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128 samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea were analyzed for grain size, clay minerals, biogenic opal content and quartz in order to reconstruct changes in East Asian monsoon climate since 8.5 Ma. An abrupt change of terrigenous mass accumulation rate (MAR), clay mineral assemblage, median grain size and biogenic opal MAR about 5.2 Ma suggests that between 8.5-5.2 Ma the source of terrigenous sediment was mainly in the region of surface uplift and basaltic volcanism in southern Vietnam. A simple model of East Asian summer monsoon evolution was based on the clay/feldspar ratio, kaolinite/chlorite ratio and biogenic opal MAR. The summer monsoon has two periods of maximum strength at 8.5-7.6 Ma and 7.1-6.2 Ma. Subsequently, there was a relatively stable period at 6.2-3.5 Ma, continued intensification about 3.5-2.5 Ma, and gradually weakening after 2.5 Ma. Since I Ma the monsoon has intensified, with remarkable high-frequency and amplitude variability. Simultaneous increase in sedimentation rates at ODP Sites 1143, 1146 and 1148, as well as in MAR of terrigenous materials, quartz, feldspar and clay minerals at ODP Site 1143 at 3.5-2.5 Ma, may be the erosional response to both global climatic deterioration and the strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon after about 3-4 Ma. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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变态过程是双壳贝类由幼虫向成体转变的一个必不缺少的发育阶段。研究双壳贝类幼虫的变态过程及其机理,对于阐明它们的种群数量变动,促进重要经济双壳贝类增养殖的发展有重要的理论和实践意义。本论文除了用化学物质对几种双壳贝类(海湾扇贝、墨西哥湾扇贝和硬壳蛤)幼虫的变态进行诱导外,主要以激素和神经递质的作用方式为基础,通过直接测定双壳贝类(以海湾扇贝为代表)幼虫体内激素和神经递质、第二信使cAMP等生化物质含量的变化来研究双壳贝类幼虫变态过程中的信息传递途径,从分子生物学和神经生物学角度阐明双壳贝类幼虫变态机理。主要结果如下:1.通过参考国内外大量文献的基础上,较为系统地评述了近二十年来海洋无脊椎动物幼虫附着变态研究的一些进展情况,主要包括诱导因子、附着变态机理模型、人工诱导物的应用和延迟变态四个方面。到目前为止,人们已经发现了许多海洋无脊椎动物幼虫附着变态的诱导物质,主要分为天然诱导物和人工诱导物两大类,一些人工诱导物如GABA、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素已经在经济贝类苗种生产中得到应用。幼虫附着变态机理模型主要有长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)幼虫附着变态的双调控模型、红鲍(Haliotis rufescens)幼虫附着变态的上行调节模型以及多毛类Phragmatopoma california幼虫附着变态的脂肪酸调控模型。本论文还评述了海洋无脊椎动物幼虫发生延迟变态的原因以及延迟变态对海洋无脊椎动物造成的影响,并提出了解决的方法和今后研究的重点问题。2.在室内用氯化乙酰胆碱、ATP和CaCl_2 3种化学物质对海湾扇贝幼虫的变态进行了诱导实验。结果表明,虽然在个别浓度和处理时间氯化乙酰胆碱和ATP有诱导作用,但总体诱导效果不显著。而10×10~(-3)~40×10~(-3M的CaCl_2在处理12~24h后诱导效果较显著,其诱导效果对处理时间的依赖性较显著,在浓度为40×10~(-3)M和处理时间为24h时诱导效果最好,与对照组相比,变态率提高23.18%。3种诱导物对幼虫死亡率均有显著影响,并且死亡率对浓度和处理时间均有显著的依赖性,浓度越高,处理时间越长,死亡率越高。3.用KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和氯化胆碱进行了墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians concentricus Say)幼虫变态的诱导作用实验。结果表明,KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和氯化胆碱对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫变态均有显著诱导作用。KCl在处理时间为12h~48h范围内均有诱导作用;13.42×10~(-3)M和20.13×10~(-3)M的KCl诱导效果较好,变态率平均提高10%以上。1.O×10~(-6)M~50×10~(-6)M的肾上腺素在处理时间为lh~12h较适宜,此时变态率均提高10%以上。1.0×10~(-6)M~50×10~(-6)M的去甲肾上腺素在处理时间为1h~24h都较适宜,变态率平均均提高10%以上,最高可提高31.07%。0.01×10~(-4)M~1.O×10~(-4)M的氯化胆碱在处理时间为12h~48h时诱导效果均较好,它们之间的平均变态提高率并没有显著差别,均在12%~13%之间。10×10~(-4)M的氯化胆碱在处理时间为12h时诱导效果较明显,变态率可以提高19.14%,超过12h,变态率明显下降,100×10~(-4)M的氯化胆碱明显产生毒害作用,幼虫变态率均为零,而幼虫的死亡率均为100%。4.用KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,Serotonin,5-HT)和GABA(γ-氨基丁酸)进行了不同浓度不同处理时间对硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria L.)幼虫变态诱导实验。结果表明,KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA和5-羟色胺对硬壳蛤幼虫的变态均有诱导作用,而GABA的诱导 作用不显著。KCl的最佳诱导浓度随处理时间不同而有所不同。当处理时间为1~24h时,KCl的最佳诱导浓度为33.56×10~(-3)M,此时幼虫变态率均提高24%以上,当处理时间为48h时,KCl的最佳诱导浓度为20.13~26.85×10~(-3)M,处理时间为72h时,最佳诱导浓度为13.42×10~(-3)M。肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的诱导作用与浓度和处理时间均有关。肾上腺素的最佳处理浓度为100×10~(-6)M,最佳处理时间均为8h,此时幼虫变态率提高最大,为36.97%。当去甲肾上腺素的诱导浓度为100×10~(-6)M,处理时间为8h~16h时,幼虫变态提高率较高,均大于18%,死亡提高率均低于30%,当去甲肾上腺索诱导浓度为500×10~(-6)M时,虽然在8h~16h的处理时间范围内,幼虫变态提高率也较高,均大于18%,但当处理时间超过8h,在16~48h范围内,幼 虫死亡提高率明显升高,均大于50%。L-DOPA的适宜诱导浓度为10×10~(-6)M~50×10~(-6)M,适宜处理时间为8~24h,此时幼虫变态率均提高30%以上,最高可提高79.43%。5-羟色胺的诱导作用较强,其适宜诱导浓度为100×10~(-6)M—1000×10~(-6)M,适宜处理时间为0.5~24h,此时幼虫变态率提高均在30%以上,当处理时间为8h时,最佳诱导浓度为1000×10~(-6)M,此时幼虫变态率提高57.5%,当处理时间为24h时,最佳诱导浓度为100×10~(-6)M,此时幼虫变态率提高69.29%。GABA的诱导作用较弱,最佳诱导浓度随处理时间的不同而有所不同。处理时间为24h和48h时,最佳诱导浓度为0.1×10~(-6)M;处理时间为0.5~16h时,最佳诱导浓度为100×10~(-6)M。5.KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺索、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺、GABA、茶碱和咖啡因8种诱导物对不同发育阶段海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导作用是不同的。13.42×10~(-3)M和20.13×10~(-3)M的KCl对第12天幼虫的变态有抑制作用,变态提高率为负值;之后当幼虫发育至第13和14天时,两浓度的KCl能够明显诱导幼虫变态,变态提高率均高于20%,而对于第16天的幼虫诱导作用有所减弱,变态提高率有所降低;26.85×10~(-3)M的KCl对第12和13天幼虫的变态均有抑制作用,变态提高率为负值,对第14和16天幼虫的变态却有明显的持续的诱导作用,变态提高率分别为22.98%和37.5%。神经递质肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺和GABA的诱导作用规律基本相似,即对第13天海湾扇贝幼虫的变态有明显的抑制作用,变态提高率均为负值,而对第14天幼虫的诱导作用较显著。茶碱和咖啡因作为影响细胞内cAMP的物质,它们的诱导作用规律与神经递质有所不同。它们对第13天海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导效果最好。6.测定了不同发育阶段及人工诱导后海湾扇贝幼虫体内去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺含量的变化规律。结果表明,海湾扇贝幼虫体内去甲肾上腺索含量在变态前和变态后没有明显变化,变态前为2352(pg/mg湿重),变态后为2770(pg/mg湿重)。多巴胺和5-羟色胺含量在变态前随幼虫的发育而增加,变态前(第13天)急剧增加,第13天的幼虫比第12天的幼虫分别增加了2.8倍和5.7倍,变态后急剧下降,变态后幼苗比第13天的幼虫分别降低了25.1倍和16.4倍。海湾扇贝幼虫体内DA:NE比和5-HT:NE比在变态前和变态后变化比较剧烈。DA:NE比和5-HT:NE比在变态前(第13天)急剧增加,第13天的幼虫比第12天的幼虫增加了3.O倍(DA:NE比)和5.0倍(5-HT:NE比);变态后急剧降低,变态后幼苗比第13天的幼虫降低了29.8倍(DA:NE比)和19.5倍(5-HT:NE比)。海湾扇贝幼虫经KCl和氯化钙诱导24h后,体内去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺以及DA:NE比和5-HT:NE比均有所降低。本实验的结果表明,多巴胺和5-羟色胺可能启动了海湾扇贝幼虫的变态过程。7.茶碱和咖啡因对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫的变态均有明显诱导作用。它们的诱导作用均对浓度的依赖性较强,对处理时间的依赖性较弱。10×10~(-4)M的茶碱诱导效果最好,平均变态提高率达33%,其次为1.0×10~(-4)M和100×10~(-4)M的茶碱,平均变态提高率分别为23.15%和21.97%。处理时间对茶碱诱导效果影响不显著,在1~24h范围内,平均变态提高率在19.07~26.1%之间变动。10×10~(-4)M的咖啡因诱导效果最佳,4个处理时间的平均变态提高率为36.01%,其次为100×10~(-4)M,平均变态提高率为26.43%。处理时间对茶碱的诱导效果影响不大,在1~24h范围内,平均变态提高率在19.65~22.02%之间变动。8.采用直接测定cAMP的方法来研究cAMP是否参与了海湾扇贝幼虫的变态过程。结果表明,cAMP参与了海湾扇贝幼虫的变态过程。海湾扇贝幼虫体内cAMP含量随着发育阶段的不同而有所变化。在D形幼虫期最低,为73 pmol/(mg蛋白质);当到达壳顶期幼虫时cAMP含量明显增加,比D形幼虫期提高了12.7倍。从壳顶期幼虫到眼点幼虫(100%,第13天)cAMP含量增加速度较慢,各发育阶段分别比前一发育阶段增加了0.4倍、0.3倍和0.2倍。但当幼虫变态后,体内cAMP含量又急剧增加,幼苗体内cAMP含量比眼点幼虫(100%,第13天)增加了6.1倍。当用KCl、肾上腺索和L-DOPA诱导后,幼虫体内cAMP含量明显增加,分别比对照组提高了7.8倍、1.5倍和10.7倍,说明cAMP参与了这3种诱导物诱导海湾扇贝幼虫变态的过程。9.在前面实验结果和参考有关文献的基础上,初步提出了以海湾扇贝为代表的双壳贝类幼虫变态机理模型:幼虫变态分为两个过程:启动过程和后续过程。当幼虫发育到一定阶段,在外界刺激因子的作用下,体内分泌多巴胺和5-羟色胺,多巴胺和5-羟色胺通过某种信号转导途径(如以DG和IP_3为第二信使)启动变态过程,变态过程启动后,又激活以cAMP为第二信使的信号转导途径(暂时称为后续过程),两者共同完成了幼虫的变态过程。

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本文对真鲷心跳期胚胎对5种常用渗透性抗冻剂(DMSO、甘油、甲醇、丙二醇、乙二醇)和3种非渗透性抗冻剂(PVP、PEG-8000、蔗糖)的耐受性进行了研究。渗透性抗冻剂分6个浓度梯度(5%;10%;15%;20%;25%;30%)和3个时间组(10min;30min;1h)。非渗透性抗冻剂中,PVP、PEG-8000分3个浓度梯度(5%、10%、15%)和2个时间组(10min、30min),蔗糖为4个浓度梯度(5%、10%、15%、20%)和2个时间组(10min、30min)。实验结果表明,在渗透性抗冻剂组中,浓度为5%的处理组的孵化率(>90%)与对照组差异均不显著,随着抗冻剂浓度增大及处理时间的延长,真鲷心跳期胚胎的孵化率显著下降(P<0.05),在最高浓度的最长处理时间中胚胎孵化率均降到了0。总体上,真鲷心跳期胚胎对五种渗透性抗冻剂的耐受性从小到大依次为:甲醇 < 甘油 < 乙二醇 < DMSO < 丙二醇。对影响胚胎孵化率的三个因素(抗冻剂、浓度、时间)进行的因素效应分析结果表明,三种因素对孵化率的影响显著(P<0.05),并且浓度效应 > 时间效应 > 抗冻剂效应。在非渗透性抗冻剂组中,蔗糖组胚胎孵化率未呈显著变化;PVP组随着浓度及时间的增大,孵化率显著下降(P<0.05);PEG-8000组随着浓度增大孵化率显著下降(P<0.05),但在两个时间组间差异不显著。相同处理情况下PEG-8000对真鲷心跳期胚胎的毒性要小于PVP。因素效应分析比较结果表明仅时间效应不显著,且抗冻剂效应 > 浓度效应 > 时间效应。 对所用各种抗冻剂进行了渗透压测量,实验中使用的渗透性抗冻剂(5%-30%)的渗透压值在959-7980mOsm/kg之间,均高于使用海水的渗透压值(919mOsm/kg);使用的非渗透性抗冻剂的渗透压值在316-1040mOsm/kg之间,除20%蔗糖渗透压值(1040mOsm/kg)高于海水外,其他非渗透性抗冻剂的渗透压值均要低于海水。对孵化率与相应的溶液渗透压值进行相关回归分析结果表明,渗透性抗冻剂的渗透压与孵化率呈显著的负相关(P<0.05),而非渗透性抗冻剂的渗透压与孵化率相关不显著。渗透性抗冻剂组的回归分析结果表明,二次方程的曲线拟合度最高,得到的回归方程分别为:Y10min = -2×10-8X2 10min - 6×10-5 X 10min + 1.5635 (R2 = 0.713),Y30min= 5×10-8X2 30min-0.0007 X 30min + 2.097(R2 = 0.681),Y1h = 7×10-8X2 1h-0.0008 X 1h+ 2.0397(R2= 0.725)。 在真鲷胚胎对抗冻剂耐受性实验的基础上,挑选五种抗冻剂--10%DMSO、5%甘油、10%甲醇、20%丙二醇、10%乙二醇,浸泡真鲷心跳期胚胎30min后,分别以超速(130℃/min)、快速(20℃/min)、慢速(3℃/min)的速度降温并使用低温显微镜进行观察,依次记录Toif(油球结冰)、Teif(胚胎外部结冰)、Tiif(胚胎内部结冰)等结冰点,Toif值在-9~-23℃之间;Teif值在-21~-35℃之间;Tiif值在-21~-52℃之间。结冰顺序为先油球结冰,然后胚胎外部结冰随之内部马上瞬间变黑形成内部冰晶。随着降温速度的提高,各结冰温度值显著下降。各抗冻剂之间的Teif及Tiif值不同,Toif值之间没有显著差异。对两种玻璃化冷冻方法进行模拟观察,发现胚胎冰晶形成的顺序与非玻璃化过程不同--先内部结冰然后逐渐蔓延至外部形成外部冰晶,而且模拟玻璃化的内部结冰温度Tiif值(-52.56℃)显著(P<0.05)低于使用低浓度的同种抗冻剂超速降温组的Tiif值(-40.11℃)。在快速及慢速降温组中,20%丙二醇组的Tiif要显著的低于其他组(P<0.05);在超速降温中,甲醇组的Tiif值要显著的低于其他组(P<0.05)。在Tiif小于30℃的实验组中获得形态完整胚胎的比例平均仅有30.77%;在Tiif大于30℃的实验组中获得形态完整胚胎的平均比例高达70.37%,模拟玻璃化组达到100%。各抗冻剂之间,复温后胚胎形态完整率10%甲醇组最高(77.78%);其次依次为10%乙二醇(66.67%)、20%丙二醇(55.56%)和10%DMSO(55.56%);5%甘油组最低(11.11%);推测甲醇的对胚胎的渗透效果要好于其他组。综上推测:使用丙二醇、甲醇作为抗冻剂以及玻璃化冷冻保存方法对真鲷心跳期胚胎超低温保存也许较为合适。 我们对低温保存的真鲷精子核DNA损伤进行了研究以期为下一步胚胎遗传物质稳定性研究提供参考依据。研究方法为单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE),针对研究对象,在实验过程中对传统的碱性单细胞凝胶电泳在铺胶方法、电泳条件等进行了改进。对精子细胞进行预处理,在碱性电泳液中使核DNA双链解链变性后电泳,EB染色lOmin后,在荧光显微镜下观察,每次随机观察50个左右的核DNA。结果表明,对荧光显微镜下观察到的精子核按彗尾长度及荧光强度划分等级,出现损伤的精子核DNA的损伤程度主要为轻度损伤和中度损伤,很少见有完全损伤的真鲷精子核。经5%、10%、18%、20%、25%、30%DMSO冷冻保存后的精子彗星率分别为33.47% ± 8.95%; 35.91% ± 19.44%; 48.95% ± 8.90%; 43.33% ± 11.19%; 55.80% ± 38.94%。鲜精彗星率为31.43 % ± 2.68%。对比真鲷冷冻精液与新鲜精液的精子DNA的损伤状况,表明仅用30% DMSO冷冻精子DNA损伤状况与鲜精差异显著(P<0.05)。 综上所述,渗透性抗冻剂对胚胎的毒性与其渗透压值呈显著的负相关关系。丙二醇对真鲷心跳期胚胎毒性最小,甲醇较其他抗冻剂能更好的渗透入胚胎;玻璃化方法能显著降低Tiif值并能更好的保持超低温保存后胚胎的形态完整性,因此,使用丙二醇、甲醇作为抗冻剂以及玻璃化冷冻保存方法对真鲷心跳期胚胎超低温保存也许较为合适。常规使用的用于超低温保存真鲷精子的DMSO(浓度<15%)不会对精子核物质稳定性造成明显影响。由于胚胎较精子结构要复杂许多,对于真鲷胚胎损伤机理的研究还有大量工作可以开展。

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C16H15Br2O7.5, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2 (no. 18), a = 18.483(2) angstrom, b = 9.413(1) angstrom, c = 10.072(1) angstrom, V = 1752.3 angstrom(3), Z = 4, R-gt(F) = 0.083, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.202, T= 293 K.

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A new lead(II) phosphonate, Pb[(PO3)(2)C(OH)CH3]center dot H2O (1) was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, UV, TGA, SEM, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray crystallographic study showed that complex 1 has a two-dimensional double layered hybrid structure containing interconnected 4- and 12-membered rings and shows an unusual (5,5)-connected (4(7) . 6(3)) (4(8) .6(2)) topology. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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依据涡度相关系统连续观测的2005年CO_2通量数据,对青藏高原东北隅的高寒湿地生态系统源/汇功能及其部分环境影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,高寒湿地生态系统为明显的碳源,在植物生长季(5-9月份)吸收230.16 gCO_2•m~(-2),非生长季(1-4月份及10-12月份)释放546.18 gCO_2•m~(-2),其中净排放最高在5月份,为181.49 gCO_2•m~(-2),净吸收最高在8月份,为189.69 g CO_2•m~(-2),年释放量为316.02 gCO_2•m~(-2)。在平均日变化中,最大吸收值出现在7月份12:00,为(0.45±0.0012)mgCO_2•m~(-2)•s~(-1),最大排放速率出现在8月份0:00,为(0.22±0.0090)mgCO_2•m~(-2)•s~(-1)。生长季中6-9月份表现为明显的单峰型日变化,非生长季的变化幅度较小。净生态系统交换量(NEE)和生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)与气温、空气水气饱和亏和地表反射率等环境因素呈现相似的相关性,与地上生物量和群落叶面积指数则为线性负相关,生态系统呼吸(Res)则与上述因子的相关性呈现相反的趋势。

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利用2004年微气象观测资料,分析了海北高寒湿地长、短波辐射以及地表反射率(A)和光合有效辐射(PAR)占太阳总辐射(DR)比例(η)的变化特征。结果表明,海北高寒湿地长、短波辐射均具有明显的季节变化。DR在12月最低,4月最高。PAR在12月最低,7月最高。受下垫面性质影响,反射辐射(UR)和A在1~2月明显大于其他季节,7~10月小,A在植物生长季节的5~9月平均值为0.172,年平均值为0.299。地面长波辐射(DLR)、大气逆辐射(ULR)和净辐射(Rn)的最低值均出现在1月,最大值出现时期则不同,DLR与Rn均出现在6月,而ULR出现在8月。地面有效辐射(ELR)无明显的季节变化。叩的季节变化比较弱,7月最高值为0.434,1月最低值为0.316,年平均值为0.40。

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本文报道了我国西部高山上的8种龙胆属植物的染色体数目。其中宽街龙胆(Gentianaampla)的染色体数目为Zn=48,提钟龙胆(G.stipitataSubsp.timensis)的染色体数目为2n=26)小齿龙胆(G.microdonta)和四数龙胆(G.lineolata)的染色体数目为2n=24,南山龙胆(G.grumil)的染色体数目为2n=18,上述5种植物的染色体数目为首次报道。其余蓝玉簪龙胆(G.veitchiorum)的染色体数目为2n=24,线叶龙胆(G.lawrenci Burk.var.farrei)的染色体数目为2n=48,钻叶龙胆的染色体数目为2n=18。

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8位单片机仍是当前应用的主流辽宁省单片微机学会理事长 中科院沈阳自动化研究所马喜顺 在半世纪之交,基于半导体集成技术的突飞猛进的发展,各种类型的单片机正日新月异地涌向市场,为单片机技术的应用人员提供了极大的方便。1975年美国德州仪器(TI)公司推出…。

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The exploration in recent years shows that the Yanchang Formation in the southwest of Ordos Basin is of great resource potential and good exploration and exploitation prospect. In the thesis ,sedimentary source analysis,sedimentary system,sedimentary microfacies,sandstones distribution and reservoir characteristic are studied and favorable oil area are forecasted in Chang6-Chang8 of Yanchang formation in HuanXian region, by mainly study on the data of field section observation ,core observation, well logging explaination and routine microscope slice identification,scanning Electron Microscope and reservoir analysis of lithology and physical property , Under the guidance of such advanced theories and methods as sedimentology,reservoir sedimentology,lithological oil pool and so on. The stratum of Chang6-Chang8 of Yanchang formation could be divided into pieces of member following the principles that firstly contrasting the big segments, then contrasting the small segments, being controlled by cycle and consulting the thickness etc.And the characteristic of stratum are detailed discussed , respectively. Based on the source direction of the central basin, heavy and light minerals are used to analyse source direction of Chang6 and Chang8 member, in HuanXian area. Research result shows that the source of Chang6 and Chang8 member is mixed provenance,including west-south,west and east-north. By the study of rock types、 sedimentary conformation、lithology and electromotive curve combination and palaeo-biology,lake、delta and braided delta mianly developed in study area are recognized, Subaqueous distributary channels in delta front and in braided delta front, and sand body in deep-lake turbidite, are the main reservoir.forthermore,the characteristic of depositional system and sandy body in space are discussed. Applied with routine microscope slice identification, Scanning Electron Microscope, reservoir lithology and physical property analysis and other analytic machinery, Feldspar-lithic fine-sandstone and feldspar fine-sandstone are mainly sandstone of Y Chang6-Chang8 in Huanxian area, small pore and tiny pore are the main pore types, tiny throat type and micro-fine throat type are widely developed , secondary dissolution porosity, intercrystal porosity, tiny pore and micro-crack are main pore types.Intergranular porosity and dissolution porosity secondary is the main pore secondary. The dominant diagenesis types in the area are compaction, cementation, replacement and dissolution. Chlorite films cementation facies, carbonate cementation facies ,mud cementation compaction facie, compaction 、pressure solution facies are the main diagenetic facies,in which Chlorite films cementation facies is the best diagenetic facies in study area. Reservoir influence factor analysis ,rock types are the main factor forming this low-pore and low-permeability of Chang6-Chang8 member in study area,and relatively higher permeability area are cortrolled by sedimentary facies distribution, diagenesis improved reservoir physical property. According to the distributing of sedimentary micro-facies and sandy body , and the test oil, favorable region in Chang6-Chang8 are forecasted.

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Migration carriers act as the “Bridges” connecting source rock and traps and play important roles in petroleum migration and accumulation system. Among various types of carriers, sandstone carrier constitutes the basis of carrier system consisting of connected sandstone bodies, of sand-bodies connected with other carriers, such as faults and/or unconformities. How do we understand sandstone carrier beyond the traditional reservoirs concept? How could we characterize quantitatively this kind of carriers for petroleum migration? Such subjects are important and difficult contents in dynamic studies on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Sandstone carrier of Chang 8 member in Longdong area of Ordos Basin is selected as the research target in this thesis. Through conducting integrated reservoir analysis on many single wells, the correlation between single sandstone thickness and oil thickness seems good. Sketch sandstone is defined in this thesis as the principal part of carrier based on systematical analysis on lithology and sandstone thickness. Geometry connectivity of sandstone bodies was identified by the spatial superposition among them and was proved by the oil property features in oilfields. The connectivity between sandstone carriers is also hydrodynamically studied by observing and analyzed various diagenetic phenomena, especially the authigenic minerals and their forming sequence. The results were used to characterize transporting capability of sandstone carriers during the key petroleum migration periods. It was found that compaction and cementation are main causes to reduce pore space, and resolution may but not so importantly increases pore space after the occurrence of first migration. The cements of ferrocalcite and kiesel seem like the efficient index to demonstrate the hydraulic connection among sandy bodies. Diagenetic sequence and its relationship with petroleum migration phases are analyzed. Sandstone carrier of Chang 8 member was then characterized by studying their pore space and permeable properties. The results show an average porosity and permeability of Chang 8 carriers are respectively 8% and 0.50md, belongs to low porosity - low permeability reservoirs. Further, the physical properties of Chang 81 member are commonly better than those of Chang 82 member. Methods to reconstruct property of sandstone carrier during petroleum migration phase (late Jurassic) are built based on diagenetic sequence. Planal porosity, porosity and permeability of sandstone carrier in this period are statistically analyzed. One combining index - product of thickness and ancient porosity - is selected as the idea parameter to characterize sandstone carrier of late Jurassic after contrast with other parameters. Reservoirs of Chang 8 member in Longdong area are lithological reservoir controlled by sand body in which oil layers in middle part are clamped with dry layers in upper and lower parts, in a sandwich way. Based a newly proposed “migration-diagensis-remigration” model in low permeability sandstone of Chang 8 member in Longdong area, oil migration and accumulation processes during different periods are simulated with the reconstructed sandstone carriers system. Results match well with current reservoir distributions. Finally, suggestions for next favorable exploration areas are given based on all research achievements.