Transforming aquatic agricultural systems towards gender equality: a five country review

Aquatic agricultural systems (AAS) are systems in which the annual production dynamics of freshwater and/or coastal ecosystems contribute significantly to total household income. Improving the livelihood security and wellbeing of the estimated 250 million poor people dependent on AAS in Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands and Zambia is the goal of the Worldfish Center-led Consortium Research Program (CRP), “Harnessing the development potential of aquatic agricultural systems for development.” One component expected to contribute to sustainably achieving this goal is enhancing the gender and wider social equity of the social, economic and political systems within which the AAS function. The CRP’s focus on social equity, and particularly gender equity, responds to the limited progress to date in enhancing the inclusiveness of development outcomes through interventions that offer improved availability of resources and technologies without addressing the wider social constraints that marginalized populations face in making use of them. The CRP aims to both offer improved availability and address the wider social constraints in order to determine whether a multi-level approach that engages with individuals, households and communities, as well as the wider social, economic and political contexts in which they function, is more successful in extending development’s benefits to women and other excluded groups. Designing the research in development initiatives to test this hypothesis requires a solid understanding of each CRP country’s social, cultural and economic contexts and of the variations across them. This paper provides an initial input into developing this knowledge, based on a review of literature on agriculture, aquaculture and gender relations within the five focal countries. Before delving into the findings of the literature review, the paper first justifies the expectation that successfully achieving lasting wellbeing improvements for poor women and men dependent on AAS rests in part on advances in gender equity, and in light of this justification, presents the AAS CRP’s conceptual framew

Processamento digital de imagens destinado ao mapeamento da ocupação humana do alto Bonfim e análise histórica dos remanescentes florestais entre os anos de 1965 a 2006.

Através do processamento de imagens digitais, mais especificamente as etapas de segmentação e classificação, foi possível analisar o processo de ocupação humana da bacia hidrográfica do rio Bonfim, localizada no município de Petrópolis, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este processo possibilitou a geração de mapas de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal e configurou-se numa importante etapa para avaliação ambiental capaz de auxiliar e dar fomento à execução de atividades de gestão e monitoramento do meio ambiente e de análise histórica dos remanescentes florestais ao longo dos últimos anos. Nesta pesquisa foram adotadas classes temáticas com o propósito de permitir a classificação das imagens digitais na escala 1/40.000. As classes adotadas foram: afloramento rochoso e vegetação rupestre; obras e edificações; áreas agrícolas e vegetação. Estudos foram feitos no sentido de indicar o melhor método de classificação. Primeiramente, efetuou-se a classificação no sistema SPRING, testando-se os melhores parâmetros de similaridade e área na detecção de fragmentos, somente da classe vegetação. Houve tentativa de classificar as demais classes de uso diretamente pelo sistema SPRING, mas esta classificação não foi viável por apresentar conflitos em relação às classes, desta forma, neste sistema foi feita somente a classificação e quantificação da classe vegetação. Visando dar continuidade a pesquisa, optou-se por executar uma interpretação visual, através do sistema ArcGis, para todas as classes de uso do solo, possibilitando o mapeamento da dinâmica de evolução humana, diante da floresta de mata atlântica na área de estudos e análise histórica de seus remanescentes entre os anos dos anos 1965, 1975, 1994 e 2006.

Fish quality and processing in Malawi: responding to challenges through institutional capacity building

Fish processing and quality control in Malawi are still poorly developed. Traditional fish processing methods are widely employed resulting in considerable post-harvest losses. One of the major challenges to steady and sustainable development in fish processing and quality management is the lack of adequately trained personel. This is directly reflected in poor institutional capacity. This project analyses the situation in fish processing and quality management in Malawi to identify gaps that require improvement. Specifically, the project assesses the role of training institutions in Malawi in capacity building for fish processing and quality management. The institution under discussion in this project is the Aquaculture and Fisheries Science Department at Bunda College of Agriculture, Malawi which is responsible for training students in aquaculture and fisheries science at the undergraduate level.Improvement in the teaching of fish processing and quality management in the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Science was identified as the major gap requiring action. The current teaching syllabus was thus analysed to identify weak areas. In conclusion, the project developed (as the major output) a teaching handbook for the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Science.

Resilient livelihoods and food security in coastal aquatic agricultural systems: Investing in transformational change

Aquatic agricultural systems (AAS) are diverse production and livelihood systems where families cultivate a range of crops, raise livestock, farm or catch fish, gather fruits and other tree crops, and harness natural resources such as timber, reeds, and wildlife. Aquatic agricultural systems occur along freshwater floodplains, coastal deltas, and inshore marine waters, and are characterized by dependence on seasonal changes in productivity, driven by seasonal variation in rainfall, river flow, and/or coastal and marine processes. Despite this natural productivity, the farming, fishing, and herding communities who live in these systems are among the poorest and most vulnerable in their countries and regions. This report provides an overview of the scale and scope of development challenges in coastal aquatic agricultural systems, their significance for poor and vulnerable communities, and the opportunities for partnership and investment that support efforts of these communities to secure resilient livelihoods in the face of multiple risks.