Sub-barrier fusion of two-neutron halo nuclei

The tunneling of composite systems, where breakup may occur during the barrier penetration process, is considered in connection with the fusion of halo-like radioactive, neutron- and proton-rich nuclei, on heavy targets. The large amount of recent and new data clearly indicates that breakup hinders the fusion at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier. However, clear evidence for enhancement due to halo properties seems to over ride the breakup hindrance at lower energies, owing, to a large extent, to the extended matter density distribution. In particular we report here that at sub-barrier energies the fusion cross section of the Borromean two-neutron halo nucleus (6)He with the actinide nucleus (238)U is significantly enhanced as compared to the fusion of a similar projectile with no halo. This conclusion differs from that of the original work, where it was claimed that no such enhancement ensues. This sub-barrier fusion enhancement is also observed in the (6)He + (209)Bi system. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

FUSION ENHANCEMENT/SUPPRESSION AND IRREVERSIBILITY IN REACTIONS INDUCED BY WEAKLY BOUND NUCLEI

We show that halo effects enhance fusion cross sections of weakly bound systems, comparing with the situation when there is no-halo. We introduce dimensionless fusion functions and energy variable quantity to investigate systematical trends in the fusion cross sections of weakly bound nuclei at near-barrier energies. We observe very clearly complete fusion suppression at energies above the barrier due to dynamic effects of the breakup on fusion. We explain this suppression in terms of the repulsive polarization potential produced by the breakup.

Breakup effects in fusion and total reaction cross sections of weakly bound systems

We use a new technique to investigate the systematic behavior of near barrier complete fusion, total fusion and total reaction cross sections of weakly bound systems. A dimensionless fusion excitation function is used as a benchmark to which renormalized fusion data are compared and dynamic breakup effects can be disentangled from static effects. The same reduction procedure is used to study the effect of the direct reaction mechanisms on the total reaction cross section.

Reaction functions for weakly bound systems

We propose a new technique to analyze total reaction cross sections. In this technique, which has been previously applied to fusion reactions, the experimental data are used to build a dimensionless reaction function, which does not depend oil the system size or details of the optical potential. In this way, total reaction cross sections for different systems can be directly compared. We employ this technique to perform a systematic study of reaction cross sections of weakly bound systems in different mass ranges, and compare their reaction functions with the ones of tightly bound systems with similar masses. We show that breakup reactions and neutron transfers in halo systems lead to large reaction functions, well above the ones of typical tightly or weakly bound stable systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamic effects of breakup on fusion reactions of weakly bound nuclei

The traditional reduction methods to represent the fusion cross sections of different systems are flawed when attempting to completely eliminate the geometrical aspects, such as the heights and radii of the barriers, and the static effects associated with the excess neutrons or protons in weakly bound nuclei. We remedy this by introducing a new dimensionless universal function, which allows the separation and disentanglement of the static and dynamic aspects of the breakup coupling effects connected with the excess nucleons. Applying this new reduction procedure to fusion data of several weakly bound systems, we find a systematic suppression of complete fusion above the Coulomb barrier and enhancement below it. Different behaviors are found for the total fusion cross sections. They are appreciably suppressed in collisions of neutron-halo nuclei, while they are practically not affected by the breakup coupling in cases of stable weakly bound nuclei. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Disentangling static and dynamic effects of low breakup threshold in fusion reactions

A new technique to analyze fusion data is developed. From experimental cross sections and results of coupled-channel calculations a dimensionless function is constructed. In collisions of strongly bound nuclei this quantity is very close to a universal function of a variable related to the collision energy, whereas for weakly bound projectiles the effects of breakup coupling are measured by the deviations with respect to this universal function. This technique is applied to collisions of stable and unstable weakly bound isotopes.

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Mensuração e análise da eficiência técnica de produção do setor metal-mecânico da indústria de Caxias do Sul

O Setor Metal-Mecânico da indústria de Caxias do Sul, a exemplo da indústria nacional, apresentou variações positivas de produtividade da mão-de-obra para todos os seus gêneros produtivos, no período 1995/2000. No entanto, as taxas de crescimento oscilaram significativamente entre os gêneros, indicando a existência de diferenças de desempenho entre eles. O desempenho das empresas depende da eficiência do emprego da tecnologia de produção e as diferenças podem estar associadas às mudanças organizacionais, decorrentes da reestruturação produtiva motivada pela abertura comercial, e levadas a cabo pela adoção de medidas que busquem a qualificação dos processos produtivos das empresas para aumentar a competitividade nos mercados interno e externo. Buscou-se, nesse estudo, mensurar a eficiência técnica do setor Metal- Mecânico de Caxias do Sul, analisando a evolução dos seus níveis, no período 1995/2000, e a capacidade das medidas de qualificação adotadas em aumentar a eficiência das empresas. Para tanto, utilizou-se a técnica da estimação da função de produção de fronteira, a partir da qual se estimaram os níveis de eficiência técnica dos gêneros produtivos do Setor. Além disso, avaliou-se a capacidade das medidas de qualificação em aumentar a probabilidade das empresas obterem eficiência, através da estimação de um modelo probit. Constatou-se que a eficiência técnica dos gêneros produtivos do Setor é alta e seus níveis se elevaram, significativamente, no período 1995/2000. Ao mesmo tempo, constatou-se que o treinamento de mão-de-obra, a busca de assessoria/consultoria externa, a exigência de certificação de qualidade para fornecedores e a importação de matérias-primas são medidas que aumentam a probabilidade das empresas do Setor se tornarem mais eficientes.