Ésta, garantiza la continuidad de cuidados mediante la supervisión, realización de intervenciones y apoyo a la persona y a la familia, tarea que quizás queda relegada por la actuación inicial de la enfermera hospitalaria. Con el objetivo de brindar unos cuidados integrales y de calidad en el domicilio, se elabora un Plan de Cuidados Estandarizado (PCE) específico para este grupo de pacientes. Se utiliza el Lenguaje Enfermero Estandarizado (LEE) a través de las taxonomías NANDA-NOC-NIC, tal y como se recoge en el Real Decreto 1093/2010 del Boletín Oficial del Estado y se adapta en el 2012 al Boletín Oficial del País Vasco.

Plan de cuidados de enfermería en el proceso de duelo

En el siguiente trabajo se lleva a cabo un plan de cuidados específico, para personas que están en proceso de duelo por la pérdida de una persona querida y muy significativa en su vida, tras una larga enfermedad, y a la que tuvo que acompañar en su sufrimiento. Para dar respuesta y establecer una relación de ayuda en estas situaciones se precisa de un modelo enfermero, porque si en general es importante centrarse en la persona al proporcionar cuidados, más lo es en este contexto en particular De ahí que se tome como referencia el modelo de necesidades de Virginia Henderson. A partir de ellas y aplicando metodología enfermera, se valora de forma integral a la persona, en las 14 necesidades humanas básicas que ella establece, para poder reconocer aquellas que estén alteradas mediante escalas, cuestionarios e índices que aportan datos relevantes de la situación. Además, emplear metodología enfermera (Proceso de atención de enfermería) contribuye a identificar y enunciar los diagnósticos enfermeros (NANDA) y aplicar e interrelacionar las taxonomías (NOC-NIC) para determinar resultados esperados y las intervenciones más eficaces, que la enfermera realizará para ayudar a la persona en el manejo de sus emociones y de la situación. En definitiva dar respuesta a los requerimientos (necesidades) y ayudar a la persona a lograr un alto grado de independencia.

Plan de mejora ante los resultados del análisis de los hábitos deportivos y el sedentarismo en estudiantes de 12-13 años de los centros escolares Lauro Ikastola, Colegio Miribilla y Txorierri Ikastetxea

El presente estudio es una investigación llevada a cabo con chicos y chicas de entre 12 y 13 años sobre los hábitos deportivos y el sedentarismo. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo en 3 centros escolares vizcaínos diferentes: Lauro Ikastola (Loiu), Txorierri ikastetxea (Derio) y Colegio Miribilla (Bilbao) con el fin de abarcar y analizar una mayor heterogeneidad de alumnos. Hoy en día el sedentarismo infantil es un factor de ri esgo muy importante entre los más jóvenes y por ello es de vital importancia trabajar y proponer una serie de acciones y estrategias para incentivar a los adolescentes a llevar una vida activa y saludable.

Contribution of women to fisheries development in Kainji Lake basin

The study was carried to examine the contribution of women to fisheries development in the Kainji basin. The sample was drawn in some of the major fishing villages in the sub strata of the basin. A total of 120 respondents were used. The findings revealed that women were involved in fisheries activities most especially in the processing and marketing aspects. Many of the respondents happened to be wives of the fishermen. Few bought fishing equipment with a special arrangement for the supply of fish while some buy from fishermen. This revealed the willingness of the women to be empowered in the economic activities in the area to meet some basic household. Major constrains to the women in this area were the scarcity of fish, no support from the government or private agencies. Recommendations were made on how to enhance women participation in fisheries development

Social Organisation of the Short-finned Pilot Whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus, with Special Reference to the Comparative Social Ecology of Delphinids

As a contribution to the understanding of comparative social trends within the cetacean family Delphinidae, a 22-month study was conducted on the shortfinned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus, which has been suggested to have a unique social system in which males and females in the same group are related and mating occurs outside of the group. The individual identification of 495 pilot whales, analysed in daily group association patterns, allowed identification of 46 pods. They were classified as productive or non-productive based on the presence or absence of immature animals. Productive pods were a significantly larger, although 12% of them lacked adult males. Two classes of whales (residents and visitors) were defined by patterns of occurrence,suggesting differential patterns of habitat use. Resident pods occasionally travelled together (41% of all groups) and associations between age and sex classes showed that in mixed-pod groups, the highest ranked associations of the reproductive females were with males from other pods, while within pods, adult males and females associated less. During summer, the proposed peak conception period, pilot whale groups were significantly larger and contained individuals from a significantly greater number of pods. These findings support the hypothesis that males and females mate when associating with individuals from other pods. A comparative analysis of sexual dimorphism, brain size, and testes size, habitat, prey and group size within the 17 delphinid genera identified a correlation between sexual dimorphism and body size, but relative measures of brain size and testes size did not correlate with broad ecological or social classifications. However, a comparison of three delphinid societies identified two distinct male mating systems: males of the small, mono-morphic Tursiops truncatus live in age/sex segregated groups and mate with a number of discrete female communities. Males in the large sexually dimorphic Glob icephala spp. and Orcinus orca mate with associated female pods and yet remain with their female kin. This corresponds to the avunculate social system described in some human societies. It could evolve from a promiscuous mating system where there is little guarantee of paternity and where males that live with their kin increase their inclusive fitness.

Charged pion contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon

The model dependence inherent in hadronic calculations is one of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the theoretical prediction of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In this thesis, we focus on the charged pion contribution and turn a critical eye on the models employed in the few previous calculations of $a_\mu^{\pi^+\pi^-}$. Chiral perturbation theory provides a check on these models at low energies, and we therefore calculate the charged pion contribution to light-by-light (LBL) scattering to $\mathcal{O}(p^6)$. We show that the dominant corrections to the leading order (LO) result come from two low energy constants which show up in the form factors for the $\gamma\pi\pi$ and $\gamma\gamma\pi\pi$ vertices. Comparison with the existing models reveal a potentially significant omission - none include the pion polarizability corrections associated with the $\gamma\gamma\pi\pi$ vertex. We next consider alternative models where the pion polarizability is produced through exchange of the $a_1$ axial vector meson. These have poor UV behavior, however, making them unsuited for the $a_\mu^{\pi^+\pi^-}$ calculation. We turn to a simpler form factor modeling approach, generating two distinct models which reproduce the pion polarizability corrections at low energies, have the correct QCD scaling at high energies, and generate finite contributions to $a_\mu^{\pi^+\pi^-}$. With these two models, we calculate the charged pion contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, finding values larger than those previously reported: $a_\mu^\mathrm{I} = -1.779(4)\times10^{-10}\,,\,a_\mu^\mathrm{II} = -4.892(3)\times10^{-10}$.

Making object-oriented databases more knowledgeable (From ADAM to ABEL)

Tesis leida en la Universidad de Aberdeen. 178 p.

Contribution of haematological factors to the distributions and estimation of Eustrongyliides africanus larvae densities in Clarias gariepinus and Clarias anguillaris from Bida floodplain of Nigeria

The contributions of hematological factors to the distribution and estimations of Eustrongylides africanus larvae densities in Clarias gariepinus and C. anguillaris of Bida floodplain of Nigeria were documented for the first time. The hematological factors making the most important contributions to the distributions of E. africanus larvae infections in clarias species are mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and neutrophils count, in descending order of magnitude; having the manifestations for the months of January, March, September, and December of the year being closely related. Five haematological factors (neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils counts; MCH and MCV) having positive or negative correlation coefficient (r) between 0.50 and 0.85 contributed to the estimated of E.africanus larvae densities in the wild population of Clarias species

Design of a Recreational Fishing Survey and Mark-Recapture Study for the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, in Chesapeake Bay

The development of bay wide estimates of recreational harvest has been identified as a high priority by the Chesapeake Bay Scientific Advisory Committee (CBSAC) and by the Chesapeake Bay Program as reflected in the Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Fishery Management Plan (Chesapeake Bay Program 1996). In addition, the BiState Blue Crab Commission (BBCAC), formed in 1996 by mandate from the legislatures of Maryland and Virginia to advise on crab management, has also recognized the importance of estimating the levels and trends in catches in the recreational fishery. Recently, the BBCAC has adopted limit and target biological reference points. These analyses have been predicated on assumptions regarding the relative magnitude of the recreational and commercial catch. The reference points depend on determination of the total number of crabs removed from the population. In essence, the number removed by the various fishery sectors, represents a minimum estimate of the population size. If a major fishery sector is not represented, the total population will be accordingly underestimated. If the relative contribution of the unrepresented sector is constant over time and harvests the same components of the population as the other sectors, it may be argued that the population estimate derived from the other sectors is biased but still adequately represents trends in population size over time. If either of the two constraints mentioned above is not met, the validity of relative trends over time is suspect. With the recent increases in the human population in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, there is reason to be concerned that the recreational catch may not have been a constant proportion of the total harvest over time. It is important to assess the catch characteristics and the magnitude of the recreational fishery to evaluate this potential bias. (PDF contains 70 pages)

Economic Efficiency, Environmental Effectiveness and Political Feasibility of Energy Efficiency Rebates: The Case of the Spanish Energy Efficiency 'Renove' Plan

29 p.