996 resultados para Arterial-wall


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Testosterone can benefit individual fitness by increasing ornament colour, aggressiveness, and sperm quality, but it can also impose both metabolic and immunological costs. However, evidence that testosterone causes immuno suppression in freely living populations is scant. We studied the effects of testosterone on one component of the immune system (i.e., the cell-mediated response to phytohaemagglutinin), parasite load, and metabolic rate in the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768). For analyses of immunocompetence and parasitism, male lizards were implanted at the end of the breeding season with either empty or testosterone implants and were returned to their site of capture for 5-6 weeks before recapture. For analyses of the effects of testosterone on metabolic rate, male lizards were captured and implanted before hibernation and were held in the laboratory for 1 week prior to calorimetry. Experimental treatment with testosterone decreased the cell-mediated response to the T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin and increased mean metabolic rate. No effects of testosterone on the number of ectoparasites, hemoparasites, and resting metabolic rate could be detected. These results are discussed in the framework of the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis and the immuno-redistribution process hypothesis. [Authors]

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Una de les principals complicacions de la cirurgia de la dissecció aòrtica aguda és el dany neurològic. Entre els principals avenços per a la seva prevenció destaca el canvi de la perfusió arterial retrògrada a anterògrada a través de l’artèria axil•lar, amb la possibilitat de realitzar protecció cerebral. Hipòtesis de treball: L’ús de la canulació arterial axil•lar ha permès reduïr significativament l’incidència de complicacions neurològiques en la cirurgia de la dissecció aguda aòrtica. Material i mètodes: De manera retrospectiva, s’han comparat els pacients intervinguts de dissecció aòrtica aguda al llarg dels últims deu anys. Conclusió principal: L’ús de la canulació arterial axil•lar ha permès reduïr significativament l’incidència de complicacions neurològiques en la cirurgia de la dissecció aòrtica aguda del nostre centre.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation és una escala neurològica prehospitalària que prediu la presència d’una oclusió arterial proximal (OAP) en els pacients amb un ictus isquèmic agut de la circulació cerebral anterior (IIACCA). Fou dissenyada valorant retrospectivament a 654 pacients amb un IIACCA, seleccionant la combinació dels ítems de la National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale que mostraven una major associació amb la presència d’una OAP: parèsia facial, parèsia braquial, parèsia crural, desviació oculocefàlica y agnòsia/afàsia. Fou validada valorant prospectivament a 93 activacions del Codi Ictus, mostrant una sensibilitat del 88% y una especificitat del 65% per una puntuació ≥ 4.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of body position on the arterial stiffness indices provided by radial applanation tonometry in pregnant and nonpregnant women. METHODS: Twenty-four young women (18-30 years) in the third trimester of a normal pregnancy and 20 healthy nonpregnant women of the same age were enrolled. In each, applanation tonometry was carried out in the sitting and supine position. The following stiffness indices were analyzed: systolic augmentation index (sAix), sAix adjusted for heart rate (sAix@75) and diastolic augmentation index (dAix), all expressed in % of central aortic pulse pressure. RESULTS: The sAix was apparently not influenced by body position, but the transition from seated to supine was associated with a substantial decrease in heart rate. When correcting for this confounder by calculating the sAix@75, systolic augmentation was substantially lower when individuals were supine (mean ± SD: nonpregnant 3.0 ± 14.4%, pregnant 8.8 ± 9.7%) than when they were sitting (nonpregnant 5.7 ± 13.0%, pregnant 11.1 ± 83%, P = 0.005 supine vs. seated in both study groups, P > 0.2 for pregnant vs. nonpregnant). The influence of body position on the dAix went in the opposite direction (supine: nonpregnant 9.7 ± 6.6%, pregnant 4.4 ± 3.5%; seated: nonpregnant 7.7 ± 5.8%, pregnant 3.3 ± 2.4%, P < 0.00001 supine vs. seated in both study groups, P = 0.001 for pregnant vs. nonpregnant). CONCLUSION: Body position has a major impact on the pattern of central aortic pressure augmentation by reflected waves in healthy young women examined either during third trimester pregnancy or in the nonpregnant state.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La Esclerosis Sistémica (ES) es un trastorno generalizado del tejido conectivo caracterizado por el engrosamiento y la fibrosis tanto de la piel como de órganos internos asociándose a daño vascular. Tradicionalmente, la afectación vascular en la ES ha sido considerada principalmente microvascular (1). Sin embargo, existe evidencia reciente que muestra que la ES podría también asociarse a lesión macrovascular (2) debido a la situación de inflamación crónica sostenida que predispondría al incremento de la rigidez de la pared arterial (3) y el desarrollo de arteriosclerosis. No obstante, y a pesar de diversos intentos en estudios realizados en la última década, la fisiopatología completa de los mecanismos subyacentes permanece todavía sin esclarecer. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo ha sido analizar; por un lado, dentro de una población de pacientes con ES, una serie de parámetros para evaluar la prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular subclínica y la existencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y; por otra parte, comparar esos hallazgos frente a una población sana en busca de diferencias que apoyen la hipótesis existente en la actualidad de que, ciertas enfermedades autoinmunes predisponen al desarrollo de arteriosclerosis precoz (3,4).

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Los estudios que relacionan el abandono del tabaco con los parámetros de rigidez arterial son escasos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar el efecto del abandono del tabaco sobre la tensión arterial, la frecuencia cardiaca y los parámetros de rigidez arterial. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo de seguimiento en un grupo de fumadores activos que inician deshabituación tabáquica. A los 3 meses se obtuvo una mejoría en la presión arterial y el Índice de aumento. A los 12 meses de seguimiento el número de pacientes es escaso pero se mantiene una tendencia a la mejoría. En los que continuaron fumando no se observaron cambios.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Un 5-10% de hipertensos no controlan las cifras de TA a pesar de tomar 3 o más fármacos (uno de ellos un diurético), definiendo la HTA refractaria. Estos pacientes presentan un riesgo cardiovascular más elevado. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y observacional de 101 casos con TA sistólica por MAPA &140 mmHg. El 75% presenta patrón nictemeral alterado. El 54% presentó algún nuevo evento cardiovascular. La HVI es un factor predictor de mortalidad cardiovascular. La causa principal de HTA refractaria es la esencial, siendo la IRC la etiología más prevalente de HTA secundaria.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common disease with increasing prevalence, presenting with impaired walking ability affecting patient's quality of life. PAD epidemiology is known, however, mechanisms underlying functional muscle impairment remain unclear. Using a mouse PAD model, aim of this study was to assess muscle adaptive responses during early (1 week) and late (5 weeks) disease stages. Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced in ApoE(-/-) mice by iliac artery ligation. Ischemic limb perfusion and oxygenation (Laser Doppler imaging, transcutaneous oxygen pressure assessments) significantly decreased during early and late stage compared to pre-ischemia, however, values were significantly higher during late versus early phase. Number of arterioles and arteriogenesis-linked gene expression increased at later stage. Walking ability, evaluated by forced and voluntary walking tests, remained significantly decreased both at early and late phase without any significant improvement. Muscle glucose uptake ([18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) significantly increased during early ischemia decreasing at later stage. Gene expression analysis showed significant shift in muscle M1/M2 macrophages and Th1/Th2 T cells balance toward pro-inflammatory phenotype during early ischemia; later, inflammatory state returned to neutrality. Muscular M1/M2 shift inhibition by a statin prevented impaired walking ability in early ischemia. High-energy phosphate metabolism remained unchanged (31-Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Results show that rapid transient muscular inflammation contributes to impaired walking capacity while increased glucose uptake may be a compensatory mechanisms preserving immediate limb viability during early ischemia in a mouse PAD model. With time, increased ischemic limb perfusion and oxygenation assure muscle viability although not sufficiently to improve walking impairment. Subsequent decreased muscle glucose uptake may partly contribute to chronic walking impairment. Early inflammation inhibition and/or late muscle glucose impairment prevention are promising strategies for PAD management.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Sequence homologies suggest that the Bacillus subtilis 168 tagO gene encodes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:undecaprenyl-P N-acetylglucosaminyl 1-P transferase, the enzyme responsible for catalysing the first step in the synthesis of the teichoic acid linkage unit, i.e. the formation of undecaprenyl-PP-N-acetylglucosamine. Inhibition of tagO expression mediated by an IPTG-inducible P(spac) promoter led to the development of a coccoid cell morphology, a feature characteristic of mutants blocked in teichoic acid synthesis. Indeed, analyses of the cell-wall phosphate content, as well as the incorporation of radioactively labelled precursors, revealed that the synthesis of poly(glycerol phosphate) and poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate), the two strain 168 teichoic acids known to share the same linkage unit, was affected. Surprisingly, under phosphate limitation, deficiency of TagO precludes the synthesis of teichuronic acid, which is normally induced under these conditions. The regulatory region of tagO, containing two partly overlapping sigma(A)-controlled promoters, is similar to that of sigA, the gene encoding the major sigma factor responsible for growth. Here, the authors discuss the possibility that TagO may represent a pivotal element in the multi-enzyme complexes responsible for the synthesis of anionic cell-wall polymers, and that it may play one of the key roles in balanced cell growth.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Objectius: Conèixer la prevalença de malaltia arterial perifèrica en malalts hipertensos. Material y Métodes. Estudi descriptiu transversal en una mostra de 300 persones hipertenses majors de 15 anys obtingudes al atzar, ateses al centre de Salut de Paterna. Resultats. La prevalença fou d´un 16,7% determinada per un IMB patològic (&0.90). En l´anàlisi multifactorial sols va resultar significativa la variable sexe odds ratio (OR = 2,43) Conclusions. Es necesari prendre conciència de la importància de la MAP per la seua forta capacitat predictora de mal pronòstic a curt-mitjà termini. El IMB es una eina útil, senzilla i barata.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

L`electrocardiograma és la primera eina diagnòstica fàcilment disponible per la detecció de l´infart a la práctica clínica. El seu valor va ser donat principalment amb estudis antics anatomopatològics. La ressonància magnètica cardíaca actualment és la tècnica d`elecció per la detecció de l`infart. Aquest estudi investiga el valor de l`electrocardiograma ( sensibilitat i especificitat) per detectar infarts de la zona anteroseptal. Conclusiò: la sensibilitat y la especificitat de quatre patents electrocardiogràfiques de la zona anteroseptal va ser valorada. Així mateix, encara que s`observin extenses ones Q en les derivacions anteriors la necrosis és usualment limitada si VL no está afectat. 3