Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for equine tendinitis

Tendinitis is an important disease that leads to lameness and decreased performance in equine athletes and results in high costs associated with therapy due to a long recovery period and a high rate of recurrence. Although, several treatments for equine tendinitis have been described, few are effective in significantly improving the quality of the extracellular matrix and reducing the rate of recurrence. The use of cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various sources has received much attention because of its therapeutic potential for equine tendinitis. In this paper, we review patents on stem cell therapy and the specific use of MSCs for the treatment of equine tendinitis. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers.

Platelet lysate 3D scaffold supports mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis: An improved approach in cartilage tissue engineering

Articular lesions are still a major challenge in orthopedics because of cartilage's poor healing properties. A major improvement in therapeutics was the development of autologous chondrocytes implantation (ACI), a biotechnology-derived technique that delivers healthy autologous chondrocytes after in vitro expansion. To obtain cartilage-like tissue, 3D scaffolds are essential to maintain chondrocyte differentiated status. Currently, bioactive 3D scaffolds are promising as they can deliver growth factors, cytokines, and hormones to the cells, giving them a boost to attach, proliferate, induce protein synthesis, and differentiate. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiated into chondrocytes, one can avoid cartilage harvesting. Thus, we investigated the potential use of a platelet-lysate-based 3D bioactive scaffold to support chondrogenic differentiation and maintenance of MSCs. The MSCs from adult rabbit bone marrow (n=5) were cultivated and characterized using three antibodies by flow cytometry. MSCs (1×105) were than encapsulated inside 60μl of a rabbit platelet-lysate clot scaffold and maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium Nutrient Mixture F-12 supplemented with chondrogenic inductors. After 21 days, the MSCs-seeded scaffolds were processed for histological analysis and stained with toluidine blue. This scaffold was able to maintain round-shaped cells, typical chondrocyte metachromatic extracellular matrix deposition, and isogenous group formation. Cells accumulated inside lacunae and cytoplasm lipid droplets were other observed typical chondrocyte features. In conclusion, the usage of a platelet-lysate bioactive scaffold, associated with a suitable chondrogenic culture medium, supports MSCs chondrogenesis. As such, it offers an alternative tool for cartilage engineering research and ACI. © 2013 Informa UK Ltd.

Macrophage activity and histopathology of the lymphohematopoietic organs in male Wistar rats orally exposed to single or mixed pesticides

The noxious effects of low or effective dose exposure to single or mixed pesticides on macrophage activity and the lymphohematopoietic organs were investigated. Male Wistar rats were orally exposed to dichlorvos, dicofol, endosulfan, dieldrin and permethrin, either as single or combined mixtures during a 28-day study containing eight groups: one group received a semipurified diet (non-treated); two groups received a semipurified diet containing low dose mixture (dieldrin 0.025 mg/kg, endosulfan, 0.6 mg/kg, dicofol 0.22 mg/kg, dichlorvos 0.23 mg/kg, permethrin 5 mg/kg) or an effective dose mixture (dichlorvos 2.3 mg/kg, dicofol 2.5 mg/kg, endosulfan 2.9 mg/kg, dieldrin 0.05 mg/kg and permethrin 25.0 mg/kg), respectively; the other five groups received a semipurified diet containing each single pesticide in effective doses. At sacrifice, the thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Payer's patches and bone marrow were removed for histological analysis. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained to determine the phagocytosis and spreading indexes and tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and H2O2 production. Exposure to pesticide mixtures did not alter the percentage of macrophage phagocytosis and spreading, TNF-α production or the NO and H2O2 release when compared to the non-treated group. Neither was there any apparent evidence that a pesticide mixture at low or effective doses altered the histological structure of the lymphohematopoietic organs. The findings indicate that short-term treatment with pesticide mixtures did not induce an apparent immunotoxic effect in male Wistar rats. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Cysteine proteinase inhibitors regulate human and mouse osteoclastogenesis by interfering with RANK signaling

The cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C inhibited RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophage cultures, an effect associated with decreased mRNA expression of Acp5, Calcr, Ctsk, Mmp9, Itgb3, and Atp6i, without effect on proliferation or apoptosis. The effects were concentration dependent with half-maximal inhibition at 0.3 μM. Cystatin C also inhibited osteoclast formation when RANKL-stimulated osteoclasts were cultured on bone, leading to decreased formation of resorption pits. RANKL-stimulated cells retained characteristics of phagocytotic macrophages when cotreated with cystatin C. Three other cysteine proteinase inhibitors, cystatin D, Z-RLVG-CHN2 (IC50 0.1 μM), and E-64 (IC 50 3 μM), also inhibited osteoclast formation in RANKL-stimulated macrophages. In addition, cystatin C, Z-RLVG-CHN2, and E-64 inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of RANKL-stimulated CD14+ human monocytes. The effect by cystatin C on differentiation of bone marrow macrophages was exerted at an early stage after RANKL stimulation and was associated with early (4 h) inhibition of c-Fos expression and decreased protein and nuclear translocation of c-Fos. Subsequently, p52, p65, IκBα, and Nfatc1 mRNA were decreased. Cystatin C was internalized in osteoclast progenitors, a process requiring RANKL stimulation. These data show that cystatin C inhibits osteoclast differentiation and formation by interfering intracellularly with signaling pathways downstream RANK. © FASEB.

Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) modulates chemically induced mutagenesis by enhancing pitting

This study was undertaken to understand how Lentinula edodes modulates in vivo mutagenesis induced by alkylating agents in bone marrow and peripheral blood as described in our previous article. Male Swiss mice were pretreated for 15 consecutive days with aqueous extracts prepared from L. edodes, after which, the number of circulating blood cells, normal erythroid bone marrow cell cycling, and phagocytosis of micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) and activation of spleen macrophages were assessed. The results indicate that the antimutagenicity seen in bone marrow and peripheral blood is exerted by distinct compounds with different actions. The antimutagenic effect in bone marrow is exerted by compounds subject to degradation at deep-freeze storage temperature of -20 C. On the other hand, compounds responsible for antimutagenicity in peripheral blood are not subject to degradation at -20 C. The results also indicate that the antimutagenic action in peripheral blood leading to the reduction of circulating MNRET occurs in the spleen primarily through a phagocytic activity due to higher macrophage numbers and probably not due to the enhanced activation state of individual cells. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

Caracterização do modelo B6D2F1 para obesidade, diabetes e síndrome metabólica e sua potencialidade para terapia celular em lesão aguda

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alterações clínicas, protéicas do humor aquoso, sorológicas e histopatológicas em olhos de cães (Canis familiaris) (Linnaeus, 1758), infectados experimentalmente, por via conjuntival, com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi (Cunha & Chagas, 1937)

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação da viabilidade do selante de fibrina derivado de veneno de serpente como arcabouço biológico para células-tronco mesenquimais de medula óssea de ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de novas propostas em arcabouços tridimencionais (3D) para cultura de células-tronco mesenquinas e condogênese

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Reparo ósseo de defeitos de tamanho crítico tratados com plasma rico em plaquetas derivado do sangue periférico ou do aspirado de medula óssea associado ou não ao enxerto de osso autógeno: estudo histológico e histométrico em calvárias de ratos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tratamento com minociclina e transplante intraestriatal de células mononucleares da medula óssea após acidente vascular experimental encefálico

Diversos estudos sugerem que a tetraciciclina semi-sintética minociciclina e o transplante de células mononucleares da medula óssea (CMMOs) induzem neuroproteção em modelos experimentais de acidente vascular encefálico (AVENC). No entanto, poucos investigaram, comparativamente, os efeitos destas duas abordagens terapêuticas após AVENC induzido por microinjeções de endotelina – 1 (ET -1). Nesta dissertação, objetivou-se comparar os efeitos do bloqueio microglial com minociclina com os obtidos pelo transplante intraestriatal de CMMOs na fase aguda após acidente vascular encefálico experimental, sobre a área de lesão, neuroproteção, apoptose de recuperação funcional. Ratos machos adultos, da raça Wistar, pesando entre 250 e 350g, foram distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais: controle (chamado de Salina) - isquêmico tratado com salina (N=4), isquêmico tratado com minociclina (N=4), isquêmico tratado com CMMOs (N=3) e doador de CMMOs (N=2). Testes comportamentais foram realizados em 1, 3 e 7 dias pós-isquemia para avaliar a recuperação funcional entre os grupos. Animais tratados com minociclina receberam 2 doses diárias de 50mg/kg nos 2 primeiros dias, e 5 aplicações únicas de 25mg/kg (i.p) nos dias subsequentes até o sexto dia após a indução isquêmica. 1x106 de CMMOs foram obtidas de ratos da mesma linhagem e transplantadas diretamente no estriato, 24h após a lesão isquêmica. Todos os animais foram perfundidos 7 dias após a indução isquêmica. Secções coronais foram coradas por violeta de cresila para análise histopatológica geral, e por imunohistoquímica para a identificação de corpos neuronais (neuN), microglia/macrófagos ativados (ED1) e células apoptóticas (Caspase-3). A análise histopatológica geral mostrou grande palor, perda tecidual e intensa ativação microglial/ macrofágica no estriato de animais tratados com solução salina estéril. O tratamento com CMMO foi mais eficaz do que a minociclina (P<0,05, ANOVA-Tukey) na redução do número de microglia/macrófagos ativados (salina 276,3 ± 9,3); CMMOs 133,8 ± 6,8) e minociclina 244,6 ± 7,1). CMMOs e minociclina reduziram a área de lesão, em 67,75% e 69,1%, respectivamente. Os dois tratamentos promoveram o mesmo nível de preservação neuronal (p< 0,05) em relação ao controle, 61,3 ± 1,5); 86,8 ± 3,4) e 81 ± 3,4). As CMMOs reduziram de forma mais eficaz (p<0,01) o número de células apoptóticas em relação à minociclina e grupo controle (26,5 ± 1,6); 13,1 ± 0,7) e 19,7 ± 1,1). Ambas as abordagens terapêuticas promoveram recuperação funcional dos animais isquêmicos. Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento com CMMOs é mais eficaz na modulação da resposta microglial e na diminuição da apoptose do que o tratamento com minociclina, apesar de ambos serem igualmente eficazes para indução da neuroproteção. Estudos futuros devem investigar se o tratamento com minociclina associado ao transplante de CMMOs produzem efeitos sinérgicos, o que poderia amplificar os níveis de neuroproteção observados.

Resposta imune na medula óssea e perfil hematológico de cães com Leishmaniose visceral

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Impacto de drogas antiplaquetárias na doença e no reparo periodontal experimental em ratos

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

Black bone syndrome in chiken meat

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito do selante de fibrina derivado de peçonha de serpente associado a células-tronco mesenquimais na cicatrização de ferida cirúrgica em ratos

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB