Sobrepeso pré-gestacional associa-se a ganho ponderal excessivo na gestação

PURPOSE: To evaluate the adequacy of gestational weight gain and to determine its association with maternal socioeconomic, demographic and nutritional factors and health care, to estimate the prevalence of low birth weight, macrosomia, preterm birth and cesarean delivery and to identify the association of these outcomes with the adequacy of weight gain. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2009/2010 to obtain socioeconomic, demographic, nutritional, dietary and physical activity data of pregnant women assisted by primary health care in a municipality of the state of São Paulo. Subsequently, data were collected from the medical records to evaluate gestational weight gain. Type of delivery, birth weight and gestational age at delivery were obtained from the Livebirths Information System. Gestational weight gain was evaluated according to the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (2009). Associations were investigated by comparing the frequencies and by logistic regression, with excessive weight gain (yes, no) and insufficient gain (yes, no) being the dependent variables. RESULTS: A total of 212 pregnant women were studied: 50.5% had excessive gain and 19.8% insufficient weight gain. Only prepregnancy nutritional status was associated with adequacy of weight gain: compared with normal weight, prepregnancy overweight women had a four-fold higher chance to gain excessive weight (OR 4.66, 95%CI 2.19-9.4). Nearly a third of babies were born by caesarian section, 5.7% were premature, 7.1% were underweight and 4.7% were macrosomic. There was no association between adequacy of gestational weight gain and these outcomes. CONCLUSION: The proportion of inadequate gestational weight gain was high. Overweight pregnant women have a four-fold higher chance to gain excessive weight, and priority should be given to actions promoting adequate prenatal weight gain.

Efeitos do diabetes gestacional moderado e da reposição com insulina na lactação sobre a próstata ventral do rato Wistar

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Genome-Wide Association for Growth Traits in Canchim Beef Cattle

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Genetic Correlation for Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Traits of Mediterranean Buffaloes from Brazil, Estimated By Bayesian Inference

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlation between birth weight (BW) and weight at 205 days age (W205), BW and weight at 365 days age (W365) and W205-W365, using Bayesian inference. The Brazilian Program for Genetic Improvement of Buffaloes provided the data that included 3,883 observations from Mediterranean breed buffaloes. With the purpose to estimate variance and covariance, bivariate analyses were performed using Gibbs sampler that is included in the MTGSAM software. The model for BW, W205 and W365 included additive direct and maternal genetic random effects, maternal environmental random effect and contemporary group as fixed effect. The convergence diagnosis was achieved using Geweke, a method that uses an algorithm implemented in R software through the package Bayesian Output Analysis. The calculated direct genetic correlations were 0.34 (BW-W205), 0.25 (BW-W365) and 0.74 (W205-W365). The environmental correlations were 0.12, 0.11 and 0.72 between BW-W205, BW-W365 and W205-W365, respectively. The phenotypic correlations were low for BW-W205 (0.01) and BW-W365 (0.04), differently than the obtained for W205-W365 with a value of 0.67. The results indicate that BW trait have low genetic, environmental and phenotypic association with the two others traits. The genetic correlation between W205 and W365 was high and suggests that the selection for weight at around 205 days could be beneficial to accelerate the genetic gain.

Genetic Parameters for Growth Traits of Mediterranean Buffaloes from Brazil, Estimated By Bayesian Inference

Quantitative analysis of growth genetic parameters is not available for many breeds of buffaloes making selection and breeding decisions an empirical process that lacks robustness. The objective of this study was to estimate heritability for birth weight (BW), weight at 205 days (W205) and 365 days (W365) of age using Bayesian inference. The Brazilian Program for Genetic Improvement of Buffaloes provided the data. For the traits BW, W205 and W365 of Brazilian Mediterranean buffaloes 5169, 3792 and 3883 observations have been employed for the analysis, respectively. In order to obtain the estimates of variance, univariate analyses were conducted using the Gibbs sampler included in the MTGSAM software. The model for BW, W205 and W365 included additive direct and maternal genetic random effects, random maternal permanent environmental effect and contemporary group that was treated as a fixed effect. The convergence diagnosis was performed employing Geweke, a method that uses an algorithm from the Bayesian Output Analysis package that was implemented using R software environment. The average values for weight traits were 37.6 +/- 4.7 kg for BW, 192.7 +/- 40.3 kg for W205 and 298.6 +/- 67.4 kg for W365. The heritability posterior distributions for direct and maternal effects were symmetric and close to those expected in a normal distribution. Direct heritability estimates obtained using the modes were 0.30 (BW), 0.52 (W205) and 0.54 (W365). The maternal heritability coefficient estimates were 0.31, 0.19 and 0.21 for BW, W205 and W365, respectively. Our data suggests that all growth traits and mainly W205 and W365, have clear potential for yield improvement through direct genetic selection.

Práticas e crenças parentais e comportamento de crianças nascidas pré-termo de muito baixo peso

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de componentes principais para características de crescimento em bovinos de corte

The objetive of this research was to study the relation among body weight and average daily gain in different ages, using principal components analysis. Data on 1663 birth weight (BW), weaning weight adjusted to 230 days (WW), yearling weight adjusted to 365 days (YW), long yearling weight adjusted to 550 days (LYW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (AGW), average daily gain from weaning to 365 days (AGY) and average daily gain from 365 days weight to 550 day weight (AGL) from crossbred animals, and data on 320 observations of the same traits from straightbreed Nellore animals were analysed. The model included the fixed effects of breed (only crossbred data), contemporary group, and linear and quadratic effects of age at calving. For body weight in different ages, the first principal component contrasted heavier and light animals after birth and explained about 79,0% and 78,0% of the variation for data on crossbred and Nellore animals, respectively. The second principal component compared heavier animals at weaning and yearling weight those at long yearling weight. It explained around 13,5% and 15,5% of the total variation, respectively, for data on F1 and Nellore breed. The major source of variation among animals on the two data set for body weight was due to differences in weight followed by differences in the ages they got those weight. For the traits expressed as average daily gain, the variation among animals was due to differences in birth season, the first principal component explaining about 52,0% of the variation on crossbred animals. This component compared animal with higher AGY with those with higher AGW and AGL. For data on Nellore breed, the first component explain about 56,0% of the total variation and also compared animals with higher AGY with those with higher AGW and AGL.

Anormalidades fetais e placentárias decorrentes da produção in vitro de embriões bovinos

In vitro production of bovine embryo (IVP) has become a remarkable assisted reproduction biotechnology in Brazil, once it is considered an important tool for the genetic improvement of the herd. However, many abnormalities are associated with IVP technologies, such as higher incidences of embryo loss, abortions, hydrallantois and dystocia, prolonged gestation, increased birth weight and high perinatal mortality. Collectively, these abnormalities are known as “Large Offspring Syndrome”, which has limited the large-scale use of IVP technologies in cattle industry

Estimação do risco de morte de recém-nascidos utilizando logica fuzzy tipo-2 intervalar

The main objective of the presented study is the development of a predictive interval type-2 fuzzy inference system in order to estimate the mortality risk for a newborn, to be used as an auxiliary tool for decision making in medical centers where there is a lack of professionals for this purpose and, afterwards, to compare its performance to a type-1 fuzzy system. The input variables were chosen due to their acquisition ‘simplicity, not involving any invasive tests, such as blood tests or other specific tests. The variables are easily obtained in the first few minutes of life: birth weight, gestational age at delivery, 5-minute Apgar score and previous report of stillbirth. Databases from the DATASUS were used to validate the model. 1351 records from the city of São José dos Campos, a mid-sized city in the São Paulo state’s countryside, were considered in this study. Finally, an analysis using the ROC curve was performed to estimate the model’s accuracy

Análise histomorfométrica do músculo cardíaco de ratos recém natos gerados por matrizes submetidas ao tabagismo passivo associado ao exercício

Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes heart changes, impaired fetal growth, spontaneous abortion and low birth weight. Even in pregnant women exposed to cigarette smoke these changes can be observed. But the exercise is to answer the increased fetal weight, besides the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness of the pregnant and the fetus. The objective of this study was to analyze the ventricular muscle of young rats subjected to passive smoking associated with aquatic exercise. For the experiments used 24 female rats were divided into: GC (control), GE (exercise protocol in the water), GF(exposed to cigarette smoke) and GEF (exercise protocol on water and exposed to cigarette smoke). On the same day was held the 1st session of the experimental phase of the protocol of exposure to cigarette smoke, which consisted of 30 minutes twice a day, six days a week for three weeks, followed by the first session of the swimming program... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Utilizações de informações genômicas para o melhoramento genético de características de crescimento em bovinos da raça Nelore

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Bacillus subtilis na qualidade dos pintinhos ao nascer, desempenho e características intestinais dos frangos

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Avaliação da fosforilação da AKT e do conteúdo da proteína transportadora de glicose GLUT4 em tecido muscular esquelético de ratos adultos, proles de ratas com doença periodontal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of IGF1, GH, and PIT1 markers on the genetic parameters of growth and reproduction traits in Canchim cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reproductive performance and reconception of nellore cows according to their pure- or cross-bred calves

Contents The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of a calf's genetic group on the productive and reproductive efficiency of its Nellore dam. Fixed-time artificial insemination was applied to 800 cows using semen extracted from Nellore, Simmental and Angus Red bulls. Four hundred eleven cows calved, producing 119 Nellore, 103 1/2Simmental-1/2Nellore and 189 1/2Nellore-1/2Angus Red calves. The second mating period, which paired Nellore cows with Simmental bulls, was initiated 10days after parturitions began and lasted for 5months. Based on the two successive parturitions, the cumulative parturition rate for calving periods of 3, 4 and 5months was calculated. Although no significant difference was observed for birth weight among the genetic groups, cross-bred calves weighed, on average, 10% more than did pure-bred calves at the age of 205days. Nellore dams experienced a gestation period that was 7days longer than did the cross-bred dams, and the former showed a higher parturition rate at 90 and 120days of the calving season, but not at 150days (calving rates of 80.6, 76.4 and 76.2% for mothers of Nellore, 1/2Nellore-1/2Angus Red and 1/2Nellore-1/2Simmental, respectively, p>0.05). At 90 and 120days, Nellore dams produced more kg of calf per mated dam. In conclusion, in a short breeding season, Nellore dams nursing pure-bred Nellore calves were found to have a higher biological efficiency compared with Nellore dams nursing cross-bred calves.