1000 resultados para Cão - Raças
Resumo:
Cu catalysts supported on CeO2, TiO2 and CeO2/TiO2 were prepared by precipitation method and used for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide contained in a hydrogen flow generated by methane steam reforming. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET and TPR techniques. The catalytic properties were studied in the 50-330ºC range by using a quartz micro-reactor vertically positioned on an electrical furnace. The results showed that the small copper particles generated with the lower metal content are the most easily reducible and give the best catalytic performance. In respect of support effect, the strong metal-support interaction and the redox characteristics of the CuOx-CeO2 series resulted in the best catalytic results, especially with the sample with 1% copper content.
Resumo:
Poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) (EMA) and poly (caprolactone) triol (PCL-T) blends, a biodegradable aliphatic polyester with low molecular weight and moderate water solubility containing diltiazem hydrochloride (DZ) were studied in terms of the thermal and morphological properties, and drug release mechanism. An increase in the PCL-T content in the EMA/PCL-T/DZ films decreased the degree of DZ crystallinity. Drug release from these films is temperature-dependent, and it is possible to modify the drug release rate by adjusting the EMA/PCL-T composition of the blends. The mechanism of drug release is governed by PCL-T melting and PCL-T leaching from EMA matrix.
Resumo:
Cyclosporine-A-loaded PLGA implants were developed intended for ocular route. Implants were prepared using solvent extraction/evaporation technique followed by casting of the cake into rods in a heated surface. XRD patterns showed that cyclosporine-A was completely incorporated into PLGA. FTIR and DSC results indicated alterations on drug molecular conformation aiming to reach the most stable thermodynamic conformation at polymer/drug interface. Implants provided controlled/sustained in vitro release of the drug. During the first 7 weeks, the drug release was controlled by the diffusion of the cyclosporine-A; and between 7-23 week period, the drug diffusion and degradation of PLGA controlled the drug release.
Resumo:
Hydrogels have been prepared by free-radical solution copolymerization of acrylamide and sodium acrylate (NaAc), with molar ratio ranging from 25/75 to 80/20, respectively, using methylene bisacrylamide as the crosslinking agent. A FTIR spectroscopy procedure to determine the acrylate/acrylamide ratio in these hydrogels was proposed based on absorbance at 1410 cm-1 (nCOO-) and 2940 cm-1 (nCH and nCH2). A straight line with a good linear correlation coefficient (0.998) was obtained by plotting the acrylate content (Ac%) versus relative absorbance (Arel = A1410/A2940). Results were confirmed by the amount of sodium cation released in acid medium determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Resumo:
Cobalt or iron oxides supported or not on zeolite Hbeta were prepared and evaluated in the reduction reaction of NO by CO in presence of O2, SO2 or H2O. XRD results evidenced the Hbeta structure and the formation of Co3O4 and Fe2O3. TPR-H2 analysis showed complete reduction of cobalt oxide at lower temperatures than for iron oxide. The catalysts are quite active and the activity depends on the reaction temperature. The highest conversions rates were observed for pure iron oxide, which can be a relatively low cost catalyst for reduction of NO by CO, with high selectivity towards the N2 formation.
Resumo:
This work evaluates the immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase (Fraction B) using poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles as support. The effects of immobilization time (30-150 min) and pH (5-10) on lipase loading were evaluated. The stability of the immobilized enzyme towards temperature (40, 60, and 80 ºC), reuse and storage (at 4 ºC) were also determined. Furthermore, to assess its potential application in a system of interest, the immobilized lipase was used as a catalyst in the esterification of geraniol with oleic acid. The results indicated a time of 120 minutes and pH of 7 as optimal for immobilization. A 21 hour exposure of the PHBV-lipase derivative to 60 ºC showed a 33% reduction of the initial activity while storage at 4 ºC led to a residual activity (5% of the original activity). The derivative was used without significant loss of activity for 4 successive cycles. The use of the immobilized lipase as a catalyst in the production of geranyl oleate led to about 88% conversion of the initial reactants to products.
Resumo:
Capsaicinoids (CAPS) are substances responsible for pungency in Capsicum. It is important to quantify these types of compounds owing to their broad application in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and chemical weapons. In this work, we developed an indirect spectrophotometric method based on the colorimetric reaction between CAPS, Co(II) 3.10×10-5 mol L-1 and 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) 6.23×10-5 and, in cachaça:water 92:8v/v solutions, for quantification of total CAPS in Capsicum peppers. The product of the reaction is CoPAR2CAPS2 and its absorption in aquo-ethanolic solution at 510 nm is proportional to the total CAPS concentration from 0.60 to 17.94 mg L-1. The values of limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.0004 and 0.001 mg of CAPS/g of pepper, respectively, with 4% relative standard deviation. The developed method yielded similar results to those obtained from high performance liquid chromatography, with 95% of confidence.
Resumo:
This study aims to prepare biodegradable films from cassava starch, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and montmorillonite (MMT) using blow-extrusion process and analyze the effects of different types and concentrations of MMT on the microstructure, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of the resulting films. The films were produced by blending 30% of PBAT with glycerol (17.5%), starch (49.0-52.5%), and four different types of montmorillonite (Cloisite® Na+, 10A, 15A, and 30B) at two different concentrations (1.75% and 3.5%). All the films prepared in this study showed an increase in the basal spacing of MMT layers. In particular, the films with 10A and 30B showed the highest increase in intercalation basal spacing, suggesting the formation of intercalated composites. The addition of nanoclays decreased the elongation of films. The addition of Cloisite® 10A resulted in films with the lowest WVP values and the highest stability to water adsorption under different RH conditions.
Resumo:
A novel superabsorbent hydrogel (SH) composite based on a poly(acrylamide-co-acrylate) matrix filled with nontronite (NONT), a Fe(III)-rich member of the smectite group of clay minerals, is described in this manuscript. A variety of techniques, including FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM/EDX, were utilized to characterize this original composite. Experimental data confirmed the SH composite formation and suggested NONT was completely dispersed in the polymeric matrix. Additionally, NONT improved the water uptake capacity of the final material, which exhibited fast absorption, low sensitivity to the presence of salt, high water retention and a pH sensitive properties. These preliminary data showed that the original SH composite prepared here possesses highly attractive properties for applications in areas such as the agriculture field, particularly as a soil conditioner.
Resumo:
Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO-ZrO2 nanocatalyst with utilization of two different zirconia precursors, namely, zirconyl nitrate hydrate (ZNH) and zirconyl nitrate solution (ZNS), was synthesized via the sol-gel method. The physiochemical properties of nanocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET and FTIR analyses and employed for syngas production from CO2-reforming of CH4. XRD patterns, exhibiting proper crystalline structure and homogeneous dispersion of active phase for the nanocatalyst ZNS precursor employed (NCAMZ-ZNS). FESEM and BET results of NCAMZ-ZNS presented more uniform morphology and smaller particle size and consequently higher surface areas. In addition, average particle size of NCAMZ-ZNS was 15.7 nm, which is close to the critical size for Ni-Co catalysts to avoid carbon formation. Moreover, FESEM analysis indicated both prepared samples were nanoscale. EDX analysis confirmed the existence of various elements used and also supported the statements made in the XRD and FESEM analyses regarding dispersion. Based on the excellent physiochemical properties, NCAMZ-ZNS exhibited the best reactant conversion across all of the evaluated temperatures, e.g. CH4 and CO2 conversions were 97.2 and 99% at 850 ºC, respectively. Furthermore, NCAMZ-ZNS demonstrated a stable yield with H2/CO close to unit value during the 1440 min stability test.
Resumo:
We report the single-step derivatization reaction of a biopolymer based onL -lysine with D -biotin analogs:Co -poly(L -lysine)-graft-(ε-N -[X-D-biotinyl]-L -lysine) (PLL-X-Biotin). The valeric acid carboxylate of D -biotin is activated to an NHS ester for direct modification of amine groups in proteins and other macromolecules. NHS esters react by nucleophilic attack of an amine in the carbonyl group, releasing the NHS group, and forming a stable amide linkage. NHS-X-Biotin is the simplest biotinylation reagent commercially available. In contrast withD -biotin, it has a longer spacer arm off the valeric acid side chain allowing better binding potential for avidin or streptavidin probes. Derivatization of poly(L -lysine) (PLL) with NHS-X-Biotin led to a copolymer PLL-X-Biotin. UV-Visible, IR-FT and 1H NMR characteristics derived from synthesis are briefly discussed.
Resumo:
A identificação de fontes de resistência é uma etapa básica em programas de melhoramento que visam o desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes a doenças. Neste trabalho, foram inoculadas, sob condições controladas, oito linhagens de feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) desenvolvidas pelo Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos, com quatro raças conhecidas de Uromyces appendiculatus coletadas no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A cultivar Ouro Negro foi utilizada como padrão de resistência e US Pinto 111 (suscetível universal) como padrão de suscetibilidade. Foi avaliada a freqüência de infecção (FI) e estimado o tamanho médio das pústulas (TMP). As linhagens BelMiDak-RMR-12 e BelMiDak-RR-3 destacaram-se como as mais resistentes, apresentando, para todas as raças, apenas pústulas (com diâmetro < 300mim) na face abaxial da folha. As linhagens BelDakMi-RMR-10 e BelNeb RR-2 apresentaram baixa FI média e foram resistentes a quatro e três raças, respectivamente. A linhagem BelDak-RR-2, apesar de sua resistência a todas as raças, apresentou uma FI média relativamente alta. As linhagens BelMiNeb-RMR-3 e BelDakMi RR-7 também foram resistentes às quatro raças testadas, porém apresentaram alta FI média e algumas pústulas com diâmetro maior que 300 mim. A linhagem BelDakMi-RMR-11 foi resistente às raças 45, 46 e 49 e moderadamente resistente à raça 52. A cultivar Ouro Negro foi resistente às quatro raças, com um nível de resistência igual às melhores linhagens norte americanas.
Resumo:
A cultivar de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) Cornell 49-242, possuidora do gene de resistência Co-2 (Are), é uma das mais antigas fontes de resistência à antracnose, causada por Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Visando a utilização desta fonte no programa de piramidação de genes em cultivares do tipo "carioca" do BIOAGRO/UFV, este trabalho teve como objetivos: (1) definir o padrão de herança da resistência da cultivar de feijoeiro Cornell 49-242 em cruzamentos com cultivares suscetíveis às raças 81 (Rudá) e 65 (Rudá e Ouro Negro) de C. lindemuthianum e (2) avaliar o marcador RAPD OPQ04(1440C) ligado ao gene Co-2 em populações F2 do cruzamento Rudá vs. Cornell 49-242. Os resultados indicaram que três genes dominantes, sendo dois de caráter complementar, controlam a resistência ao patótipo 81 de C. lindemuthianum, enquanto que um gene dominante e um recessivo controlam a resistência ao patótipo 65. O marcador OPQ04(1440C), previamente identificado como ligado ao gene Co-2 , pode ser usado, na prática, nesta população, para selecionar linhagens F2:3 contendo o gene Co-2.
Resumo:
A mancha-angular causada pelo fungo Phaeoisariopsis griseola, apresenta grande importância na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) no Brasil. O desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes tem sido proposto como maneira eficaz, eficiente e econômica para o controle da doença. Um dos primeiros passos no programa de melhoramento visando resistência à mancha-angular é a identificação e seleção de fontes de resistência. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou a caracterização de 58 cultivares de feijoeiro quanto a reação às raças 31.17, 63.19, 63.23 e 63.55 de P. griseola. Os resultados mostraram que as cultivares Antioquia 8 e CAL 143, ambos de origem Andina, e Ecuador 299 e México 235, de origem Mesoamericana, apresentaram resistência às quatro raças testadas. As cultivares A 193 e Golden Gate 416 mostraram resistência a três das quatro raças testadas, podendo também, ser úteis em programas de melhoramento. Dentre as cultivares mais suscetíveis encontram-se as cultivares IPA 7419, AN 9022180, Bambuí, Compuesto Negro Chimaltengo, Guanajuato 10-A-5, Diamante Negro, Early Gallatin, Jamapa e Kentucky Wonder 780 e as cultivares de grãos tipo carioca AN 9022180, Aporé e Carioca 80. As novas fontes de resistência à mancha angular identificadas neste trabalho poderão ser utilizadas por programas de melhoramento do feijoeiro que visem a incorporação de genes de resistência de origem Andina ou Mesoamericana.
Resumo:
O conhecimento sobre a ocorrência e distribuição de raças do fungo Pyricularia grisea é um importante aspecto a ser considerado em programas de melhoramento genético de arroz (Oryza sativa). No entanto, para que a identificação das raças seja correta e passível de comparações com outros levantamentos é necessário que os genótipos utilizados apresentem as mesmas características genéticas. O presente trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de comparar a variação genética entre dois genótipos identificados como pertencentes à cultivar Raminad Str. 3, que é uma das oito cultivares utilizadas como direnciadoras de raças de P. grisea, e examinar a composição de raças deste fungo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Constatou-se a amplificação de fragmentos polimórficos em 20 dos 39 marcadores microssatélites utilizados para verificar a pureza genética de dois genótipos de arroz identificados como sendo a cultivar Raminad Str. 3. A identificação das raças baseou-se na reação das oito cultivares diferenciadoras de raças submetidas à inoculação com 85 isolados monospóricos de P. grisea, provenientes de 14 municípios produtores de arroz no Rio Grande do Sul. A avaliação do grau de infecção foi realizada de acordo com a escala preconizada pelo sistema internacional de avaliação de doenças do arroz, 14 dias após a inoculação.