Relating one's social support network to one's mid term grade

Much has been written about the relation of social support to health outcomes. Support networks were found to be predictive of health status. Not so clear was the manner in which social support helped the individual to avoid health complications. Whereas some aspects of the support network were protective, others were burdensome. Duties to one's network could serve as a stressor and duties outside one's network might stress the support system itself. Exposure to one's network was associated with certain health risks while disruption in one's social support network was associated with other health risks.^ Many factors contributed to the impact of a social support network upon the individual member: the characteristics of the individual, the individual's role or position within the network, qualities of the network and duties or indebtedness of the individual to the network. This investigation considered the possibility that performance could serve as a stressor in a fashion similar to an exposure to a health hazard.^ Because the literature includes many examples of studies in which the subjects were college students, academic progress is a performance common to most subjects. A profile of the support networks of successful students was contrasted with those of less successful students in this correlational study.^ What was uncovered in this investigation was a very complex web of interrelated constructs. Most aspects of the social support network did not significantly predict academic performance. Only a limited number of characteristics were associated with academic success: the frequency of support, student age, the existence of a 'mentor' within one' s network, and the extent to which one received a predominant source of support. Other factors had a tendency to be negatively correlated with midterm grade, suggesting those factors may impede academic performance.^ Medical status did not predict grades, but was correlated with many aspects of the network. Disruptions in particular parts of one's network were correlated with particular health categories. In fact, disruption in social support was more predictive of academic outcomes than medical complications. Whereas the individual's values were related to the contributing factors, only the individual's satisfaction with certain aspects of the support network were predictive of higher midterm grades in a psychology class. Dissatisfaction was associated with lower grades, suggesting a disruptive effect within the network. Associations among the features of support networks which predicted academic progress were considered. ^

Associations between exposure to violence and depression in 5th grade students: Results from the Healthy Passages study

Purpose. To describe the prevalence of violence exposure and depression and their association among 5th grade students. ^ Methods.. Students (n=5,147) attending 5th grade (mean age 11.12) from three major metropolitan areas in the United States were surveyed on various health-related measures including experience with being a victim of violence (adapted from YRBS and Traumatic Events Screening Inventory) and depressive symptoms (from the DISC Predictive Scale). Prevalence was calculated for rates of violence exposure as well as depression defined as having five or more depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between exposure to violence and depression. ^ Results. This study found that over 35% of students were exposed to some form of violence such as being threatened, hit, punched, kicked, beaten up, or threatened/injured with a gun or knife. Male students had a higher prevalence than female students on almost all exposure types. Over 7% of students also reported having 5 or more depressive symptoms. All forms of violence were significantly associated with depression. Students who had been a victim of violence were between 2.5 and 6.5 more likely to have five or more depression symptoms. Conslusion. The results of this study underscore the urgent need of collaborative prevention and treatment efforts for children exposed to violence. By preventing such exposure, serious effects including physical injury, mental health problems, and other detrimental outcomes may be mitigated.^

The heart challenge: The effect of regular aerobic exercise on body fat distribution in third and fourth grade school children: A randomized clinical trial

The pattern of body fat distribution known as "centralized", and characterized by a predominance of subcutaneous fat on the trunk and a "pot belly", has been associated with an increased risk of chronic disease. These patterns of fat distribution, as well as the lifestyle habit variables associated with adult fatness and chronic morbidity clearly begin to develop during childhood, indicating the need for intervention and primary prevention of obesity, particularly the centralized form, during childhood or adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine whether regular aerobic exercise could beneficially alter the distribution of body fat in 8 and 9 year old children. One hundred and eighty-eight participants were randomized into either a regular aerobic exercise treatment group or a standard physical education program control group. A variety of aerobic activities was used for intervention 5 days per week during physical education class for a period of 12 weeks. Fat distribution was measured by a number of the most commonly used indices, including ratios of body circumferences and skinfolds and indices derived from a principal components analysis. Change over time in average pulse rate was used to determine if intervention actually occurred. Approximately 10% of the students were remeasured, allowing the calculation of intra- and interexaminer measurement reliability estimates for all indices.^ This study group was comparable to the U.S. population, though the study children were slightly larger for certain measures. No effect of the exercise intervention was found. The most likely explanation for this was inadequacy of the intervention, as indicated by the lack of any change in average pulse rate with treatment. The results of the measurement reliability analysis are reported and indicate that body circumference ratios are more precise than skinfold ratios, particularly when multiple observers are used. Reliability estimates for the principal component indices were also high.^ It remains unclear whether the distribution of body fat can be altered with exercise. It is likely that this issue will remain undecided until one highly reliable, valid, and sensitive measure of fat distribution can be found. ^

Molecular studies of human high grade B cell non -Hodgkin's lymphomas

The non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphomas are a diverse group of neoplastic diseases. The incidence rate of the malignant tumors has been rising rapidly over the past twenty years in the United States and worldwide. The lack of insight to pathogenesis of the disease poses a significant problem in the early detection and effective treatment of the human malignancies. These studies attempted to investigate the molecular basis of pathogenesis of the human high grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a reverse genetic approach. The specific objective was to clone gene(s) which may play roles in development and progression of human high grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.^ The messenger RNAs from two high grade B cell lymphoma lines, CJ and RR, were used for construction of cDNA libraries. Differential screening of the derived cDNA libraries yielded a 1.4 kb cDNA clone. The gene, designated as NHL-B1.4, was shown to be highly amplified and over-expressed in the high grade B cell lymphoma lines. It was not expressed in the peripheral blood lymphoid cells from normal donors. However, it was inducible in peripheral blood T lymphocytes by a T cell mitogen, PHA, but could not be activated in normal B cells by B cell mitogen PMA. Further molecular characterization revealed that the gene may have been rearranged in the RR and some other B cell lymphoma lines. The coding capacity of the cDNA has been confirmed by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ protein synthesis system. A recombinant protein with a molecular weight of approximate 30 kDa was visualized in autoradiogram. Polyclonal antisera have been generated by immunization of two rabbits with the NHL-B1.4 recombinant protein produced in the E. coli JM109. The derived antibody can recognize a natural protein with molecular weight of 49 kDa in cell lysate of activated peripheral T lymphocytes of normal donors and both the cell lysate and supernatant of RR B cell lymphoma lines. The possible biologic functions of the molecule has been tested preliminarily in a B lymphocyte proliferation assay. It was found that the Q-sepharose chromatograph purified supernatant of COS cell transfection could increase tritiated thymidine uptake by B lymphocytes but not by T lymphocytes. The B cell stimulatory activity of the supernatant of COS cell tranfection could be neutralized by the polyclonal antisera, indicating that the NHL-B1.4 gene product may be a molecule with BCGF-like activity.^ The expression profiles of NHL-B1.4 in normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells were consistent with the current B lymphocyte activation model and autocrine hypothesis of high grade B cell lymphomagenesis. These results suggested that the NHL-B1.4 cDNA may be a disease-related gene of human high grade B cell lymphomas, which may codes for a postulated B cell autocrine growth factor. ^

The association between academic achievement and health status among eighth -grade Hispanic students in Houston

This cross-sectional study examines the association between health and academic achievement among Hispanic eighth-grade students in the Houston Independent School District. As part of the district's 3 year Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative to enhance comprehensive educational programs, a brief anonymous questionnaire was administered in the classroom to 359 students in two schools during a one-month period in the early part of the 2001 school year. ^ The primary study questions are: Among this sample of Hispanic adolescents, is there a significant association between academic achievement and health status? and in this same population, is there a significant association between health risk behavior and health status? The specific aims of this research are: (1) to describe the association between academic achievement and health status; (2) to describe the association between health risk behaviors and health status; and (3) to describe the relative contribution of health risk behaviors and academic achievement to adolescent health status among this sample of Hispanic adolescents. ^ The survey instrument was a 32-item questionnaire that incorporated: several academic achievement questions measuring usual grades, school-related performance, attendance, student and perceived parental satisfaction with academic achievement, and educational aspirations; two health and quality of life scales measuring adolescent self-reported health; and specific measures of health risk behavior, e.g., frequency of tobacco cigarette smoking, alcohol and other drug use, aggression, and suicidal ideation and behavior that were incorporated from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Questions pertaining to sexual behavior and pregnancy were omitted to comply with school district guidelines. ^ Analysis revealed that strong associations between academic achievement and health status and between health risk behaviors and health status were observed after controlling for the covariates. Eight factors were found to be significantly associated with poor health status: usual grades (low), academic performance (low), academic achievement beliefs (low), classroom and homework performance satisfaction (low), ever drinking alcohol (6 or more times), suicidality (ever thought about, planned for, or sought medical help after attempting suicide), gender (female), and age (15 years and older). (Abstract shortened by UMI.) ^

(Table 11-I, page 338) Metal contents (%) of a representative sampling of manganese nodules from the North Pacific high-grade region

Two types of deep-sea dredges are currently under development for the mining of the manganese nodules, a deep-sea hydraulic dredge and a mechanical cable-bucket system. Both systems offer some advantages with the hydraulic system appearing to be advantageous in themining of a specific deposit for which it is designed while the cable-bucket system appears to be somewhat more flexible in working in a variety of deposits, topographic environments, and water depths. Environmental studies conducted in conjunction with deep-sea tests of the two types of mining systems currently indicate that substantially no environmental damage will be done in the mining of the deep-sea nodules. Because of the nature of the deposits and the way in which they can be mined, the manganese nodules appear to be a relatively pollution free and energy-saving source of a number of industrially important metals.

¿Desarrollo local o enclave turístico? El caso paradigmático de Santa Ana, Misiones, Argentina. 16H298

a) Se ha relevando la oferta turística tradicional y nueva del municipio. b) Se han realizado encuestas a visitantes (encuesta personal y online) para analizar su opinión sobre el parque temático y propuestas de mejoras y cambios. c) Se hicieron encuestas a residentes de Santa Ana (encuesta personal) para analizar su opinión del parque temático y los posibles impactos positivos y negativos que el mismo podría producir en el municipio. d) Se han efectuado entrevistas a los funcionarios municipales y provinciales vinculados a la actividad turística del área en estudio. e) Se realizaron entrevistas a empresarios locales vinculados directa e indirectamente al turismo.

Desarrollo Ausente o Trunco... Historia del No Desarrollo de Santa Ana. 16H252

Este proyecto consiste en un análisis histórico económico de las condiciones y factores de desarrollo de Santa Ana (Misiones), en el lapso que media entre la creación trunca de la colonia correntina –muy poco antes de la fundación de la colonia nacional, en 1883-, y los primeros años de la provincialización. El punto de partida se fundamenta en que tanto la iniciativa correntina como la nacional tuvieron entre otros móviles el demostrar la potencialidad de una zona considerada “inmensamente rica”, para albergar y dar prosperidad a mucha gente. El fin del período se coloca cerca de 1960, porque es en este momento cuando la idea de “desarrollo”, que comenzó a plantearse a fines del S XIX, se formaliza ideológica y políticamente. En la joven provincia comienzan a sentirse los efectos del nuevo marco político institucional, la producción se va apartando del modo extractivo, y la infraestructura vial configura un orden geoeconómico muy diferenciado del que proporcionaba el río. Paralelamente los censos de población muestran que la proporción de habitantes rurales cede frente a la urbana. En este lapso, la segunda colonia nacional fue un polo de atracción para uno de los primeros grupos europeos en Misiones, y por un corto lapso un centro azucarero que apuntaba a dejar atrás a los del NOA, con ingenios de gran porte –entre ellos el del mismísimo primer gobernador del territorio; experimentó rebeliones de indígenas pampeanos reclutados forzadamente, realizó los primeros experimentos de cultivo de la yerba mate luego de la expulsión de los jesuitas, y tuvo uno de los puertos más importantes del territorio. Una investigación mayoritariamente exploratoria, se complementa con aproximaciones comparativas, particularmente en el análisis de la experiencia azucarera – que obliga a un manejo de los principales elementos de la cuenca tradicional-, y el desplazamiento de la producción yerbatera a la zona centro-sur. En este sentido el análisis histórico se integra con el geográfico y económico, de modo de obtener recursos metodológicos, como matrices demográficas, modelos de urbanización y utilización del espacio, estudios de costos y precios relativos, etc. Recíprocamente la reconstrucción de procesos en el tiempo, apunta a ponderar el peso de la acción individual y colectiva y la decisión política en situaciones contextuales específicas. Desde un concepto de desarrollo que enfoca un proceso de cambio social cuali-cuantitativo parcialmente dependiente de la acción privada y pública, podemos hablar entonces de la explicación histórica del subdesarrollo -o del no desarrollo-, o simplemente de la historia de la frustración, o del proceso asociado a ella.

¿Desarrollo local o enclave turístico? El caso paradigmático de Santa Ana, Misiones, Argentina. 16H298

Actividades desarrolladas durante el período: se han relevado y estudiado estadísticas sociales, económicas y turísticas del Municipio y su zona de influencia, desde los organismos oficiales de estadísticas (IPEC, INDEC, Programa Misiones Jesuíticas, Ministerio de Turismo de la Provincia de Misiones), además de analizar otros estudios inéditos de la Universidad vinculados al área de estudio. Además se relevaron las noticias vinculadas al tema de investigación en los diarios de circulación provincial; se realizó un relevamiento de la existencia y estado actual de la escasa oferta complementaria (alojamiento, alimentación, actividades conexas, servicio de agencias de turismo) del área de estudio;se han efectuado las primeras entrevistas a los funcionarios municipales y provinciales vinculados a la actividad económica y turística tradicional del área en estudio; se realizaron entrevistas a empresarios y responsables turísticos y productivos del área de estudio para conocer su opinión antes de la inauguración del parque temático y su posible impacto económico productivo y turístico en el municipio y zona de influencia, se efectuaron las primeras observaciones en el Parque Temático en relación a sus consideraciones ambientales y socio productivas, aspectos críticos y mejoras necesarias.

¿Desarrollo Ausente o Trunco? La Historia Contemporánea de Santa Ana (HICSA). 16H252

Actividades desarrolladas durante el período: análisis y re-elaboración de entrevistas realizadas en proyectos anteriores a referentes sectoriales y políticos de la localidad. Selección de nuevos referentes; recopilación de testimonios orales de nuevos referentes locales; redefinición de hipótesis; discusión de conclusiones parciales; recopilación y selección de estadísticas y encuestas sobre la economía y población santanera y misionera en el período bajo estudio; construcción de indicadores macroeconómicos e interrogantes emergentes; elaboración de correspondencias, observaciones iniciales e interrogantes; discusión y elaboración de conclusiones; elaboración de informe final.

Efecto del ANA, Carbaryl y BAP en raleo de manzanos

Para evaluar el efecto raleante de ANA, BAP y Carbaryl sobre los rendimientos y la calidad a cosecha en frutos de manzano cv. Royal Gala se los trató -en Luján de Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentina)- con pulverizaciones aplicadas a los 23 días después de plena floración de ANA (10 y 15 ppm); BAP (50 ppm); Carbaryl (1200 ppm) y las siguientes combinaciones de ANA 10 y 15 ppm y Carbaryl 1200 ppm. ANA 10 ppm afectó el número total de frutos retenidos a cosecha y, por lo tanto, los rendimientos totales. Carbaryl provocó caídas de frutos al principio pero, a cosecha, esa diferencia se perdió debido a las caídas de precosecha. El peso promedio y tamaño también aumentó con ANA 10 ppm. Igual efecto produjo sobre el contenido de sólidos solubles y color de pulpa. Cuando aumentó la dosis de ANA el efecto fue negativo. BAP no incidió en ninguno de los parámetros analizados. Bajo las condiciones de este ensayo el mejor efecto raleante se obtuvo con ANA 10 ppm, aplicados con un tamaño de fruto de 12 mm.

Camblong, Ana María. Ensayos macedonianos. Buenos Aires, Corregidor, 2006, 251 p.

Fil: Muñoz, Marisa Alejandra.

Lértora Mendoza, Celina Ana: Bibliografía filosófica argentina (1900-1975). Buenos Aires, FECIC, 1983, 359 p.

Fil: Yerga de Ysaguirre, M. C..

Adriana M. Arpini de Márquez - Ana Luisa Dufour de Ortega. Introducción a la problemática filosófica. Buenos Aires, Librería Editorial El Ateneo, 1984. (131 pgs.)

Fil: Albarracín, Delia.

Bianchi de Zizzias, Elia Ana y otros: Lógica. Un camino para aprender a pensar. Edición "Docencia", Centro de Investigación y Acción Educativa. 125 págs. Buenos Aires, 1986.

Fil: Pró, Diego F.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Filosofía Argentina y Americana