Taking Chances on Integrity: An Investigation of the Iowa Lottery

The Iowa Lottery has failed to adequately protect its customers from fraud and theft by retailers. That is the key conclusion of the Iowa Citizens’ Aide/Ombudsman in a critical report released today. The 210-page report, which makes 60 recommendations to the Lottery, is the culmination of a year-and-a-half-long investigation into how the Lottery polices and prevents retailer fraud and theft. In general, the Ombudsman found that the Lottery has maintained a weak, reactive enforcement system that fails to detect retailer dishonesty independently of customer complaints. This means that there likely have been instances of fraud – possibly largescale fraud – that have gone undetected. The Ombudsman’s examination marks the first time the Iowa Lottery’s investigative files have been audited by an outside authority. It also appears to be the first full-scale investigation of its kind in the United States.

Junassa Chicagosta lähdettyä Kansas Cityn länsipuolella 17/7 1932

Kirje 17.7.1932

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist can improve arterial oxygenation

INTRODUCTION. Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) [1] is a new spontaneousassisted ventilatory mode which uses the diaphragmatic electrical activity (Eadi) to pilot the ventilator. Eadi is used to initiate the ventilator's pressurization and cycling off. Delivered inspiratory assistance is proportional to Eadi. NAVA can improve patient-ventilator synchrony [2] compared to pressure support (PS), but little is known about its effect on minute ventilation and oxygenation. OBJECTIVES. To compare the effects of NAVA and PS on minute ventilation and oxygenation and to analyze potential determinant factors for oxygenation. METHODS. Comparison between two 20-min periods under NAVA and PS. NAVA gain (proportionality factor between Eadi and delivered pressure) set as to obtain the same peak pressure as in PS. FIO2 and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were the same in NAVA and PS. Blood gas analyses were performed at the end of both recording periods. Statistical analysis: groups were compared with paired t tests or non parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. p\0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS. [Mean ± SD]: 22 patients (age 66 ± 12 year, 7 M/15F, BMI 23.4 ± 3.1 kg/m2), 8 patients with COPD. Initial settings: PS 13 ± 3 cmH2O, PEEP 7 ± 2 cmH2O, NAVA gain 2.2 ± 1.8. Minute ventilation and PaCO2 were the same with both modes (p = 0.296 and 0.848, respectively). Tidal volume was lower with NAVA (427 ± 102 vs. 477 ± 102 ml, p\0.001). In contrast respiratory rate was higher with NAVA (25.6 ± 9.5 vs. 22.3 ± 8.9 cycles/min). Arterial oxygenation was improved with NAVA (PaO2 85.1 ± 28.9 vs. 75.8 ± 11.9 mmHg, p = 0.017, PaO2/FIO2 210 ± 53 vs. 195 ± 58 mmHg, p = 0.019). Neural inspiratory time (Tin) was comparable between NAVA and PS (p = 0.566). Among potential determinant factors for oxygenation, mean airway pressure (Pmean) was lower with NAVA (10.6 ± 2.6 vs. 11.1 ± 2.4 cmH2O, p = 0.006), as was the pressure time product (PTP) (6.8 ± 3.0 vs. 9.2 ± 3.5 cmH2O 9 s, p = 0.004). There were less asynchrony events with NAVA (2.3 ± 2.0 vs. 4.4 ± 3.8, p = 0.009).Tidal volume variability was higher with NAVA (variation coefficient: 30 ± 19.5 vs. 13.5 ± 8.6, p\0.001). Inspiratory time in excess (Tiex) was lower with NAVA (56 ± 23 vs. 202 ± 200 ms, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION. Despite lower Pmean and PTP in NAVA, arterial oxygenation was improved compared to PS. As asynchronies may be associated with an increased work of breathing and a higher oxygen consumption, their decrease in number with NAVA could be an explanation for oxygenation improvement. Another explanation could be the increase in VT variability. Further studies should now be performed to confirm the potential of NAVA in improving arterial oxygenation and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Les damnés de Java. Tome 2 / par Méry...

Collection : Collection Hetzel

Les damnés de Java. Tome 1 / par Méry...

Collection : Collection Hetzel

Les damnés de Java. Tome 3 / par Méry...

Collection : Collection Hetzel

Faktori Liisa Miettinen 1974

Kirje

[Los Angeles] heinäkuun 21 päivänä 1932

Kirje 21.7.1932

Eficiência agronômica de fertilizantes fosfatados fluidos e sólidos

Um experimento para avaliar a eficiência agronômica de fertilizantes fosfatados fluidos e sólidos foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação no Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura - CENA/USP, em Piracicaba (SP), de junho a outubro de 1992. Plantas de milho foram cultivadas durante 30 dias, por três cultivos sucessivos, em vasos contendo 1 kg de dois latossolos vermelho-amarelos com diferentes capacidades de retenção de fósforo. Os fosfatos na forma fluida - ácido fosfórico e suspensão coloidal 10-30-00 e sólida - fosfato monoamônico e superfosfato triplo foram aplicados no primeiro cultivo nas doses 0, 70, 140 e 210 mg kg-1 de P2O5 (0, 30,6, 61,2 e 91,8 mg kg-1 de P). Avaliaram-se os tratamentos pelo rendimento de matéria seca, pela absorção de fósforo e pelos índices: de eficiência agronômica (IEA) e equivalente em superfosfato triplo (EqST). Os resultados indicaram não haver diferenças entre as fontes fosfatadas fluidas e sólidas quanto ao seu efeito sobre a produção de matéria seca e absorção de fósforo pelas plantas de milho. Entretanto, a aplicação de doses crescentes dos fosfatos aos solos promoveu aumentos significativos no rendimento de matéria seca e absorção de fósforo. Em ambos os solos, a eficiência agronômica dos fertilizantes fosfatados fluidos e sólidos foi semelhante.

Potencial de mineralização do nitrogênio em solos do Rio Grande do Sul

Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de mineralização de nitrogênio (No) de alguns solos do Rio Grande do Sul e sua relação com a absorção de N por plantas, desenvolveu-se um estudo em casa de vegetação, a céu aberto e em laboratório, no segundo semestre de 1993. Utilizando dez amostras de solos, coletadas a uma profundidade de 0-20 cm e acondicionadas em vasos com 20 kg de solo, cultivou-se milho por um período de 45 dias. Para os mesmos solos, o potencial de mineralização foi obtido, por meio do N mineralizado num experimento de incubação aeróbia, em laboratório, num período de 32 semanas. Os valores de No para os dez solos variaram de 108,6 a 210,8 mg kg-1 e foram, aproximadamente, os mesmos dos totais de N mineralizado. A constante de mineralização variou entre os solos de 0,2985 a 0,3181 semana-1, e a velocidade de mineralização foi maior no período inicial compreendido até a 4ª semana de incubação. O coeficiente de correlação entre a absorção de N por plantas de milho e o potencial de mineralização de N foi significativo (r = 0,887), concluindo-se que este último pode ser utilizado como índice de disponibilidade de N no solo para as plantas.

Minimum requirements for application of ink dating methods based on solvent analysis in casework

Several ink dating methods based on solvents analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were proposed in the last decades. These methods follow the drying of solvents from ballpoint pen inks on paper and seem very promising. However, several questions arose over the last few years among questioned documents examiners regarding the transparency and reproducibility of the proposed techniques. These questions should be carefully studied for accurate and ethical application of this methodology in casework. Inspired by a real investigation involving ink dating, the present paper discusses this particular issue throughout four main topics: aging processes, dating methods, validation procedures and data interpretation. This work presents a wide picture of the ink dating field, warns about potential shortcomings and also proposes some solutions to avoid reporting errors in court.