Ageing, solidarity and social protection: time for progress towards equality. Third Regional Intergovernmental Conference on Ageing in Latin America and the Caribbean, San José, 8-11 May 2012

This publication summarizes the "Report on application of the Brasilia Declaration and the Regional Strategy for the Implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing", which will be presented at the Third Regional Intergovernmental Conference on Ageing in Latin America and the Caribbean, to be held in San José from 8 to 11 May 2012.

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean N° 41

• Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Tariffs and subsidies: the current situation and trends in the region ; State-owned utilities and the flight from public law: challenges and trends ; Challenges and opportunities in access to water and sanitation in rural areas.-- Meetings: Proposals based on the Water and Environment Initiative consensuses.-- News of the Network: Peru’s Compensation Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services Act ; Ecuador’s Act on Water Resources and Water Use and Exploitation ; The environmental dynamics of groundwater in Mexico ; The Water Citizenship Programme in the province of Mendoza, Argentina.-- Internet and WWW News

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 42

Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Conceptual change in regulation in a model of public service provision ; Policies and institutional frameworks for drinking water supply and sanitation ; Strategies for low-carbon development in megacities in Latin America ; Adapting to climate change in water management in the irrigation sector.-- Meetings: Towards a vision on natural resource governance for equality ; Water resources faced with uncertainty and the risk of climate change ; Regulation challenges in the water sector.-- News of the Network: Lessons to be drawn from the interprovincial Colorado River flow distribution agreement ; Rural drinking water programme in Chile ; Ecuador’s Act on Water Resources and Water Use and Exploitation.-- Internet and WWW News

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 2

The second issue of the Circular marks the first milestone in the life of the Network, because it fulfils our intent to publish it on a regular basis at least twice a year. The emphasis in this issue is on planning at the level of the river basin.

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 4

The fourth issue of this circular represents a milestone for the Network, since it fulfills our objective of publishing the circular at least twice a year. In this issue, we will continue our discussion on the role of the private sector in the provision of public water-related services

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 5

In this issue of the Circular, we present the second part of the discussion on regulation of private-sector participation in water-related services. The editorial addresses the issue of integrated water resources management with local participation at the river basin level in the countries of the region.

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 7

Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: public policies for sustainable development.-- Meetings: Workshop for Managers of River Basin Organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean ; General Assembly of the International Network of Basin Organizations ; Seminar workshop on environmental accounting for water resources in Chile.-- Future activities.-- Courses.-- CELAA, CINARA and IMTA.-- Internet and WWW News

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 26

Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Formulation of new regulatory frameworks for water supply and sanitation services ; The problem of provision of public goods.-- News of the network: Matanza-Riachuelo River basin authority, Argentina ; Venezuelan water law.-- Meetings: Fifth Brazilian Congress on Regulation ; Experience of water management in the Southern Cone.-- Courses: Course on international investment agreements, water and public services.-- Internet and WWW news

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 38

Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Using performance indicators to monitor drinking water supply and sewerage services ; Implications of biofuel development for water management and use.-- News of the Network: Reflections of URSEA in Uruguay, 10 years after its creation ; National Environmental Sanitation Strategy of El Salvador.-- Meetings: Workshop on Transboundary Water Cooperation (Buenos Aires, Argentina) ; Importance of the value of water: lessons and challenges (Lima, Peru).-- Internet and WWW News

Inclusive social development: The next generation of policies for overcoming poverty and reducing inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean

Foreword by Alicia Bárcena

Development and Validation of A Stability-Indicating Mekc Method for Determination of Flucloxacillin Sodium in Capsules

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Brazilian policies and strategies for rural territorial development in Mozambique: South-South cooperation and the case of ProSAVANA and PAA

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Development and validation of a stability-indicative turbidimetric assay to determine the potency of doxycycline hyclate in tablets

The doxycycline (DOX) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in several countries. This drug is part of the list of medicines to the SUS (Unified Health System), a model of health care in Brazil. This study describes the development and validation of a microbiological assay, applying the turbidimetric method for the determination of DOX, as well as the evaluation of the ability of the method in determining the stability of DOX in tablets against acidic and basic hydrolysis, photolytic and oxidative degradations, using Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 as micro-organism test and 3×3 parallel line assay design, with nine tubes for each assay, as recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The developed and validated method showed excellent results of linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The assay is based on the inhibitory effect of DOX using Escherichia coli ATCC 10536. The results of the assay were treated by analysis of variance and were found to be linear (r= 0.9986) in the range from 4.0 to 9.0μg/mL, precise (repeatability R.S.D.= 0.99 and intermediate precision was confirmed by statistical analysis the mean values obtained from analysis by different analysts) and exact (97.73%). DOX solution exposed to direct UV light, alkaline and acid hydrolysis and hydrogen peroxide causing oxidation were used to evaluate the specificity of the bioassay. Comparison of bioassay and liquid chromatography showed differences in results between methodologies. The results showed that the bioassay is valid, simple and useful alternative methodology for DOX determination in routine quality control.

Development and validation of a stability-indicative agar diffusion assay to determine the potency of flucloxacillin sodium in capsules

Flucloxacillin sodium (FLU) is a semi-synthetic penicillin active against many gram-positive bacteria such as streptococci and penicilinase-producing staphylococci, including methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. This study describes the development and validation of a microbiological assay, applying the diffusion agar method for the determination of FLU, as well as the evaluation of the ability of the method in determining the stability of FLU in capsules against acidic and basic hydrolysis, photolytic and oxidative degradations, using S. aureus ATCC 25923 as micro-organism test and 3 x 3 parallel line assay design (three doses of the standard and three doses of the sample in each plate), with six plates for each assay, according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The validation method showed good results including linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and selectivity. The assay is based on the inhibitory effect of FLU using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The results of the assay were treated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and were found to be linear (r = 0.9997) in the range from 1.5 to 6.0 μg/mL, precise (repeatability: R.S.D. = 1.63 and intermediate precision: R.S.D. = 1.64) and accurate (98.96%). FLU solution (from the capsules) exposed to direct UVC light (254 nm), alkaline and acid hydrolysis and hydrogen peroxide causing oxidation were used to evaluate the specificity of the bioassay. Comparison of bioassay and liquid chromatography by ANOVA showed no difference between methodologies. The results demonstrated the validity of the proposed bioassay, which is a simple and useful alternative methodology for FLU determination in routine quality control.