Asymptotic approach for the nonlinear equatorial long wave interactions

In the present work we use an asymptotic approach to obtain the long wave equations. The shallow water equation is put as a function of an external parameter that is a measure of both the spatial scales anisotropy and the fast to slow time ratio. The values given to the external parameters are consistent with those computed using typical values of the perturbations in tropical dynamics. Asymptotically, the model converge toward the long wave model. Thus, it is possible to go toward the long wave approximation through intermediate realizable states. With this approach, the resonant nonlinear wave interactions are studied. To simplify, the reduced dynamics of a single resonant triad is used for some selected equatorial trios. It was verified by both theoretical and numerical results that the nonlinear energy exchange period increases smoothly as we move toward the long wave approach. The magnitude of the energy exchanges is also modified, but in this case depends on the particular triad used and also on the initial energy partition among the triad components. Some implications of the results for the tropical dynamics are disccussed. In particular, we discuss the implications of the results for El Nĩo and the Madden-Julian in connection with other scales of time and spatial variability. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Interaction between wave and coastal structure: Validation of two lagrangian numerical models with experimental results marine 2011

Numerical modeling of the interaction among waves and coastal structures is a challenge due to the many nonlinear phenomena involved, such as, wave propagation, wave transformation with water depth, interaction among incident and reflected waves, run-up / run-down and wave overtopping. Numerical models based on Lagrangian formulation, like SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics), allow simulating complex free surface flows. The validation of these numerical models is essential, but comparing numerical results with experimental data is not an easy task. In the present paper, two SPH numerical models, SPHysics LNEC and SPH UNESP, are validated comparing the numerical results of waves interacting with a vertical breakwater, with data obtained in physical model tests made in one of the LNEC's flume. To achieve this validation, the experimental set-up is determined to be compatible with the Characteristics of the numerical models. Therefore, the flume dimensions are exactly the same for numerical and physical model and incident wave characteristics are identical, which allows determining the accuracy of the numerical models, particularly regarding two complex phenomena: wave-breaking and impact loads on the breakwater. It is shown that partial renormalization, i.e. renormalization applied only for particles near the structure, seems to be a promising compromise and an original method that allows simultaneously propagating waves, without diffusion, and modeling accurately the pressure field near the structure.

Geometrical wave equation and the cauchy-like theorem for octonions

Riemann surfaces, cohomology and homology groups, Cartan's spinors and triality, octonionic projective geometry, are all well supported by Complex Structures [1], [2], [3], [4]. Furthermore, in Theoretical Physics, mainly in General Relativity, Supersymmetry and Particle Physics, Complex Theory Plays a Key Role [5], [6], [7], [8]. In this context it is expected that generalizations of concepts and main results from the Classical Complex Theory, like conformal and quasiconformal mappings [9], [10] in both quaternionic and octonionic algebra, may be useful for other fields of research, as for graphical computing enviromment [11]. In this Note, following recent works by the autors [12], [13], the Cauchy Theorem will be extended for Octonions in an analogous way that it has recentely been made for quaternions [14]. Finally, will be given an octonionic treatment of the wave equation, which means a wave produced by a hyper-string with initial conditions similar to the one-dimensional case.

Two-wavelength whole-field interferometry setup for thermal lens study

In this paper we present a new approach for thermal lens analysis using a two-wavelength DSPI (Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry) setup for wavefront sensing. The employed geometry enables the sensor to detect wavefronts with small phase differences and inherent aberrations found in induced lenses. The wavefronts was reconstructed by four-stepping fringe evaluation and branch-cut unwrapping from fringes formed onto a diffusive glass. Real-time single-exposure contour interferograms could be obtained in order to get discernible and low-spacial frequency contour fringes and obtain low-noise measurements. In our experiments we studied the thermal lens effect in a 4% Er-doped CaO-Al2O3 glass sample. The diode lasers were tuned to have a contour interval of around 120 μm. The incident pump power was longitudinally and collinearly oriented with the probe beams. Each interferogram described a spherical-like wavefront. Using the ABCD matrix formalism we obtained the induced lens dioptric power from the thermal effect for different values of absorbed pump power. © 2012 Copyright SPIE.

Detection of buried pipes using a shear wave ground surface vibration technique

A major UK initiative, entitled 'Mapping the Underworld', is seeking to address the serious social, environmental and economic consequences arising from an inability to locate the buried utility service infrastructure without resorting to extensive excavations. Mapping the Underworld aims to develop and prove the efficacy of a multi-sensor device for accurate remote buried utility service detection, location and, where possible, identification. One of the technologies to be incorporated in the device is low-frequency vibro-acoustics, and the application of this technology for detecting buried infrastructure is currently being investigated. Here, a shear wave ground vibration technique for detecting buried pipes is described. For this technique, shear waves are generated at the ground surface, and the resulting ground surface vibrations measured, using geophones, along a line traversing the anticipated run of the pipe. Measurements were made at a test site with a single pressurized polyethylene mains water pipe. Time-extended signals were employed to generate the illuminating wave. Cross-correlation functions between the measured ground velocities and a reference measurement adjacent to the excitation were then calculated and summed using a stacking method to generate a cross-sectional image of the ground. The wide cross-correlation peaks caused by high ground attenuation were partially compensated for by using a generalized cross-correlation function called the smoothed coherence transform. To mitigate the effects of other potential sources of vibration in the vicinity, the excitation signal was used as an additional reference when calculating the generalized cross-correlation functions. For two out of three tests, the pipe was detected, indicating that this technique will be a valuable addition to the Mapping the Underworld armoury.

Ovarian response to porcine FSH in association with ablation-induced or spontaneous follicular wave development during the estrous cycle in crossbred and Brazilian Warmblood mares

The primary objective of this study was to examine the follicular and ovulatory responses following treatment with pFSH in association with ablation-induced or spontaneous follicular wave emergence or follicle deviation during diestrus in crossbred (Mangalarga × Arabian) and Brazilian Warmblood mares with a propensity for spontaneous multiple ovulations; secondary considerations were given to the collection of embryos In Experiment 1, crossbred mares were administered (im) saline (control, n= 7) or pFSH (25 mg) when the largest follicle of the ablation-induced follicular wave reached ≥13 mm (n= 7) or ≥20 mm (n= 7) or, after pre-treatment ovulation (Day 0) on Day 6 (n= 7) In Experiment 2, crossbred mares were administered (im) saline (control, n= 10) or a larger dose of pFSH (50 mg, n= 7) when the largest follicle of the ablation-induced follicular wave reached ≥13 mm In Experiment 3, Brazilian Warmblood mares were administered (im) saline (control, n= 7), pFSH (25 mg, n= 7 or 50 mg, n= 5) or EPE (12.5 mg, n= 7) as a positive control on Day 6 Ultrasonic technology was used to ablate all follicles ≥8 mm and to monitor follicular development and detect ovulation Treatment with pFSH or EPE was done twice daily until the largest follicle reached ≥32 mm; thereafter, hCG (2500 IU) was administered (iv) when the largest follicle reached ≥35 mm Artificial insemination was done 12 h after hCG and embryo collections were done 8 d after post-treatment ovulations In Experiments 1 and 2, treatment of crossbred mares with pFSH post-ablation in association with the expected time of wave emergence or follicle deviation did not (P> 0.05) enhance the follicular or ovulatory responses or collection of embryos compared to controls In Experiment 3, although the enhanced ovulatory response of mares to EPE at the expected time of spontaneous wave emergence was not different (P> 0.05) from controls, it was greater (P< 0.05) than the response to pFSH In conclusion, the novelty of using follicle ablation prior to pFSH treatment at the time of wave emergence or follicle deviation did not enhance the follicular or ovulatory responses or collection of embryos to treatment in crossbred mares In addition, the hypothesis that Brazilian Warmblood mares with a greater propensity for spontaneous multiple ovulations are as responsive to pFSH compared to EPE was not supported Thus, the combined experimental results of the present study continue to support the general consensus that pFSH is relatively ineffective for follicular superstimulation/superovulation in mares © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Recreational anglers and fishing guides from an estuarine protected area in southeastern Brazil: Socioeconomic characteristics and views on fisheries management

The Iguape and Cananéia Lagoon-Estuarine Complex is a biodiversity hotspot in southeastern Brazil. In recent decades, the region has become an important destination for recreational fishing. The objective of this study was to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics of visiting anglers and fishing guides working in the Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Environmental Protected Area and their views on fisheries management. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted between January 2009 and January 2010. We interviewed 278 anglers, who were predominantly male (93%) with a mean age of 47 years and from the state of São Paulo. The targeted species were snooks (Centropomus undecimales and Centropomus parallelus) and weakfishes (Cynoscion leiarchus and Cynoscion acoupa). Only half the anglers had the mandatory fishing license, and many of them lacked knowledge about catch quotas and minimum size requirements for specific species. The fishing guides (n = 80) were all male, with a mean age of 39 years and extensive experience. Most of the guides believe that the study area is somewhat degraded due to the removal of riparian vegetation, siltation, pollution, and especially the depletion of fish stocks. The opinions of the stakeholders (anglers and guides) converge on the high priority needs of the fishery and possible management actions regarding recreational fishing, such as improved fisheries enforcement (first in order of importance), proper training of fishing guides, zoning of fishing areas, and the definition of a maximum size limit. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

The calcium wave model of the perception-action cycle: Evidence from semantic relevance in memory experiments

We present a general model of brain function (the calcium wave model), distinguishing three processing modes in the perception-action cycle. The model provides an interpretation of the data from experiments on semantic memory conducted by the authors. © 2013 Pereira Jr, Santos and Barros.

Study of Brazilian commercial Oriented Strand Board panels using stress wave

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Deposition of Al2O3 by resistive evaporation and thermal oxidation of Al to be applied as a transparent FET insulating layer

Alumina thin films have been obtained by resistive evaporation of Al layer, followed by thermal oxidation by means of annealing in appropriate atmosphere (air or O2-rich), with variation of annealing time and temperature. Optical and structural properties of the investigated films reveal that the temperature of 550 °C is responsible for reasonable oxidation, which is accelerated up to 8 times for O2-rich atmosphere. Results of surface electrical resistivity and Raman spectroscopy are in good agreement with these findings. Surprisingly, X-ray and Raman data suggest also the crystallization of Si nuclei at glass substrate-alumina interface, which would come from the soda-lime glass used as substrate. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Investigação de propriedades de filmes finos de Al2O3 para aplicação em dispositivos eletrônicos

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Caribbean Community: common external trade regime: Annex I to the national trade operations and procedure guides

Includes bibliography

Lome Convention common external trade regime: Annex II to the national trade operations and procedure guides

Resume los aspectos principales del Convenio de Lome relacionados con el comercio entre la Comunidad Economica Europea y los paises de Africa, Caribe y Pacifico (ACP).

Eastern Caribbean common external trade regime: Annex III to the national trade operations and procedure guides

Contiene los acuerdos del Mercado Comun del Caribe Oriental sobre el regimen de importaciones y exportaciones, y politicas de desarrollo, monetarias y fiscal entre los paises miembros.

Caracterização térmica e mecânica de cerâmicas porosas com camadas de TiO2 e Al2O3

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)