Sentido de pertenencia, compromiso afectivo y probabilidad de continuar en el futuro en empleados que proporcionan servicios de contact center en España y en Perú

Actualmente muchas empresas especializadas en servicios de contact center afincadas en España trasladan la producción de sus servicios a algunos países sudamericanos con el objetivo de reducir costes y aumentar el rendimiento empresarial. Pero estas empresas deben afrontar problemas nuevos en dichos países que no encuentran cuando sus servicios se producen en España, como una elevada tasa de rotación de los empleados. Con el objetivo de abordar el estudio de los factores que pueden explicar las diferentes tasas de rotación encontradas en este tipo de empresas en función del país de producción, se analiza la relación que presentan el compromiso organizacional y el sentido de pertenencia, dos constructos que la investigación previa ha mostrado que se asocian a la permanencia de los empleados, y la probabilidad de continuar a corto y largo plazo e dichas empresas. Un total de 321 empleados peruanos y 364 empleados españoles pertenecientes a una misma empresa cumplimentaron un cuestionario que permitía medir las variables descritas. Los resultados hallados muestran que los empleados peruanos tienen mayores niveles de sentido de pertenencia y compromiso organizacional en comparación con la muestra de empleados españoles. A pesar de ello, no se asocian a la probabilidad de continuar en la empresa a corto plazo, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en la muestra española. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos.

Adolescent’s subjective perceptions of chronic disease and related psychosocial factors: Highlights from an outpatient context study

Background: Adolescents with chronic disease (CD) can be more vulnerable to adverse psychosocial outcomes. This study aims: 1) to identify differences in psychosocial variables (health-related quality of life, psychosomatic complaints, resilience, self-regulation and social support) among adolescents who feel that CD affects or does not affect school/peers connectedness (measured by self-reported participation in school and social activities); and 2) to assess the extent to which psychosocial variables are associated with connectedness in school and peer domains. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 135 adolescents with CD (51.9% boys), average age of 14 ± 1. 5 years old (SD = 1.5). Socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables were assessed, using a self-reported questionnaire, which included the Chronic Conditions Short Questionnaire, KIDSCREEN-10 Index, Symptoms Check-List, Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module Scale, Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory, and Satisfaction with Social Support Scale. Descriptive statistics, GLM-Univariate ANCOVA and Logistic Regression were performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Thirteen to eighteen percent of the adolescents felt that CD affected participation at school (PSCH) and participation in leisure time with friends (PLTF). These adolescents presented lower results for all psychosocial study variables, when compared with adolescents who did not feel affected in both areas of participation. From the studied psychosocial variables, the most important ones associated with PSCH (after controlling for age, gender, diagnosis, and education level of father/mother) were self-regulation and psychosomatic health. Concerning the PLTF, social support was the sole variable explaining such association. Conclusions: The present study pointed out the association between psychosocial variables; and living with a CD and school/peers connectedness. The need to focus on the assessment of the effects of a CD on adolescents’ lives and contexts is suggested, as well as on the identification of vulnerable adolescents. Such identification could help to facilitate the maximization of social participation of adolescents with CD, and to plan interventions centered on providing support and opportunities for a healthy youth development. For that purpose, a complex and multifactorial approach that includes clinicians, schools, family, and peers may be proposed.

Evidence synthesis and translation for nutrition interventions to combat micronutrient deficiencies with particular focus on food fortification

Over two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Food fortification is a prominent nutrition intervention to combat such deficiencies; however, its effectiveness, risks, and ethical implications vary depending on the contexts associated with the deficiency it is addressing and the circumstances with its implementation. The aim of this research was to analyse the profile of nutrition interventions for combating micronutrient deficiency with particular focus on food fortification reported in existing systematic reviews (SRs), guidelines and policy statements, and implementation actions for nutrition. A review of secondary data available from online databases of SRs, guidelines and policy statements, and implementation actions, categorised as either "nutrition-specific interventions" (NSpI) or "nutrition-sensitive interventions" (NSeI), was conducted. Currently, there is evidence available for a diversity of food fortification topics, and there has been much translation into action. Indeed, food fortification and micronutrient supplementation interventions and NSpI more broadly dominate the profile of interventions for which there were SRs, guidelines, and policy statements available. The findings demonstrate that, although there is a rational linear relationship between evidence synthesis and translation in formulating policy and actions to combat micronutrient deficiencies, the various nutrition interventions available to help combat micronutrient deficiencies are not equally represented in the evidence synthesis and translation processes. Effective and safe policies and actions to combat micronutrient deficiencies require decisions to be informed from a body of evidence that consists of evidence from a variety of interventions. Into the future, investment in making available a higher number of SRs, guidelines and policy statements, and actions of NSeI is indicated.

Characterization of medieval glass artefacts from Miranduolo site, Chiusdino, Italy

This archaeovitreological study deals with artefacts of Miranduolo site, Tuscany region (Italy), dated 1250-1350 AD. The Miranduolo site is a medieval hill-village dated from 7th to 14th century. The information obtained reveal that Miranduolo was under control of noble families, which displayed the social, economic and political power. It is marked by controlling the farmers and metal workers on the site, as well as having control over agricultural surpluses. No in situ glass workshop has been recovered, implying that the glass artefacts were imported. One aim of this work is application of SEM-EDS to visualize textural characteristics and thickness of the pristine glass and corrosion layers. Preliminary qualification and semi-quantification of major and minor chemical elements will provide the data on the glass group present and fluxes employed. The data obtained will be integrated with the one obtained by more sensitive techniques such as PIXE/PIGE and LA-ICP-MS. Twenty cross-sections of transparent glasses (colorless, azure, and different hues of yellow and) have been analyzed by VP-SEM. All the analyzed glasses display a homogenous matrix. Only four samples (MD 24, MD 139, MD 143, MD 259) show corrosion layers of various thickness with 2.25μm, 136-500 μm, 26.8 μm and 17.01 μm. EDS linescan analyses indicate strong depletion in the corrosion layers of Na and K, while Ca depletes to a minor extent. In general, both glass composition and the burial conditions were favorable for preservation. Samples can be classified as mainly plant ash Na-Ca-Si glasses made with both unpurified and purified Levantine ash. Only sample MD 243 is made from Barilla plant ash. Sample MD 139 cannot be classified into main compositional groups as K2O is 1.33 wt% and MgO 5.92 wt%. In 8 samples MnO content is lower than 0.8 wt%, meaning that in these samples MnO is naturally present. In other 12 samples, MnO above 0.8 wt% indicates deliberate addition as a decolorant agent to intentionally obtain different hues or the amount added was not successful in making the glass transparent. The results considering fluxes are compatible with archaeovitreological study from contemporary primary glass workshops in Tuscany. For determining the provenance of silica sources, further analysis with more sensitive techniques has to be carried out; Resumo: Este estudo “arqueovitreologia” lida com artefatos do local Miranduolo, região da Toscana (Itália), datados de 1250-1350 AD. O sitio de Miranduolo é uma colina vila medieval datada do séc.VII ao séc.XIV. As informações obtidas revelam que Miranduolo estava sob o controle de famílias nobres, que exibiu o poder social, económico e político. É marcado por controlar os agricultores e trabalhadores do metal no sitio, bem como ter controlo sobre os excedentes agrícolas. Não há na oficina de vidro in situ foi recuperado, o que implica que os artefactos de vidro foram importados. Um dos objetivos deste trabalho é a aplicação de SEM-EDS para visualizar características de textura e espessura das camadas de corrosão do vidro também como da áreas originais. qualificação preliminar e semi-quantificação de maiores e menores elementos químicos irá fornecer os dados sobre o grupo presente vidro e fluxos empregado. Os dados obtidos são integrados com os dados obtidos por meio de técnicas mais sensíveis, como PIXE / PIGE e LA-ICP-MS. Vinte secções transversais de vidros transparentes (incolor, azul celeste, e diferentes tons de amarelo) foram analisados por VP-SEM. Todos os vidros analisados exibir uma matriz homogénea. Apenas quatro amostras (MD 24, MD 139, MD 143, MD 259) mostram camadas de corrosão de várias espessuras com 2.25μm, 136-500μm, 26,8μm e 17,01μm. Análises Linescan EDS indicam forte esgotamento nas camadas de corrosão de Na e K, enquanto Ca esgota, em menor grau. Em geral, tanto a composição de vidro e as condições de depósito foram favoráveis para a preservação. As amostras podem ser classificados como vidros principalmente Na-Ca-Si feitas com cinzas de plantas do tipo levantino, não purificada e purificada. Apenas a amostra MD 243 é feita a partir de cinzas vegetais tipo “Barilla”. A amostra MD 139 não pode ser classificada em grupos principais de composição porque K2O é 1,33% em peso e MgO 5,92% em peso. Em 8 amostras, o teor de MnO é menor do que 0,8% em peso, o que significa que nestas amostras MnO está naturalmente presente. Em outras 12 amostras, MnO acima de 0,8% em peso indica adição intencional como um agente de colorante para obter intencionalmente diferentes matizes ou o valor acrescentado não foi bem sucedido em fazer o vidro transparente. Os resultados, considerando os fluxos são compatíveis com o estudo “arqueovitreologico” com as principais oficinas de vidro contemporâneos na Toscana. Para determinar a origem das fontes de sílica, uma análise mais aprofundada com técnicas mais sensíveis tem de ser levada a cabo.

Decomposição e liberação de nutrientes de resíduos culturais em áreas de plantio de soja (Glycine max) sob plantio direto no Cerrado Goiano.

A avaliação da decomposição dos resíduos vegetais adicionados ao solo pelas plantas de cobertura permite uma melhor compreensão do fornecimento de nutrientes para as culturas de interesse comercial. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a taxas de decomposição e a dinâmica da liberação de N de resíduos culturais na entre safra da Soja sob plantio direto. Os resíduos utilizados foram a braquiária (Brachiaria sp.) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). A produção média de biomassa de braquiária foi de 6,1 Mg ha-1 e de 3,8 Mg ha-1 no tratamento com sorgo. A decomposição da matéria seca e a liberação de nutrientes foram monitoradas por meio de coletas dos resíduos contidos em sacolas de decomposição, realizadas 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 dias após a adição das sacolas de decomposição nas áreas de estudo. Os T1/2 da massa seca remanescente diferiram estatisticamente entre os sistemas avaliados. A braquiária apresentou menores valores de meia vida quando comparados ao sorgo. Este comportamento pode ser atribuído provavelmente, às grandes quantidades de biomassa acumulada pela braquiária, favorecendo maiores teores de umidade no solo, e uma menor relação C/N da braquiária quando comparada ao sorgo.