Controle de Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja com inseticidas químicos e biológicos.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de inseticidas autorizados emergencialmente para o controle de Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja. Sete inseticidas foram pulverizados em campo e, após 24 horas, folhas do ponteiro foram coletadas e oferecidas para lagartas de 2o instar em laboratório. Lagartas do 4o instar receberam a última folha trifoliolada que se encontrava completamente expandida no momento da pulverização. Outro grupo foi exposto a folhas coletadas a partir de 72 horas da pulverização. Em campo, seis inseticidas foram pulverizados e, em seguida, as plantas foram infestadas com lagartas de 2o e 3o instar. No primeiro estudo, flubendiamida, clorantraniliprole, clorfenapir, indoxacarbe e metoxifenozida causaram 100% de mortalidade do 4o instar aos oito dias após o início da exposição, enquanto baculovírus e Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) propiciaram mortalidade de 60-75%, que evoluiu para 88?90% ao final da fase de pupa. Para o 2o instar, apenas flubendiamida e clorantraniliprole proporcionaram mortalidade de 100%. Flubendiamida, clorantraniliprole e clorfenapir apresentaram o menor tempo letal para o 4o instar, e flubendiamida e clorantraniliprole, para o 2o instar. Após 72 horas da pulverização, o desempenho dos inseticidas foi insatisfatório. Em campo, houve eficiência satisfatória de flubendiamida, espinosade, baculovírus e Bt sobre lagartas de 2o e 3o instar. ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of insecticides authorized on an emergency basis to control of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean. Seven insecticides were sprayed on the field and, 24 hours after that, soybean pointer leaves were collected and offered to 2nd instar larvae in the laboratory. Fourth instar larvae received the last trifoliate leaf that was fully expanded at the time of spraying. Another larvae group was exposed to leaves collected from 72 hours onwards after spraying. In the field, six insecticides were sprayed, and then the plants were infested with 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. In the first study, flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide caused 100% mortality of the 4th instar, eight days after the beginning of exposure, while baculovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) caused 60?75% mortality, which reached 88?90% at the end of the pupal stage. For 2nd instar larvae, only flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole caused 100% mortality. Flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, and chlorfenapyr showed the lowest lethal time for the 4th instar, and flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole for the 2nd instar. Seventy-two hours after spraying, the performance of insecticides was not satisfactory. In the field, there was satisfactory efficiency of flubendiamide, spinosad, baculovirus, and Bt on 2nd and 3rd instar larvae.

Parasitism of Helicoverpa armigera pupae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).

2016

Ação de formulações comerciais de Bacillus spp sobre lagartas de Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Grapholita molesta é uma praga-chave em cultivos de macieira no sul do Brasil. Para controle de suas populações inúmeras intervenções com agrotóxicos são necessárias ao longo da safra. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de formulações comerciais à base de Bacillus spp. no controle de lagartas de primeiro ínstar de G. molesta. O estudo foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições: B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Dipel WG®); B. thuringiensis var. aizawai + kurstaki (Agree®); B. subtilis (Serenade®); B. pumilus (Sonata®) e uma testemunha (água). Cada tratamento foi alocado em uma microplaca contendo 24 células preenchidas com 0,67ml de dieta artificial e 12micronL da solução tratamento (em dose comercial) mais uma lagarta por célula. Os tratamentos foram mantidos em condições controladas e avaliada a mortalidade em 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. As formulações de B. thuringiensis mostraram eficiência de controle superior aos demais tratamentos e não diferem entre si. Bacillus subtilis e B. pumilus evidenciaram controle da praga, porém, intermediário quando comparado à B. thuringiensis.

Ocorrência de Hypsipyla ferrealis Hampson (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) em andiroba no Estado do Acre.

Relata-se a ocorrência de Hypsipyla ferrealis Hampson no Estado do Acre, infestando sementes de andirobeiras, oriundas do município de Senador Guiomard - AC. No Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Acre, as sementes foram depositadas em bandejas plásticas contendo areia umedecida e acondicionadas no interior de uma gaiola telada. Diariamente, a gaiola foi inspecionada à procura de insetos emergidos, os quais foram identificados como Hypsipyla ferrealis, lepidóptero comumente associado infestando sementes de andirobeira. Este é o primeiro registro desta espécie ocorrendo em sementes de andirobeira no estado do Acre.

Burrknots as food source for larval development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on apple trees.

Grapholita molesta (Busck) is one of the main pests of apple trees, and lives on their shoots and fruits. In southern Brazil, the insect is also found on old branches and structures similar to aerial roots, so-called burrknots. This study evaluated the development and population growth potential of G. molesta fed on burrknots, compared with apple fruit cultivar. Fuji and a corn-based artiÞcial diet. The study was carried out in the laboratory under controlled temperature (25 1C), relative humidity (7010%), and photophase (16 h). The biological parameters of the immature and adult stages were determined, and a fertility life table was constructed. Insects fed on burrknots showed a longer duration and a lower survival for the egg-to-adult period (29.3 d and 22.5%) compared with those that fed on apples (25.1 d and 30.0%) and artiÞcial diet (23.9 d and 54.8%). Insects reared on aerial roots had a lower pupal weight (10.0 mg) compared with those reared on either artiÞcial diet (13.7 mg) or apple cultivar. Fuji (12.4 mg). The fecundity and longevity of males and females did not signiÞcantly differ for the three foods. Based on the fertility life table, insects reared on burrknots had the lowest net reproductive rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of population growth (rm) and finite rate of increase, compared with insects reared on artiÞcial diet and apple fruit. Burrknots support the development of the complete cycle of G. molesta, which allows populations of this pest to increase in orchards.

Biotecnologia de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) e controle integrado de Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick, 1937) e Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: tortricidae) com feromônios sexuais na cultura da macieira.

2007

Controle biológico natural da Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho Bt.

2016

Desenvolvimento de Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) e perda de peso em genótipos de milho Bt.

2016

Monitoramento de Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) no milho Bt.

2016

Monitoramento da Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho Bt.

2016

Monitoramento de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em área de refúgio e ocorrência de parasitoides.

2016

Plantas hospedeiras de Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

2016

Insetos associados à cana-de-açúcar no Rio Grande do Sul e biologia de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

2016

Ant-caterpillar Antagonism At The Community Level: Interhabitat Variation Of Tritrophic Interactions In A Neotropical Savanna.

Ant foraging on foliage can substantially affect how phytophagous insects use host plants and represents a high predation risk for caterpillars, which are important folivores. Ant-plant-herbivore interactions are especially pervasive in cerrado savanna due to continuous ant visitation to liquid food sources on foliage (extrafloral nectaries, insect honeydew). While searching for liquid rewards on plants, aggressive ants frequently attack or kill insect herbivores, decreasing their numbers. Because ants vary in diet and aggressiveness, their effect on herbivores also varies. Additionally, the differential occurrence of ant attractants (plant and insect exudates) on foliage produces variable levels of ant foraging within local floras and among localities. Here, we investigate how variation of ant communities and of traits among host plant species (presence or absence of ant attractants) can change the effect of carnivores (predatory ants) on herbivore communities (caterpillars) in a cerrado savanna landscape. We sampled caterpillars and foliage-foraging ants in four cerrado localities (70-460 km apart). We found that: (i) caterpillar infestation was negatively related with ant visitation to plants; (ii) this relationship depended on local ant abundance and species composition, and on local preference by ants for plants with liquid attractants; (iii) this was not related to local plant richness or plant size; (iv) the relationship between the presence of ant attractants and caterpillar abundance varied among sites from negative to neutral; and (v) caterpillars feeding on plants with ant attractants are more resistant to ant predation than those feeding on plants lacking attractants. Liquid food on foliage mediates host plant quality for lepidopterans by promoting generalized ant-caterpillar antagonism. Our study in cerrado shows that the negative effects of generalist predatory ants on herbivores are detectable at a community level, affecting patterns of abundance and host plant use by lepidopterans. The magnitude of ant-induced effects on caterpillar occurrence across the cerrado landscape may depend on how ants use plants locally and how they respond to liquid food on plants at different habitats. This study enhances the relevance of plant-ant and ant-herbivore interactions in cerrado and highlights the importance of a tritrophic perspective in this ant-rich environment.

Insect feeding preferences on Piperaceae species observed in São Paulo city, Brazil

Piperaceae species have been placed among the basal angiosperm and are adapted to a variety of habitats including moist forests, secondary vegetation and dry high lands. The major anatomical/morphology features are of small trees, vines, and shrubs for Piper species, while the epiphytic and succulent characteristics are predominant forms among Peperomia species. Their secondary chemistry can be mostly represented by amides, phenylpropanoids/lignoids, and chromenes in addition to a phletoria of biosynthetically mixed-origin secondary compounds. Although several amides and lignans are known as insecticides, several phytophagous insects, among which some considered pests of economic importance, have been observed feeding vigorously on Piperaceae species. Herein we describe the feeding preferences of fourteen phytophagous species of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera over approximately fifty Piperaceae species observed in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in a long-term basis.