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作为未来新型光电子器件的有源区材料,采用能带工程形成的各种半导体量子点,以其所具有的许多独特光电特性而日益显示出潜在的重要应用。着重评述了量子点激光器、量子点红外光探测器和量子点单光子发射器件在近3至5年内取得的最新进展,并对存在的问题进行了分析和讨论。最后,提出了进一步改善器件性能的几种可能途径。

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Cubic GaN(c-GaN) films are grown on GaAs(001) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Two GaN samples were grown with different buffer layer, the deposition time of each was 1 and 3 min, respectively. 4-circle X-ray double crystal diffraction (XRDCD) was used to study the secondary crystallographic phases presented in the c-GaN films. The phase composition of the epilayers was determined by X-ray reciprocal space mapping. The intensities of the c-GaN(002) and h-GaN(10 (1) over bar 1) planes detected in the mapping were investigated by omega scans. The content of the hexagonal phase inclusions in the c-GaN films was calculated to about 1.6 and 7.9%, respectively. The thicker buffer layer is not preferable for growing high quality pure c-GaN films. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

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提出了一种GPU加速的实时基于图像的绘制算法.该算法利用极坐标系生成对物体全方位均匀采样的球面深度图像;然后根据推导的两个预变换公式将单幅球面深度图像预变换到物体包围球的一个与视点相关的切平面上,以生成中间图像;再利用纹理映射生成最终目标图像.利用现代图形硬件的可编程性和并行性,将预变换移植到Vertex Shader来加快绘制速度;利用硬件的光栅化功能来完成图像的插值,以得到连续无洞的结果图像.此外,还在Pixel Shader上进行逐像素的光照以及环境映射的计算,生成高质量的光照效果.最终,文章解决了算法的视点受限问题,并设计了一种动态LOD(Level of Details)算法,实现了一个实时漫游系统,保持了物体间正确的遮挡关系.

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在地处下辽河平原的中国科学院沈阳生态实验站潮棕壤上布置施N量分别为180、240和300kg·hm~(-2),施P量分别为70、100和130kg·hm~(-2)的稻田田间试验。应用通气密闭室法和陶土渗滤管法,测定了稻田生态系统三个不同施肥期施用氮肥后的NH3挥发损失和N淋溶,结果表明:1.水稻生长季节施用氮肥后有明显NH3挥发,总挥发量为11.64kgN·hm~(-2)-34.01kgN·hm~(-2),占施N量的4.66%-11.66%,主要发生在施用分孽肥后,每次NH3挥发高峰出现在施氮肥后的2-4d内。2.水分渗漏对NH3挥发损失有重要影响。田面积水条件下,NH3挥发损失量及其占施N量的比率都较大,不同施N处理间差异显著(P<0.05),NH3挥发量随施N量增加而增加;田面不积水条件下,NH3挥发损失挥发量相对较小。3.氮肥用量、田面水NH4斗一浓度和田面水pH是影响NH3挥发重要因素;180kgN·hm~(-2)条件下,积水时不同P处理间NH3挥发差异不显著。4.水稻生长季节各次施用氮肥后,60cm和gocm深处渗漏液中NH4+-N含量都小于2mg·L~(-1),各施氮肥处理与对照间差异不显著。但NO3-淋溶比较显著,多集中在3mgN·ul-15mgN·L~(-1)之间。NO3-的淋溶随施N量增加而增加。水分渗漏状况影响N03一在不同土层深度的累积,渗水越快NO3-淋溶深度越大。渗水快或者施N量高时NO3,淋溶浓度高于国际饮用水卫生标准10mgN·L~(-1),已有污染浅层地下水的可能。5.施用基肥后灌水,NH_4~+、NO_3~-立即出现淋溶高峰,而两次追施氮肥的淋溶高峰出现在施肥后10d或更久;并且基肥时期的淋溶浓度也比较高。

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