Política de educação no campo: para além da alfabetização (1952-1963)

Este livro resgata o processo de elaboração, percurso e desenvolvimento da Campanha Nacional de Educação Rural (CNER), criada em 1952 e extinta em 1963, no contexto histórico que a ensejou, articulada às ideias hegemônicas do período, determinantes da ação do Estado e de setores da sociedade civil. Movimentos de organizações internacionais e a política nacional pela expansão do desenvolvimento econômico e modernização rural, aliam a educação a essas finalidades. A Campanha adota orientações pedagógicas da Educação de Base e do Desenvolvimento de Comunidade, pressupostos do funcionalismo e do neotomismo, com respaldo da Igreja Católica. Conhecimentos teóricos e técnicos pretendiam ofertar vida compatível com a dignidade humana e com os ideais democráticos para a cidadania. A pesquisa investiga os processos de conquista da cidadania, na perspectiva da contradição, ao explicitar avanços e retrocessos na relação educativa do programa. A análise considerou o conjunto de fontes documentais produzidas para e pela Campanha, como periódicos e acervo iconográfico, localizados em bibliotecas e arquivos. As categorias de análises contemplam temas emergentes para atender às demandas do campo, como: educação, habitação, saúde, lazer e promoção da educação política, para educação dos costumes, para além da alfabetização. O desenvolvimento da cidadania e da democracia pretendidas fundou-se em situações educativas pontuais e na resolução de conflitos sociais mais voltados para os indivíduos e os grupos, e menos como processos decorrentes do interior das práticas sociais. Contudo, a política foi relevante naquele contexto, pois, se não fosse a nossa cultura de descontinuidades e articulação das políticas sociais, as condições de vida e trabalho no campo poderiam ser outras.

Serum bactericidal activity as indicator of innate immunity in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Formação para o ensino agrícola nos Centros de Treinamento de Professores e de Auxiliares Rurais (1952-1963)

This paper analyzes agricultural education as proposed and developed by the National Campaign for Rural Education (1952-1963) in Training Centers for Rural Teachers and Assistants. It analyzes the curricula of such courses published by the campaign in special issue, number 10 in 1961/1962. Agricultural education was a part of rural education and aimed to train rural teachers and expand the knowledge of rural men to make them remain in their environment. This training aimed to address the shortage of rural teachers, of agricultural knowledge, rural hygiene, strongly guided by the education of manners, of how to behave at the table and by the appreciation of rational leisure, together with campaigns for civil and marriage registration, a campaign for trees, encouragement to elect representatives to boards as a means of educating for citizenship. Such lack of rural teachers and the complaints about low wages disclose the practices of our current rulers who devalue the teaching profession.

Degradation, residual determination, and cholinesterase activity of triclorfon in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Pacu) 1887

The aim of this study was to determine the no-observable-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for trichlorfon, an antiparasitic agent used in aquaculture, in Piractus mesopotamicus (pacu) using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as an end point. Fish were exposed 24 h/d for 15 d to different concentrations of trichlorfon in tanks of water for which a curve of dissipation was previously determined. Analysis of trichlorfon in water and fish plasma using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) enabled measurement of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, to be 3 and 10 ppb. Thirty-six hours after trichlorfon dilution in water, the concentration was below the LOD, and data showed that plasma concentrations did not exceed the LOQ. Apart from the 6.25 g/L, all concentrations of trichlorfon significantly inhibited plasma and brain AChE activity compared to controls. The AChE activity levels returned to control values in 7 d. These data may be useful to determine the concentration of trichlorfon that destroys parasites without producing adverse effects in fish.

Chilling curves for Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) embryos stored at-8 degrees C

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação de língua portuguesa em provas escolares do século XX (1935 e 1963)

The article analyses three school exams of Elementary School, two belonging to a mother and one of her son, which were kept and provided to the researcher by the mother. The first two exams were dated March 30 and November 13, 1935 of the 3rd grade of Grupo Escolar Fernando Lobo in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. The third one was produced at Grupo Escolar Coronel Amâncio Bueno in Jaguariúna, São Paulo in March 28, 1963 in a 4th grade class. The analysed data all together point out school products which are the result of the relationship between teacher, student and school culture. School exams are as important documents as the notebooks in order to understand the school culture, and as this paper tries to indicate, they are the means for the insertion into the world of written culture. The methodology based on the microanalysis of these documents reveals records about the structure of the exams and the Brazilian school curriculum in the teaching of Portuguese as a mother tongue in 1935 e 1963.

A instalação do serviço de inspeção escolar na Província de São Paulo (1835-1887)

This article discusses the establishment of the school inspection service in the Province of Sao Paulo between the implementation of the Provincial Legislature in 1835 and the last years of the monarchy. In this work, were taken as sources - the Collection of Laws and Decrees of the Province of São Paulo (1835-1889); Speeches of the Presidents of the Province given annually at the opening of the Assembly of S„o Paulo (1835-1889), and the reports of the General Inspectors presented to the President of the Province (1851-1889). To give theoretical support to this analysis, we used the categories of Weberian bureaucratic organization.

Dinâmica populacional de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) em bovinos mestiços mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens no município de Formiga, Minas Gerais

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Disease resistance of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) fed with beta-glucan

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Praziquantel, levamisol e diflubenzuron no controle de Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura) e Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) em Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae)

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a eficácia antiparasitária do praziquantel, levamisol e diflubenzuron administrados via oral, adicionados à ração, para pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) infectados por Anacanthorus penilabiatus e Dolops carvalhoi. Foram utilizadas 19 caixas d'água de 300 L de capacidade, comportando 28 peixes cada. Os tratamentos foram feitos misturando os princípios ativos nas dietas. A intensidade parasitária e eficácia foram avaliadas 1 dia antes e 3, 7 e 15 dias após o início da alimentação com ração contendo diflubenzuron, levamisol e praziquantel isolados ou associados em diferentes concentrações por 7 dias. Os resultados da eficácia terapêutica sugerem que, isoladamente ou associado com levamisol e praziquantel, o diflubenzuron é eficiente contra o crustáceo D. carvalhoi, demonstrando que a eficácia dos tratamentos nos dias 3, 7 e 15 variou de 96,2 a 100%. Contra os monogenóides, as drogas não apresentaram eficácia satisfatória. Os resultados sugerem o uso do diflubenzuron para o controle de D. cavalhoi em peixes de cativeiro e em condições de quarentenário.

New systematic assignments in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores)

As part of an ongoing revision of the family Gonyleptidac, we have identified many species that are synonyms of previously described species or misplaced in this family. This article summarizes these findings, adding previously unavailable information or correcting imprecise observations to justify the presented taxonomic changes. The following new familial or subfamilial assignments are proposed: Nemastygnus Roewer, 1929 and Taulisa Roewer, 1956 are transferred to Agoristenidae, Agoristeninae; Napostygnus Roewer, 1929 to Cranaidae; Ceropachylinus peruvianus Roewer, 1956 and Pirunipygus Roewer, 1936 are transferred to Gonyleptidae, Ampycinae; Gyndesops Roewer, 1943, Haversia Roewer, 1913 and Oxapampeus Roewer, 1963 are transferred to Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae. The following generic synonymies are proposed for the family Gonyleptidae: Acanthogonyleptes Mello-Leitao, 1922 = Centroleptes Roewer, 1943; Acrographinotus Roewer, 1929 = Unduavius Roewer, 1929; Gonyleptes Kirby, 1819 = Collonychium Bertkau, 1880; Mischonyx Bertkau, 1880 = Eugonyleptes Roewer, 1913 and Gonazula Roewer, 1930; Parampheres Roewer, 1913 = Metapachyloides Roewer, 1917; Pseudopucrolia Roewer, 19 12 = Meteusarcus Roewer, 1913; Haversia Roewer, 19 13 = Hoggellula Roewer, 1930. The following specific synonymies are proposed for the family Gonyleptidae: Acanthogonyleptes singularis (Mello-Leitao, 1935) = Centroleptes flavus Roewer, 1943, syn. n.; Geraeocormobius sylvarum Holmberg, 1887 = Discocyrtus serrifemur Roewer, 1943, syn. n.; Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sorensen, 1884) = Gonyleptes cancellatus Roewer, 1917, syn. n.; Gonyleptes atrus Mello-Leitao, 1923 = Weyhia brieni Giltay, 1928, syn. n.; Gonyleptes fragilis Mello-Leitao, 1923 = Gonyleptes banana Kury, 2003, syn. n.; Gonyleptes horridus Kirby, 1819 = Collonychium bicuspidatum Bertkau, 1880, syn. n., Gonyleptes borgmeyeri Mello-Leitao, 1932, syn. n., Gonyleptes curvicornis Mello-Leitao, 1932, syn. n., Metagonyleptes hamatus Roewer, 1913, syn. n. and Paragonyleptes simoni Roewer, 1930, syn. n.; Gonyleptes pustulatus Sorensen, 1884 = Gonyleptes guttatus Roewer, 1917, syn. n.; Haversia defensa (Butler, 1876) = Sadocus vallentini Hogg, 1913, syn. n.; Liogonyleptoides minensis (Piza, 1946) = Currala bahiensis Soares, 1972, syn. n.; Megapachylus grandis Roewer, 1913 = Metapachyloides almeidai Soares & Soares, 1946, syn. n.; Mischonyx cuspidatus (Roewer, 1913) = Gonazula gibbosa Roewer, 1930 syn. n.; Mischonyx scaber (Kirby, 1819) = Xundarava holacantha Mello-Leitao, 1927, syn. n.; Parampheres tibialis Roewer, 1917 = Metapachyloides rugosus Roewer, 1917, syn. n.; Parapachyloides uncinatus (Sorensen, 1879) = Goyazella armata Mello-Leitao, 1931, syn. n.; Pseudopucrolia mutica (Perry, 1833) = Meteusarcus armatus Roewer, 1913, syn. n. The following new combinations are proposed: Acrographinotus ornatus (Roewer, 1929), comb. n. (ex Unduavius); Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sorensen, 1884), comb. n. (ex Gonyleptes); Gonyleptes perlatus (Mello-Leitao, 1935), comb. n. (ex Moojenia); Mischonyx scaber (Kirby, 1819), comb. n. (ex Gonyleptes); and Neopachyloides peruvianus (Roewer, 1956), comb. n. (ex Ceropachylus). The following species of Gonyleptidae, Gonyleptinae are revalidated: Gonyleptes atrus Mello-Leitao, 1923 and Gonyleptes curvicornis (Roewer, 1913).

Profitable instructions (1963) : edición de texto y análisis de la expresión del punto de vista

[ES] Esta tesis presenta la edición crítica del libro Profitable instructions; describing what speciall obseruations are to be taken by trauellers in all nations, states and countries; pleasant and profitable. By the three much admired, Robert, late Earle of Essex. Sir Philip Sidney. And, Secretary Davison (1633). Dicho manual contiene tres partes diferenciadas como (a) el material prefatorio formado por una carta dirigida al lector, (b) el manual de instrucciones para el viajero, y (c) dos cartas dirigidas a viajeros noveles. Este libro ha sido objeto de estudio de algunos investigadores desde una perspectiva cultural y literaria, especialmente, la carta redactada por Sidney. Sin embargo, no parece haber sido editado anteriormente en su totalidad ni tampoco el texto ha sido objeto de análisis lingüístico y/o textual. Existe, no obstante, alguna edición de la carta de Robert Devereux al Conde de Rutland como la realizada por Spedding et al. (1862).

La Pace Calda. La nascita del movimento antinucleare negli Stati Uniti e in Gran Bretagna, 1957-1963

The aim of this proposal is to offer an alternative perspective on the study of Cold War, since insufficient attention is usually paid to those organizations that mobilized against the development and proliferation of nuclear weapons. The antinuclear movement began to mobilize between the 1950s and the 1960s, when it finally gained the attention of public opinion, and helped to build a sort of global conscience about nuclear bombs. This was due to the activism of a significant part of the international scientific community, which offered powerful intellectual and political legitimization to the struggle, and to the combined actions of the scientific and organized protests. This antinuclear conscience is something we usually tend to consider as a fait accompli in contemporary world, but the question is to show its roots, and the way it influenced statesmen and political choices during the period of nuclear confrontation of the early Cold War. To understand what this conscience could be and how it should be defined, we have to look at the very meaning of the nuclear weapons that has deeply modified the sense of war. Nuclear weapons seemed to be able to destroy human beings everywhere with no realistic forms of control of the damages they could set off, and they represented the last resource in the wide range of means of mass destruction. Even if we tend to consider this idea fully rational and incontrovertible, it was not immediately born with the birth of nuclear weapons themselves. Or, better, not everyone in the world did immediately share it. Due to the particular climate of Cold War confrontation, deeply influenced by the persistence of realistic paradigms in international relations, British and U.S. governments looked at nuclear weapons simply as «a bullet». From the Trinity Test to the signature of the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963, many things happened that helped to shift this view upon nuclear weapons. First of all, more than ten years of scientific protests provided a more concerned knowledge about consequences of nuclear tests and about the use of nuclear weapons. Many scientists devoted their social activities to inform public opinion and policy-makers about the real significance of the power of the atom and the related danger for human beings. Secondly, some public figures, as physicists, philosophers, biologists, chemists, and so on, appealed directly to the human community to «leave the folly and face reality», publicly sponsoring the antinuclear conscience. Then, several organizations leaded by political, religious or radical individuals gave to this protests a formal structure. The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in Great Britain, as well as the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy in the U.S., represented the voice of the masses against the attempts of governments to present nuclear arsenals as a fundamental part of the international equilibrium. Therefore, the antinuclear conscience could be defined as an opposite feeling to the development and the use of nuclear weapons, able to create a political issue oriented to the influence of military and foreign policies. Only taking into consideration the strength of this pressure, it seems possible to understand not only the beginning of nuclear negotiations, but also the reasons that permitted Cold War to remain cold.