998 resultados para Campaign literature, 1860


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BACKGROUND: The A3243G point mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is associated with MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) and MIDD syndromes (maternally inherited diabetes and deafness). Both MELAS and MIDD patients can present with visual symptoms due to a retinopathy, sometimes before the genetic diagnosis is made. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient 1: 46 year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and hearing loss was referred for an unspecified maculopathy detected during screening evaluation for diabetic retinopathy. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundus examination showed bilateral macular and peripapillary hyperpigmented/depigmented areas.Patient 2: 45 year-old woman was referred for recent vision loss in her left eye. History was remarkable for chronic fatigue, migraine and diffuse muscular pain. Visual acuity was 20/20 in her right eye and 20/30 in her left eye. Fundus exhibited several nummular perifoveal islands of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy and adjacent pale deposits in both eyes.Retinal anatomy was investigated with autofluorescence, retinal angiography and optical coherence tomography. Retinal function was assessed with automated static perimetry, full-field and multifocal electroretinography and electro-oculography. Genetic testing of mtDNA identified a point mutation at the locus 3243. CONCLUSION: Observation of RPE abnormalities in the context of suggestive systemic findings should prompt mtDNA testing.

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Few topics in transportation are of greater significance, now and in the future, than making today’s roads safe for those who use them. This study aims to assist the formulation of policy by examining the empirical evidence currently available on the ability of several forms of communication efforts and activities to increase knowledge about and affect attitudes and behavior toward highway safety practices. The objective of this effort is to provide a comparative synthesis of what works and what does not in highway safety campaigns across a large number of topical areas that have a mass media component. This was accomplished by conducting an extensive literature review to determine the current state of knowledge concerning what works and what has significant potential for wide use in future highway safety campaigns. An analytic framework for investigating highway safety campaigns was created. The framework includes (1) the types of media components, (2) the types of collaborations, (3) the context in which the campaign is intended to have impact, (4) the structure or procedural steps into which campaigns are organized, (5) the principles for what works in a campaign, and (6) the desired impact of a campaign on its target audience. The report reveals 25 characteristics of successful communication campaigns, strategies that stand a chance of achieving changes in knowledge, attitude, and behavior. The actual impact of mass communication remains unproven because of a perceived lag in the development of adequate evaluation techniques. Education by itself has not generally resulted in significant changes in the behaviors targeted, but education of the public and advocacy groups has often helped enact necessary legislation, transmit knowledge about the provisions and penalties of laws in ways that increase their deterrent effect, and generate public support for law enforcement programs. Even in such cases, however, when enforcement is inconsistent, public compliance frequently decreases with time. Approaches to traffic safety that emphasize the need for long-term individual- and community-based measures are found to be especially crucial for addressing complex problems like drinking and driving that are determined by a myriad of lifestyle and psychosocial factors.

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We present an illustrative case of endogenous ocular Nocardia (EON) infection in a man with Hodgkin disease treated by chemotherapy who underwent aggressive vitreoretinal surgery for diagnosis and treatment of a subretinal abscess. Visual acuity recovered from hand movements to 20/25. We review the 38 reported cases of EON published between 1967 and 2007, describe the clinical presentation from a systemic and ocular point of view, examine which ocular procedures were successful in identifying the bacterium, and analyze ocular morbidity and the factors affecting successful treatment.

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What role have translations from Hindi literary works played in shaping and transforming our knowledge about India? In this book, renowned scholars, translators and Hindi writers from India, Europe, and the United States offer their approaches to this question. Their articles deal with the political, cultural, and linguistic criteria germane to the selection and translation of Hindi works, the nature of the enduring links between India and Europe, and the reception of translated texts, particularly through the perspective of book history. More personal essays, both on the writing process itself or on the practice of translation, complete the volume and highlight the plurality of voices that are inherent to any translation. As the outcome of an international symposium held at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2008, India in Translation through Hindi Literature engages in the building of critical histories of the encounter between India and the «West», the use and impact of translations in this context, and Hindi literature and culture in connection to English (post)colonial power, literature and culture.

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La sarcoïdose est une affection inflammatoire granuiomateuse systémique d'origine inconnue touchant le plus fréquemment les poumons, le système lymphoïde, le foie, les yeux et la peau. Dans cet article, nous rapportons deux cas de sarcoïdose cutanée touchant les avant-bras de deux patients anciens toxicomanes traités par interféron-a et ribavirine pour une hépatite C chronique. Nous procédons à une revue de la littérature de la sarcoïdose induite par l'interféron et élaborons une nouvelle hypothèse pathogénique de l'effet Koebner dans la sarcoïdose cutanée. Dans le cas des deux patients que nous décrivons, la distribution des lésions cutanées coïncide avec les anciens sites d'injection d'héroïne le long des trajets veineux des deux avant- bras. Cette distribution unique de l'atteinte cutanée suggère que les dommages tissulaires induits par la répétition d'injections percutanées puissent représenter un terrain favorisant au développement local d'une sarcoïdose cutanée. Fait intéressant, il a été récemment démontré que les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes - sous-type de cellules dendritiques généralement absent de la peau - infiltrent rapidement les sites de peau lésée. Ces cellules sont la source d'une production endogène d'interféron-a, cytokine connue pour promouvoir le processus de cicatrisation, mais également pour favoriser le développement de sarcoïdose chez des individus prédisposés. Ainsi, nous postulons que les lésions de sarcoïdose cutanée limitées le long des trajets veineux - sites préalables d'injection percutanée de drogues - peuvent résulter d'une expression locale supplémentaire d'interféron-a. Celle-ci serait en outre favorisée par le traitement de ribavirine dans le cadre de l'hépatite C, connu pour renforcer la production endogène d'interféron-a. L'identification de nombreuses cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes circonscrivant l'inflammation granuiomateuse sur la biopsie cutanée de l'un de nos patients semble être un argument dans ce sens, conforté par l'absence de corps étranger détecté en microscopie par lumière polarisée. Cette observation semble pouvoir représenter un point crucial dans la compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques à la base de l'infiltration des cicatrices cutanées par la sarcoïdose. Des investigations supplémentaires doivent encore être effectuées afin de confirmer cette hypothèse.

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This interdisciplinary collection brings together world leaders in Gothic Studies, offering new readings on popular Gothic cultural productions from the last decade. Topics covered include, but are not limited to: contemporary High Street Goth/ic fashion, Gothic performance and art festivals, Gothic popular fiction from Twilight to Shadow of the Wind, Goth/ic popular music, Goth/ic on TV and film, new trends like Steampunk, well-known icons Batman and Lady Gaga, and theorizations of popular Gothic monsters (from zombies and vampires to werewolves and ghosts) in an age of terror/ism.

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Chordomas are uncommon tumours occuring from remnants of the notochord. They are mainly localized in the sacrococcygium, the spine and the skull base. We focused our study on skull base chordomas and reviewed 531 published cases and 6 cases diagnosed in our institution. The six cases diagnosed at our hospital are described with a special mention of a unique case presenting with meningitis. Clinical features, radiology, histopathology and survival with different treatments are reviewed. Skull base chordomas can occur at any age and are slightly more frequent in males. Patients complain most often of diplopia and headaches. Abducens nerve palsy is the commonest neurological finding. Radiological examination should include both CT-scan which shows extensive osteolysis, calcifications and contrast enhancement and MRI for topographical definition. Metastases rarely occur. Treatment remains controversial but combined surgery and radiotherapy is the best treatment with a 5 year survival rate of 75%.

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The Iowa Department of Transportation's Access Management Task Force was established as part of the Iowa Department of Transportation's overall Safety Management System (SMS) effort. The goal of the Access Management Task Force is to develop a program designed to educate and market the concept and benefits of access management to landowners and developers, professional planners and engineers, planning and zoning staff members, appointed and elected officials, and motorists. Access management is pursued through the design and control of driveways, curb cuts, turning movements, interior circulation of parking lots, and public street connections and intersections. Usually, state highways or major urban and suburban arterial streets are the targets of access management projects. Access management is also a concern on main county roads when there is a transition from a rural environment to a town or city.

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Iowa Elementary Teachers handbook, vol. 13

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A national information program, focusing on the main recognized risk factors (primary prevention) and on the potential benefits of early detection (secondary prevention) of cutaneous malignant melanoma, was launched in Switzerland in May 1988. The first campaign, based on a pilot study conducted in 1986 in the canton of Basel, was followed by a recall campaign in July 1989. This report describes the organization of this program and presents an assessment of its initial impact. The number of newly diagnosed cases increased more than twofold (+ 116%) in the two months following the launch of the first campaign (May to June 1988). This trend was accompanied by a statistically significant shift of case distribution towards younger ages (< 60 years; p = 0.003), and a non-significant shift was observed towards less advanced lesions (thickness < or = 1.5 mm). The incidence decreased quickly, though in the twelve month period between the two campaigns it remained 21% higher than before the inception of the program. No appreciable effects were detected from the recall campaign and no difference was seen among regions or between sexes.