Gill infection of Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (Osteichthyes: Anostomidae) by Henneguya leporinicola n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Description, histopathology and treatment

Piauçus (Leporinus macrocephalus) criados em viveiro de 300 m² (densidade de 10 peixes/m²) apresentavam sinais de asfixia e mortalidade diária de 27 peixes. Exemplares com 8 cm em média foram examinados quanto à presença de lesões e seus possíveis agentes. Muco da superfície corporal e fragmentos de órgãos foram colhidos e examinados à microscopia de luz, em esfregaços a fresco ou corados ou em cortes histológicos. O exame dos esfregaços mostrou a presença de inúmeros esporos entre as lamelas secundárias dos filamentos branquiais, identificados como Henneguya leporinicola n.sp (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). À histopatologia verificou-se marcada hiperplasia epitelial com preenchimento dos espaços entre as lamelas secundárias, congestão e teleangiectasia sinusoidal. Observou-se ainda hiperplasia de células caliciformes e inúmeros cistos do parasito, com até 70,3 mim de diâmetro, localizados entre as lamelas secundárias, recobertos ou não pelo epitélio hiperplásico. Estabelecido o diagnóstico foram realizadas três aplicações de formalina na dose de 10 ml/m³ de água. Após 15 dias da última dose do tratamento, os peixes foram novamente examinados, constatando-se a eficácia das medidas adotadas para interromper a mortalidade, a enfermidade e combater o parasitismo. As únicas alterações teciduais presentes nas brânquias nesse último exame foram moderada congestão sinusoidal e discreta hiperplasia epitelial na base das lamelas secundárias.

Úlcera gastroduodenal em potros

Dentre as inúmeras patologias que acometem os eqüinos jovens, as úlceras gástricas situam-se como uma das mais importantes. MURRAY et al. (1987) trabalhando com potros clinicamente normais, constatou uma prevalência de úlceras da ordem de 51%. O mesmo autor realizando gastroscopia em 45 equinos com idade entre 1 e 24 anos, observou a presença de úlceras em 93% dos animais (MURRAY, 1988). de etiologia não completamente definida, acredita-se que inúmeros fatores estejam envolvidos na gênese das úlceras gastroduodenais, sendo o estresse um dos mais importantes. Um desequilíbrio entre os fatores de agressão e proteção da mucosa gástrica é sugerido, onde uma vez ocorrendo o predomínio dos fatores de agressão, a formação das úlceras estaria determinada. de acordo com o tipo, presença ou ausência de sinais clínicos, localização das lesões na mucosa gástrica e possíveis complicações de sua ocorrência, quatro síndromes clínicas são reconhecidas em potros: 1) úlceras assintomáticas ou silenciosas; 2) úlceras sintomáticas ou ativas; 3) úlceras perfuradas e, 4) obstrução gástrica ou duodenal. O diagnóstico deve ser baseado na história clínica, sinais clínicos, resposta à terapia e principalmente nos achados do exame gastroscópico. O tratamento pode ser feito utilizando-se drogas inibidoras da secreção ácida, protetores de mucosas, anti-ácidos, análogos da prostaglandina e estimulantes de motilidade intestinal. Quando indicado emprega-se o tratamento cirúrgico.

O programa de saúde bucal para crianças pré-escolares em Araraquara-SP-O desempenho em 1988.

This paper reports the composition change of the dmf-teeth index, outcome from dental health program for the 3 to 6 year old pre-school children population, enrolled in kindergartens in Araraquara-SP, in 1988. The program performance promotes a major contribution of the f component to the dmf-teeth index.

Estudo sobre a resistencia aos antimicrobianos em bacterias isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados (Botucatu, 1988-1992)

Since 1988 to 1992, a study about susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of bacterias isolated from hospitalized patients was performed. The compared susceptibility to important drugs (ampicillin, cephalotin, cefoxitin, ceftaxizime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, oxacillin and vancomycin) was investigated in 1200 strains (300 of each specie) of the prevalent bacterias: E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method, using from 0.05 to 256 mcg of each drug per ml of culture medium (Mueller-Hinton). Ranges of MIC, MIC(50%), MIC(90%) and the proportion of resistant strains were determined and permitted to know the 4 drugs that were found to be more active against bacterias; the CIM(90%) values are: E. coli - aztreonam (0.1 mcg/ml), pefloxacin (0.1), ceftazidime (0.25) and ceftriaxone (0.05); K. pneumoniae-aztreonam (0.25) ceftriaxone (0.25), ceftazidime (0.5) and pefloxacin (2.0); P. aeruginosa-imipenem (4.0), aztreonam (16), ceftazidime (16) and ciprofloxacin (16); S. aureus-vancomycin (1.01, ciprofloxacin (8, 0), amikacin (128) and cephalothin (128 mg/ml). The better 'in vitro' antibacterial activity observed was related to: aztreonam (77-100% of the sensitive strains), ceftazidime (50-99,7%), pefloxacin (73-99,7%), ciprofloxacin (80%), imipenem (93%) and vancomycin (100%).

A case study of the 9 August 1988 South Atlantic storm: Numerical simulations of the wave activity

During 9-11 August 1988, a cyclone developed over Uruguay in the lee of the Andes Mountains and moved over the South Atlantic Ocean, where it redeveloped into an intense storm. This storm was responsible for unusual wave activity along the Brazilian shoreline from 22° to 32°S. The Brazilian news media reported the loss of at least one life, waves of 3 m and higher, and the disappearance of a drainage pipe, which weighed 8000 kg, off the shores of Rio de Janeiro. In this paper, the evolution of this intense storm and the associated ocean wave response is studied through European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses, a hydrostatic limited-area meteorological model, and a second-generation prognostic wave model. The atmospheric model results indicated the presence of a long-lived and large fetch with surface wind velocities higher than 12 m s -1 directed toward the coast. Some areas with velocities of 20 m s -1 were embedded in the fetch. The wave model forced by this wind field was able to simulate waves with a significant height of 8 m far from the coast and about 4 m in regions very close to the Brazilian coast in agreement with the occurrence reported at Rio de Janeiro. The swell propagation toward the coast of Rio de Janeiro was obstructed by a northeastward 10-m wind during the first 24-h period of the model's integration. During the second 24-h period, the fetch was still large and strong, but the obstacle was removed by a counterclockwise rotation of wind direction favoring the swell and windsea propagation toward the Rio de Janeiro coast.

Estudo sobre a resistência aos antimicrobianos em bactérias isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados (Botucatu, 1988-1992)

Since 1988 to 1992, a study about susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of bacterias isolated from hospitalized patients was performed. The compared susceptibility to important drugs (ampicilin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, peftoxacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, oxacillin and vancomicin) was investigated in 1200 strains (300 of each specie) of the prevalent bacterias: E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method, using from 0,05 to 256 mcg of each drug per ml of culture medium (Mueller-Hinton). Ranges of MIC, MIC 50%, MIC 90% and the proportion of resistant strains were determined and permited to know the 4 drugs that were found to be more active against bacterias; the CIM 90% values are: E. coli - aztreonam (0,1 mcg/ml), pefloxacin (0,1), ceftazidime (0,25) and ceftriaxone (0,05); K. pneumoniae - aztreonam (0,25), ceftriaxone (0,25), ceftazidime (0,5) and pefloxacin (2,0); P. aeruginosa - imipenem (4,0), aztreonam (16), ceftazidime (16) and ciprofloxacin (16); S. aureus - vancomicina (1,0), ciprofloxacin (8,0), arnicacina (128) and cephalothin (128 mg/ml). The better in vitro antibacterial activity observed was related to: aztreonam (77-100% of the sensitive strains), ceftazidime (50-99,7%), pefloxacin (73-99,7%), ciprofloxacin(80%), imipenem (93%) and vancomicin (100%).

Efeitos do parasitismo sobre a estrutura branquial de Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello e Britsk, 1988 (Anastomidae) e Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes:Characidae).

This work described the lesions caused in different species of fish by gill parasites from fee-fishing at Guariba, State of São Paulo. The research was developed from april, 1997 to march to 1999, seeking to verified the kind tissues lesions from fish. Of these, forty and seven were Leporinus macrocephalus and fifty and five Piaractus mesopotamicus. About 87.2% of the L. macrocephalus, and 58.1% of the P. mesopotamicus were sponged by several species of parasites. The parasite most abundant in L. macrocephalus was Piscinoodinium pillulare, while monogenean, Trichodina sp and myxosporidian infected P. mesopotamicus. Severe gill lesions have been observed in L. macrocephalus and P. mesopotamicus caused by monogenean, P. pillulare e Trichodina sp. parasitism, such as intersticial hemorrhage, sub-epithelium edema, inflammation, epitelial hiperplasy in filaments and lamina, proliferation of mucosal cells and laminar fusion.

Anuario estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe, 1988 = Statistical yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean, 1988

Incluye Bibliografía

Estudio económico de América Latina y el Caribe 1988 = Economic survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 1988

Incluye Bibliografía

Panorama económico de América Latina, 1988 = Economic panorama of Latin America, 1988

Incluye Bibliografía

Economic policy options and financial globalization: Mexico, 1988-99

Includes bibliography

CEPAL 40 años (1948-1988)

Incluye Bibliografía

CEPAL, bibliografía 1948-1988

Abarca toda la producción bibliográfica de CEPAL, ILPES y CELADE desde 1948 a 1987, excluidos solamente los temarios de reunión, listas de documentos e informes de carácter administrativo e institucional.