The Illinois coal industry.

Latest issue consulted: June 2006.

Relações entre trabalho, consumo e criação de valor para as organizações: o caso Trendwatching

O objetivo desta tese é compreender, a partir das categorias trabalho e consumo, como se constituem as relações das redes de colaboração da empresa de tendências de consumo Trendwatching. No âmbito acadêmico, literatura recente revela o aparecimento de novos conceitos, como prosumer, co-criação e públicos produtivos para explicar as transformações no mundo do trabalho que envolvem cada vez mais a participação do consumidor para que o valor se realize. Dessa forma, os fundamentos teóricos que embasam esta tese providenciam elementos sobre os conceitos de valor, trabalho imaterial, consumo e suas interrelações. A coleta de dados ocorreu, em sua maior parte, na matriz da empresa em Londres durante o ano de 2015, sendo composta por: (1) realização de 31 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com spotters, funcionários e clientes da empresa; (2) observação em campo durante 3 meses, período este registrado em um diário de campo; (3) dados obtidos por meios virtuais, através do site da Trendwatching. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, onde, a partir de um processo de derivação, foram encontradas 49 categorias iniciais, 10 intermediárias e 3 finais. Por meio de um processo de derivação, chegou-se em 10 categorias intermediárias: (1) quem é o spotter; (2) busca de informações pelo spotter; (3) motivação e recompensa dos spotters; (4) spotters e a comunidade TW:IN; (5) formação dos spotters; (6) imagem da Trendwatching; (7) Ambiente de trabalho; (8) O que a Trendwatching vende; (9) base de dados; (10) tendências. Com estas categorias intermediárias em mãos, realizou-se novamente um processo de derivação para chegar nas categorias finais, que são: (1) spotters; (2) trabalho; (3) informação. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem mostrar que o spotter – assim chamado o indivíduo que compõe a rede a colaboração da Trendwatching – é o principal produto/serviço vendido pela empresa. A partir das categorias finais, retorna-se à pergunta de pesquisa, de modo a providenciar contribuições da tese para o campo, que são: (a) ampliar a discussão sobre criação de valor em Estudos Organizacionais, identificando diferentes conceitos e novas formas de apropriação do valor pelo capital implicados nas interações e interfaces entre trabalho e consumo; (b) demonstrar como a operacionalização da Análise de Conteúdo pode auxiliar na organização de dados empíricos virtuais (análise do site); (c) estimular que Estudos de Caso sejam, com mais frequência, realizados em organizações cujo trabalho seja imaterial por excelência.

An observational and theoretical study of the structure and propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Influence apart from Adoption: How Interaction between Programming and Scientific Practices Shapes Modes of Inquiry in Four Oceanography Teams

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Genetic diversity and population structure of Tasmanian devils, the largest marsupial carnivore

Genetic diversity and population structure were investigated across the core range of Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus laniarius; Dasyuridae), a wide-ranging marsupial carnivore restricted to the island of Tasmania. Heterozygosity (0.386-0.467) and allelic diversity (2.7-3.3) were low in all subpopulations and allelic size ranges were small and almost continuous, consistent with a founder effect. Island effects and repeated periods of low population density may also have contributed to the low variation. Within continuous habitat, gene flow appears extensive up to 50 km (high assignment rates to source or close neighbour populations; nonsignificant values of pairwise F-ST), in agreement with movement data. At larger scales (150-250 km), gene flow is reduced (significant pairwise F-ST) but there is no evidence for isolation by distance. The most substantial genetic structuring was observed for comparisons spanning unsuitable habitat, implying limited dispersal of devils between the well-connected, eastern populations and a smaller northwestern population. The genetic distinctiveness of the northwestern population was reflected in all analyses: unique alleles; multivariate analyses of gene frequency (multidimensional scaling, minimum spanning tree, nearest neighbour); high self-assignment (95%); two distinct populations for Tasmania were detected in isolation by distance and in Bayesian model-based clustering analyses. Marsupial carnivores appear to have stronger population subdivisions than their placental counterparts.

Interagency collaboration between child protection and mental health services: Practices, attitudes and barriers

Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine some of the factors that facilitate and hinder interagency collaboration between child protection services and mental health services in cases where there is a parent with a mental illness and there are protection concerns for the child(ren). The paper reports on agency practices, worker attitudes and experiences, and barriers to effective collaboration. Method: A self-administered, cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed via direct mail or via line supervisors to workers in statutory child protection services, adult mental health services, child and youth mental health services, and Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN) Teams. There were 232 completed questionnaires returned, with an overall response rate of 21%. Thirty-eight percent of respondents were statutory child protection workers. 39% were adult mental health workers, 16% were child and youth mental health workers, and 4% were SCAN Team medical officers (with 3% missing data). Results: Analysis revealed that workers were engaging in a moderate amount of interagency contact, but that they were unhappy with the support provided by their agency. Principle components analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on items assessing attitudes toward other workers identified four factors, which differed in rates of endorsement: inadequate training, positive regard for child protection workers, positive regard for mental health workers, and mutual mistrust (from highest to lowest level of endorsement). The same procedure identified the relative endorsement of five factors extracted from items about potential barriers: inadequate resources, confidentiality, gaps in interagency processes, unrealistic expectations, and professional knowledge domains and boundaries. Conclusions: Mental health and child protection professionals believe that collaborative practice is necessary; however, their efforts are hindered by a lack of supportive structures and practices at the organizational level. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Application and evaluation of classification trees for screening unwanted plants

Risk assessment systems for introduced species are being developed and applied globally, but methods for rigorously evaluating them are still in their infancy. We explore classification and regression tree models as an alternative to the current Australian Weed Risk Assessment system, and demonstrate how the performance of screening tests for unwanted alien species may be quantitatively compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The optimal classification tree model for predicting weediness included just four out of a possible 44 attributes of introduced plants examined, namely: (i) intentional human dispersal of propagules; (ii) evidence of naturalization beyond native range; (iii) evidence of being a weed elsewhere; and (iv) a high level of domestication. Intentional human dispersal of propagules in combination with evidence of naturalization beyond a plants native range led to the strongest prediction of weediness. A high level of domestication in combination with no evidence of naturalization mitigated the likelihood of an introduced plant becoming a weed resulting from intentional human dispersal of propagules. Unlikely intentional human dispersal of propagules combined with no evidence of being a weed elsewhere led to the lowest predicted probability of weediness. The failure to include intrinsic plant attributes in the model suggests that either these attributes are not useful general predictors of weediness, or data and analysis were inadequate to elucidate the underlying relationship(s). This concurs with the historical pessimism that we will ever be able to accurately predict invasive plants. Given the apparent importance of propagule pressure (the number of individuals of an species released), future attempts at evaluating screening model performance for identifying unwanted plants need to account for propagule pressure when collating and/or analysing datasets. The classification tree had a cross-validated sensitivity of 93.6% and specificity of 36.7%. Based on the area under the ROC curve, the performance of the classification tree in correctly classifying plants as weeds or non-weeds was slightly inferior (Area under ROC curve = 0.83 +/- 0.021 (+/- SE)) to that of the current risk assessment system in use (Area under ROC curve = 0.89 +/- 0.018 (+/- SE)), although requires many fewer questions to be answered.

Onset of sheath extension and duration of lamina extension are major determinants of the response of maize lamina length to plant density

Background and Aims Plants regulate their architecture strongly in response to density, and there is evidence that this involves changes in the duration of leaf extension. This questions the approximation, central in crop models, that development follows a fixed thermal time schedule. The aim of this research is to investigate, using maize as a model, how the kinetics of extension of grass leaves change with density, and to propose directions for inclusion of this regulation in plant models. • Methods Periodic dissection of plants allowed the establishment of the kinetics of lamina and sheath extension for two contrasting sowing densities. The temperature of the growing zone was measured with thermocouples. Two-phase (exponential plus linear) models were fitted to the data, allowing analysis of the timing of the phase changes of extension, and the extension rate of sheaths and blades during both phases. • Key Results The duration of lamina extension dictated the variation in lamina length between treatments. The lower phytomers were longer at high density, with delayed onset of sheath extension allowing more time for the lamina to extend. In the upper phytomers—which were shorter at high density—the laminae had a lower relative extension rate (RER) in the exponential phase and delayed onset of linear extension, and less time available for extension since early sheath extension was not delayed. • Conclusions The relative timing of the onset of fast extension of the lamina with that of sheath development is the main determinant of the response of lamina length to density. Evidence is presented that the contrasting behaviour of lower and upper phytomers is related to differing regulation of sheath ontogeny before and after panicle initiation. A conceptual model is proposed to explain how the observed asynchrony between lamina and sheath development is regulated.

UMA VISÃO BASEADA EM RECURSOS COM DIRECIONAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO: UMA PROPOSTA ÀS INSTITUIÇÕES DE SAÚDE HOSPITALARES PÚBLICAS

Este trabalho investiga a utilização da Visão Baseada em Recursos, tendo por objetivo propor um modelo de gestão de pessoas que atenda a exigibilidade da qualidade de prestação de serviços à saúde. São observadas as relações de trabalho nesses serviços nas diversas modalidades, a sistematização do conhecimento sobre os elementos que figuram na gestão de pessoas e a verificação da necessidade de Gestão Operacional e Estratégica de Pessoas para trabalhadores das Instituições de Saúde Hospitalares Públicas. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza empírico-exploratória, apoiada em múltiplos casos de hospitais públicos, entrevistando e registrando fatos observados nos locais pesquisados, aplicando-se o Protocolo de Observações. Para atingir o objetivo principal, são utilizados os fundamentos das obras de Marras (2001; 2003 e 2005): Relações Trabalhistas no Brasil: administração e estratégia; Administração de Recursos Humanos: do operacional ao estratégico; e Gestão de Pessoas em Empresas Inovadoras, respectivamente. Além das observações participantes, utilizaram-se entrevistas e questionários com os usuários e profissionais dos hospitais, com instrumentos adaptados para o contexto da instituição e dado tratamento estatístico para análise dos resultados, que se apresentam em tabelas para melhor visualização dos dados e análise. A Gestão de Pessoas nas ISHP permanecem no modelo tradicional e longe de qualquer movimento que possa torná-la estratégica. O nível de satisfação dos pacientes para com os profissionais de saúde é ótimo, mas quanto aos recursos e infra-estrutura, é baixo. Os profissionais de saúde na quase sua totalidade trabalham por vocação, espírito de humanização e por acharem gratificante, embora o nível de insatisfação com a remuneração recebida seja elevado.(AU)

UM ESTUDO DO PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA EM UMA ESCOLA DO SISTEMA S

Este trabalho teve como propósito a análise da gestão democrática de uma escola do Sistema S, especificamente o Centro Educacional SESI Nº 406, localizado na cidade de Mauá, uma das 211 escolas que compõem a Rede Escolar SESI do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2007, tendo como referência a análise do contexto histórico das lutas travadas pela democratização da sociedade no período que sucede a ditadura militar. O ensino como direito de todos, os mecanismos de participação, a inserção da comunidade escolar nos processos decisórios e a construção da gestão democrática da escola, foram movimentos que acompanharam o processo de redemocratização da sociedade no início da década de 1980. O estudo discute os caminhos trilhados para a conquista da gestão democrática, identificando mudanças e as transformações ocorridas no período em questão. Utilizamos como recurso para a coleta de dados a análise de documentos da instituição, a observação participante, a coleta de depoimentos escritos e gravados de alunos, professores e demais integrantes da comunidade escolar. Os dados desta pesquisa revelam que a mudança de postura do gestor, no sentido de possibilitar a diluição do poder, é imprescindível para a ruptura dos modelos de administração verticalizada e centralizadora, tendo este o gestor o papel fundamental de articulador das ações que priorizem o coletivo. Os resultados evidenciam o reconhecimento positivo do conjunto de atores sociais entrevistados quanto aos avanços da gestão democrática, considerada é um processo em construção. Concluímos com Coutinho (2004), que a democracia deve ser entendida não como um estado, mas sempre como um processo.

CONSELHO DE CLASSE E SÉRIE PARTICIPATIVO: DIFÍCIL APRENDIZAGEM PARA UMA PRÁTICA DEMOCRÁTICA

A presente pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, está direcionada à análise das políticas educacionais ligadas à democratização da gestão escolar e demais processos escolares ligados à avaliação. Nesse contexto, é evidenciado o Conselho de Classe e Série, pois esse vem se concretizando como um dos espaços que favorecem a participação de pais e alunos, tornando-se fator determinante para a qualidade da democratização da gestão escolar e do ensino-aprendizagem. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em três momentos: (1) análise da documentação escolar; (2) estudo de caso em duas instituições escolares da Rede Pública de São Paulo e (3) entrevistas com pais, alunos, professores e gestores que serviram de parâmetros para saber como estão realizadas as reuniões de Conselho de Classe e Série. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram voltados para verificar como vem sendo estruturada a participação da comunidade na construção da gestão democrática da escola, principalmente nas práticas do Conselho de Classe e Série.(AU)

Social capital and tacit knowledge sharing in organisational projects in Malaysian ICT companies

An increasing number of organisational researchers have turned to social capital theory in an attempt to better understand the impetus for knowledge sharing at the individual and organisational level. This thesis extends that research by investigating the impact of social capital on knowledge sharing at the group-level in the organisational project context. The objective of the thesis is to investigate the importance of social capital in fostering tacit knowledge sharing among the team members of a project. The analytical focus is on the Nahapiet and Ghoshal framework of social capital but also includes elements of other scholars' work. In brief, social capital is defined as an asset that is embedded in the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit. It is argued that the main dimensions of social capital that are of relevance to knowledge sharing are structural, cognitive, and relational because these, among other things, foster the exchange and combination of knowledge and resources among the team members. Empirically, the study is based on the grounded theory method. Data were collected from five projects in large, medium, and small ICT companies in Malaysia. Underpinned by the constant comparative method, data were derived from 55 interviews, and observations. The data were analysed using open, axial, and selective coding. The analysis also involved counting frequency occurrence from the coding generated by grounded theory to find the important items and categories under social capital dimensions and knowledge sharing, and for further explaining sub-groups within the data. The analysis shows that the most important dimension for tacit knowledge sharing is structural capital. Most importantly, the findings also suggest that structural capital is a prerequisite of cognitive capital and relational capital at the group-level in an organisational project. It also found that in a project context, relational capital is hard to realise because it requires time and frequent interactions among the team members. The findings from quantitative analysis show that frequent meetings and interactions, relationship, positions, shared visions, shared objectives, and collaboration are among the factors that foster the sharing of tacit knowledge among the team members. In conclusion, the present study adds to the existing literature on social capital in two main ways. Firstly, it distinguishes the dimensions of social capital and identifies that structural capital is the most important dimension in social capital and it is a prerequisite of cognitive and relational capital in a project context. Secondly, it identifies the causal sequence in the dimension of social capital suggesting avenues for further theoretical and empirical work in this emerging area of inquiry.

Studies of solar radiation and its measurement

A mathematical model has been developed for predicting the spectral distribution of solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface. The solar spectrum in the wavelength range 0.29 to 4.0 micrometers has been divided in 144 intervals. Two variables in the model are the atmospheric water vapour content and atmospheric turbidity. After allowing for absorption and scattering in the atmosphere, the spectral intensity of direct and diffuse components of radiation are computed. When the predicted radiation levels are compared with the measured values for the total radiation and the values with glass filters RG715, RG630 and OG530, a close agreement (± 5%) has been achieved under clear sky conditions. A solar radiation measuring facility, close to the centre of Birmingham, has been set up utilising a microcomputer based data logging system. A suite of computer programs in the BASIC programming language has been developed and extensively tested for solar radiation data, logging, analysis and plotting. Two commonly used instruments, the Eppley PSP pyranometer and the Kipp and Zonen CM5 pyranometer, have been compared under different experimental conditions. Three models for computing the inclined plane irradiation, using total and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface, have been tested for Birmingham. The anisotropic-alI-sky model, proposed by Klucher, provides a good agreement between the measured and the predicted radiation levels. Measurements of solar spectral distribution, using glass filters, are also reported for a number of inclines facing South.

A comparison of U.S. and Japanese management systems and their transferability to Singapore industry

This research compares U.S. and Japanese management systems and evaluates their transferability to the Singaporean manufacturing industry. The objectives were:- a) To determine the effectiveness of U.S. and Japanese management systems when applied to Singapore. b) Determine the extent of transferability of U.S. and Japanese management systems to Singapore. c) Survey general problems ecountered in the application of U.S. and Japanese management systems to the Singapore industry. The study using questionnaire survey and interviews covered a total of eighty companies from four groups of firms in four industrial sectors comprising of U.S. and Japanese subsidiaries based in Singapore and their respective parent companies. Data from the questionnaires and interviews were used to investigate environmental conditions, management philosophy, management functions/practices, management effectiveness, and firm productivity. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the questionnaire data. The analysis of the perceptual data from the questionnaire survey and interviews suggested that both U.S. and Japanese parent companies performed better in almost all the management variables studied when compared to their subsidiaries in Singapore. U.S. subsidiaries have less difficulty in adjusting to the Singapore environmental conditions and obtained better results than the Japanese subsidiaries in management functions/practices and management philosophy than the U.S. subsidiaries. In addition, the firm productivity (in terms of labour and capital productivity) of U.S. subsidiaries in Singapore was found to be higher than those of the Japanese subsidiaries. It was found that the Japanese parent companies returned the highest score among the four groups of firms in all the four industrial sectors for all the four management variables (i.e. environmental conditions, management philosophy, management functions/practices, and management effectiveness) surveyed using questionnaires. In contrast, the average score for Japanese subsidiaries in Singapore was generally the lowest among the four groups of firms. Thus the results of this study suggest that the transfer of U.S. management system into the Singapore industry is more successful than the Japanese management system. The problems encountered in the application of U.S. and Japanese management in Singapore were identified and discussed by the study. General recommendations for the Singaporean manufacturing industry were then made based on the findings of the questionnaire survey and interview analysis.

Decompression illness and its regulation in contemporary UK tunnelling : an engineering perspective:an engineering perspective

This thesis records the findings of a retrospective study of decompression illness (DCI) in the UK compressed air tunnelling industry since the mid-1980s. The thesis describes how the study arose, its scope and objectives, along with an overview of tunnelling and shaft-sinking. The development of compressed air working techniques is reviewed along with a description of decompression practice and DCI, and an outline of relevant legislation and guidance. The acquisition and manipulation of data to form a number of databases and spreadsheets on which the analysis was performed is discussed. That analysis examined measures of DCI incidence and quantified that incidence using these measures. Also considered is the variation in tolerance and susceptibility to DCI in the workforce, and the phenomenon of acclimatisation. An examination of the extent to which men worked on multiple contracts and the variation in their susceptibility to DCI on these contracts is included. Options are then considered for reducing the incidence of DCI. The first retained air-only decompression through the application of restrictions on exposure. The second related to the use of oxygen decompression. Finally the adequacy of the existing Regulations and Guidance is considered and recommendations made for possible changes to them, arising from the study. The main conclusions are that a number of measures of DCI incidence were identified, some more appropriate than others and that the incidence of DCI when so measured was high, disproportionately so in shift workers. No reasonably practicable restrictions on exposure were identified which would have allowed the retention of air-only decompression. Oxygen decompression looked promising but had yet to be used sufficiently extensively to generate enough data for analysis. Recommendations included one that an alternative technique for monitoring the effectiveness of decompression should be developed. The thesis ends with recommendations for further research.