El dios que nace de la roca. Aspectos comparativos del mito del nacimiento de Mitra

El artículo tiene como objeto mejorar y completar algunas propuestas ya existentes que relacionan el mito del nacimiento del dios romano Mitra de una roca con otras tradiciones como la hitita o algunos mitos de proveniencia minorasiática. Incluyendo datos de la Teogonía hitita, del RigVeda e integrándolos con la información iconográfica del mitraísmo romano y la irania de época sasánida, se propone un origen indoeuropeo para el mito de un dios que nace de una roca.

Francisco Rico y su Quijote

Este artículo-reseña valora positivamente el Quijote publicado por Francisco Rico con motivo del IV Centenario de la Segunda Parte del clásico (1615). Lo que se echa en falta no es de la exclusiva incumbencia del editor o su equipo: estudiar los libros de caballerías, la tratadística militar o la literatura hagiográfica, que se revelan fundamentales para entender el Quijote, son tareas que competen a todos los cervantistas. Detalles al margen, las herramientas a disposición del lector configuran un status quaestionis fresco y preciso; del mismo modo, las fichas lexicográficas cumplen bien su función, aunque las relativas a la botánica esperan una revisión en profundidad.

La selva confusa y Cómo se comunican dos estrellas contrarias: comedias gemelas

Cómo se comunican ha sido atribuida recientemente, por primera vez en más de tres siglos, a don Pedro Calderón de la Barca. La comparación entre esta comedia y La selva confusa, del mismo autor, avala esta atribución, ya que los paralelismos en la estructuración dramática de ambas comedias son numerosos y llamativos. Se aducen motivos para suponer que Cómo se comunican es anterior a La selva confusa, lo cual significaría una fecha tempranísima de composición dentro de la producción dramática de Calderón.

Tres notes sobre l’Ars predicandi populo de Francesc Eiximenis (autoria, datació i contingut) = Three notes on the Ars Predicandi populo of Francesc Eiximenis (authorship, date and content)

In spite of the fact that the Ars predicandi populo is attributed to Eiximenis in only one of the three extant manuscripts, there is no doubt that it is one of his works.First of all, the internal references to this treatise in the pages of Terç and Dotzè del Crestià are an irrefutable testimony and, secondly, the presence of an autographvolume of sermons which begins with the Ars in the inventory of the Eiximenis library made shortly after his death. The writing of the Ars and the collection of sermons which introduces it must be dated prior to the beginning of the Crestià encyclopedia (1379) because of the complexity that entailed the writing of a collection of three perhaps four volumes of sermons. Due to a series of formal and codicological reasons it must be concluded that the chapter entitled De consiliis circa predicacionem cannot be attributed to Eiximenis and thus be excluded from the Ars

Spermiogenesis particularities of a sperm storage species: Helicolenus dactylopterus (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae)

A study of the spermiogenesis and spermatozoa of Helicolenus dactylopterus was conducted. Females of this species have the capacity to store sperm within their ovaries, and male gametes have a considerable cytoplasmic mass surrounding their heads to survive the long period of intraovarian sperm storage. Our observations show that early spermatids are round-shaped cells and have a spherical nucleus with diffuse chromatin. The nuclear volume decreases as a result of progressive chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis, causing the nucleus to take on a U-shape. Flagellar insertion is not central to the nucleus but consistently occurs at an oblique angle towards one side of it. The flagellum is inserted into the nuclear fossa, without subsequent nuclear rotation. In mature spermatozoa, the flagellum is adjacent to the nucleus. A comparison of the spermatozoa in the testicular lobules and those in the intraovarian storage structures suggests that the increase in volume of the cytoplasmic mass may occur in the posterior region of the testis, in the testicular duct. Spermatozoa enter the ovary in groups that reach the ovarian lumen and are surrounded by the ovarian epithelium for storage in sperm storage crypts

Finales de novela en las Ejemplares

Article que analitza els paràgrafs finals de les novel·les d'en Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

Arnau de Montrodon y la catedral de San Carlomagno. Sobre la imagen y el culto al emperador carolingio en Gerona

In 1345, the unique worship of Saint Charlemagne was institutionalized in the cathedral of Gerona. The roots (and for many, the reasons) of this celebration are found in the existence of an old local legend, the well-known testimonies to which go back to the eleventh century. Nevertheless, a lengthy analysis of the facts that marked the life of the cathedral during the long permanence Amau de Montrodon had there—first in quality of canon (1297-1335) and later as bishop (1333-1348)- make it possible for us to verify that the promotion of the cult to San Charlemagne falls within a complex program of ideological and symbolic exaltation of the See of Girona that was designed by this notable and restlessly active ecclesiastic

Polygonum Romanum jacq. subsp. Gallicum (Raffaelli) Raffaelli & villar Polygonaceae) en el Ampurdán (Gerona)

Article que descriu la planta poligonàcea, Polyganum Romanum, present a la zona de l' Empordà

Annual reproductive cycle and fecundity of Scorpaena notata (Teleostei, Scorpaenidae)

Scorpaena notata (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) is an oviparous species with external fertilisation that shows some unusual features in its gonadal morphology and gametogenesis. In this work we analyse the annual reproductive cycle and the fecundity of this species by studying the monthly histological changes in the gonads and of various indices related to reproduction. Sexual dimorphism does not occur in the population we studied, which is clearly dominated by males. Multiple spawning takes place between July and October, consisting of between 6,000 and 33,000 eggs per female, each of about 500 µm in diameter. The fecundity of the species is determined by the size and weight of the individuals

Genetic homogeneity of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the western Mediterranean and the eastern Atlantic

Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is an epipelagic, highly migratory species distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate waters including the Mediterranean Sea. Protein electrophoresis analyses can provide knowledge of the genetic population structure of the species and therefore be used as a tool for fishery management. Areas sampled include the islands of Majorca and Sicily in the western Mediterranean and the Canary Islands in the eastern Atlantic. The results of the protein electrophoresis reveal a level of genetic variability similar to other highly migratory species. No differences were found among locations, and it was not possible to reject the null hypothesis of one panmictic population in the area studied

Growth and reproduction of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena equiselis and Coryphaena hippurus) in the Canary Islands, Central-East Atlantic (preliminary results)

The size, growth and spawning characteristics of pompano dolphin (N=150) and common dolphinfish (N=36) caught off the Canary Islands between May and September 1995 and between July and September 1996 were examined. Fork length (FL) of pompano dolphin was in the range 28.3-62.8 cm. In 1995, the mean length increased significantly from June to September. However, in 1996, the mean length was significantly larger in July than in September. The overall length-weight relationship was W=0.0287*FL2.774 (r=0.97), while these relationships by sex were as follows: W=0.031*FL2.758 (r=0.98) and W=0.0282*FL2.776 (r=0.97), for males and females respectively. Spawning takes place at the beginning of the Summer (June-July). All the individuals obtained showed developing gonads, but females showed a higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) than males. The highest GSI values were obtained in June (x- =3.10±1.73), and decreased progressively towards the end of the season (September), when the average of this index was x- = 1.86±0.87. Similarly, the condition index decreased significantly from June to September. The proportion of females was always significantly higher than males, except in July 1996 when it was 1:1. There was a high correspondence between growth rates determined by annuli scale interpretation and modal progression analysis. According to scale annuli interpretation, the individuals caught showed more than five age classes. However, there are doubts about age assignation from scales. Fork length of common dolphinfish was in the range of 76.5-103.0 cm. The length-weight relationships obtained for all the specimens caught was W=0.00095FL3.527 (r=0.96), while these relationships by sex were as follows: W=0.00398FL3.222 (r=0.94) and W=0.01656FL2.873 (r=0.91), for males and females respectively. Spawning probably takes place at the beginning of the Summer. All the individuals obtained showed developing gonads, although the GSI of females were higher than males. The highest GSI values were obtained in June (x- =5.50±2.17). In the same way, the condition index decreased from May to June. The proportion of females was always slightly higher than males (1:1.4), but the ratio was not significantly different from 1:1

El paisaje en la ordenación del territorio. La experiencia del Observatorio del Paisaje de Cataluña

Ante la progresiva degradación de nuestros paisajes se hace necesario, por una parte, incluir el paisaje en la ordenación del territorio y, por otra, incrementar la sensibilización ciudadana sobre los valores del paisaje. Para conseguir este doble objetivo se creó en 2005 el Observatorio del Paisaje de Cataluña, un consorcio público independiente que actúa simultáneamente como entidad de asesoramiento de la Administración y como ente de concienciación de la sociedad en materia de paisaje. Una de sus principales funciones es la elaboración de los catálogos de paisaje de Cataluña, un instrumento novedoso para la incorporación del paisaje en la ordenación del territorio y un elemento clave para facilitar la conexión entre el planeamiento territorial y el urbanístico en lo referente a la implementación de políticas de paisaje. Los catálogos definen líneas estratégicas y directrices concretas que pueden contribuir a mejorar la calidad de los paisajes y, en definitiva, la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos

La zonación estructural del hercínico del Pirineo Central en el anticlinorio de la Pallaresa

The Pyrenees are an alpine chain with hercynian basement rocks that outcrop in a large area called the Axial Zone. These rocks have been involved in the alpine deformation events although their main structural features resulted from the Hercynian orogeny. A relevant characteristic of the Hercynian basement is a change in structural style in depth which has been commonly studied and interpreted in the Pallaresa Anticlinorium, in the Central Pyrenees. This anticlinorium is a complex hercynian structural unit whose southern part belongs to the suprastructure whereas the northern part corresponds mostly to a transition zone between the infrastructure and the suprastructure. Rocks of the suprastructure show a steeply dipping slaty cleavage as the dominant structure, which is overprinting folds and thrusts rarely going with pervasive deformation. The transition zone results from a slaty cleavage, very often close to the bedding, overprinted by one or two steep crenulation cleavages. A gradual boundary exists between both structural levels and it can be observed that the deformation developing slaty cleavage in the suprastructure grades to a crenulation foliation in the transition zone. The gradual character of that boundary, as seen in the northern end of the transition zone, suggests that the southern sharp boundary is not original. That boundary is interpreted as a northward dipping inverse fault, possibly with Alpine age. That fault causes a relative uplift of the rocks of the transition zone and gives this sharp boundary with the suprastructural levels. It provokes the asymmetry in the Pallaresa anticlinorium

Sant Julià de Ramis y Puig Rom: dos ejemplos de yacimientos con armamento y equipamiento militar visigodo en el noreste peninsular

We present in this work a couple of weapons and objects related to the military equipment of early VIII century from two sites on Girona's province: the castellum of Sant Julià de Ramis (in the municipality of the same name), and the fort of Puig Rom (in Roses). The comparation of these materials has permitted to recompose a quite complete panoply with various types of knives and daggers, shield-handles, axes, spearheads and javelinheads, tips (regatones), arrowheads, belt-buckles and some buckles and horse harness elements