Leyendas históricas mexicanas costumbes [sic] y mitología,

"Dictionary of Spanish words": p. [169]-203.

El problema de la condición de persona aplicada a los animales no humanos : Antropocentrismo especista, subjetividad y derecho

En este trabajo de tesis de grado buscaremos indagar, desde una perspectiva no-antropocéntrica, una temática contemporánea y de plena actualidad, que se está produciendo en las sociedades occidentales. Se trata del problema de la condición de persona aplicada a animales no humanos, enfocándonos principalmente en tres ejes de análisis: como hemos dicho, la noción de persona, el antropocentrismo especista, y la noción de sujeto. El marco general para pensar estas cuestiones es el cambio de perspectiva en la filosofía y en la ciencia, que comienza a darse con mayor ímpetu desde el último tercio del s. XX. Este cambio en el marco conceptual general, puede entenderse como una crisis en la forma de pensar al ser humano y su relación con el mundo no humano. Este cambio, a su vez, repercute en la sociedad en términos de la emergencia de nuevas reivindicaciones, entre ellas, la de los animales como sujetos de derecho y la plausibilidad de adscribir a algunos de ellos la condición de persona a partir de una serie de características que comparten con los seres humanos. ;Antes de proseguir, consideremos lo siguiente. Tal como señaló Niko Tinbergen con su "¿Qué pregunta, preguntas?" (Stamp Dawkins, 2007) resulta fundamental formular claramente la pregunta que guía nuestras hipótesis de trabajo, para dar cuenta de su sentido. De esta manera, explicitaremos la pregunta desde la que partimos, a saber, ¿Qué pone en juego o en duda la hipótesis de antropocentrismo especista y la de sujeto y persona aplicada a animales no humanos? Claramente es una cuestión compleja. No la abordaremos en la infinidad de sus aristas y derivaciones. Aun así, buscaremos un recorrido temático para pensar las dificultades que se imponen en este tópico contemporáneo

Global compilation of benthic data sets I

Approaches to quantify the organic carbon accumulation on a global scale generally do not consider the small-scale variability of sedimentary and oceanographic boundary conditions along continental margins. In this study, we present a new approach to regionalize the total organic carbon (TOC) content in surface sediments (<5 cm sediment depth). It is based on a compilation of more than 5500 single measurements from various sources. Global TOC distribution was determined by the application of a combined qualitative and quantitative-geostatistical method. Overall, 33 benthic TOC-based provinces were defined and used to process the global distribution pattern of the TOC content in surface sediments in a 1°x1° grid resolution. Regional dependencies of data points within each single province are expressed by modeled semi-variograms. Measured and estimated TOC values show good correlation, emphasizing the reasonable applicability of the method. The accumulation of organic carbon in marine surface sediments is a key parameter in the control of mineralization processes and the material exchange between the sediment and the ocean water. Our approach will help to improve global budgets of nutrient and carbon cycles.

Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: environmental and experimental context of data sets and related literature

The exponential growth of studies on the biological response to ocean acidification over the last few decades has generated a large amount of data. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted at the data publisher PANGAEA was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.149999). By January 2015, a total of 581 data sets (over 4 000 000 data points) from 539 papers had been archived. Here we present the developments of this data compilation five years since its first description by Nisumaa et al. (2010). Most of study sites from which data archived are still in the Northern Hemisphere and the number of archived data from studies from the Southern Hemisphere and polar oceans are still relatively low. Data from 60 studies that investigated the response of a mix of organisms or natural communities were all added after 2010, indicating a welcomed shift from the study of individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. The initial imbalance of considerably more data archived on calcification and primary production than on other processes has improved. There is also a clear tendency towards more data archived from multifactorial studies after 2010. For easier and more effective access to ocean acidification data, the ocean acidification community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the data archiving effort, and help develop standard vocabularies describing the variables and define best practices for archiving ocean acidification data.

Diatom abundance in surface sediments of the northern North Pacific

In order to map the modern distribution of diatoms and to establish a reliable reference data set for paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the northern North Pacific, a new data set including the relative abundance of diatom species preserved in a total of 422 surface sediments was generated, which covers a broad range of environmental variables characteristic of the subarctic North Pacific, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea between 30° and 70°N. The biogeographic distribution patterns as well as the preferences in sea surface temperature of 38 diatom species and species groups are documented. A Q-mode factor analysis yields a three-factor model representing assemblages associated with the Arctic, Subarctic and Subtropical water mass, indicating a close relationship between the diatom composition and the sea surface temperatures. The relative abundance pattern of 38 diatom species and species groups was statistically compared with nine environmental variables, i.e. the summer sea surface temperature and salinity, annual surface nutrient concentration (nitrate, phosphate, silicate), summer and winter mixed layer depth and summer and winter sea ice concentrations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicates 32 species and species groups have strong correspondence with the pattern of summer sea surface temperature. In addition, the total diatom flux data compiled from ten sediment traps reveal that the seasonal signals preserved in the surface sediments are mostly from spring through autumn. This close relationship between diatom composition and the summer sea surface temperature will be useful in deriving a transfer function in the subarctic North Pacific for the quantitative paleoceanographic and paleoenvironmental studies. The relative abundance of the sea-ice indicator diatoms Fragilariopsis cylindrus and F. oceanica of >20% in the diatom composition is used to represent the winter sea ice edge in the Bering Sea. The northern boundary of the distribution of F. doliolus in the open ocean is suggested to be an indicator of the Subarctic Front, while the abundance of Chaetoceros resting spores may indicate iron input from nearby continents and shelves and induced productivity events in the study area.