La colaboración cinematográfica hispano-portuguesa (1943-1949)

El periodo comprendido entre 1943 y 1949 constituye una etapa privilegiada y peculiar en las relaciones ibéricas que influye significativamente en el ámbito cinematográfico. En unos años en los que el cine es la principal herramienta de propaganda, España y Portugal, naciones afines política e ideológicamente, cooperan con unos objetivos comunes marcados por las dificultades económicas de ambos y por su neutralidad en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Dos industrias cinematográficas en fase de desarrollo coproducen once títulos durante el citado espacio temporal, a los que nos aproximamos desde las perspectivas de la producción y la distribución, relacionándolas con el entorno en el que tienen lugar. A través del trabajo de campo, en el que principalmente consultamos fondos del Archivo General de la Administración de Alcalá de Henares, del Arquivo Nacional Torre do Tombo de Lisboa, de la Filmoteca Española y de la Cinemateca Portuguesa, realizamos una revisión histórico-descriptiva de las películas objeto de estudio con el fin de constatar el auge de la colaboración en el espacio ibérico y señalar las causas que lo provocan. Mediante el estudio cronológico de estas once películas, identificamos sus características comunes y más significativas, situándolas dentro de los contextos cinematográfico, social, político y económico de cada país, estableciendo relaciones entre ellos. Además, complementamos los datos recabados mediante una revisión crítica de las aportaciones teóricas vertidas sobre la materia. Nuestra investigación supone una contribución a la historia de la cinematografía en la que, además de aportar y analizar datos técnicos, artísticos y políticos, establecemos las bases de la coproducción cinematográfica hispano-portuguesa en nuestros días. La colaboración ibérica durante los siete años estudiados supone un periodo aislado en la historia cinematográfica conjunta, que no tiene continuidad en el tiempo, lo que imposibilita la consolidación del espacio audiovisual peninsular creado...

La Segunda Guerra Mundial en el NO-DO (1943-1945)

El presente trabajo pretende contribuir al conocimiento de la cobertura y tratamiento informativo que el Noticiario Cinematográfico Español de NO-DO dio a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el acontecimiento histórico durante el cual fue creado el noticiario oficial, encargado de vehicular la propaganda audiovisual del gobierno franquista, durante unos años que fueron clave para el afianzamiento interior y exterior del Nuevo Estado surgido de la Guerra Civil. NO-DO fue creado por la Orden de 17 de diciembre de 1942, que configuró un medio de comunicación cinematográfica en régimen de exclusividad, obligatoriedad y onerosidad; pero a pesar de la naturaleza estatal del Noticiario, sus contenidos fueron sometidos al control externo llevado a cabo tanto por la Vicesecretaría de Educación Popular, de la cual dependía, como por la Delegación Nacional de Propaganda, como paso previo al sometimiento de las ediciones a la preceptiva censura. En todo caso, NO-DO fue un noticiario privilegiado en su época, porque estuvo en disposición de ofrecer al público español información rodada por uno y otro bando, y mientras se estaba librando la guerra. La cobertura que NO-DO dio a la Segunda Guerra Mundial fue comparativamente superior a la dedicada a cualquier otro tema, nacional o internacional, durante el trienio 1943-1945; e incidió en una mayor duración de las ediciones correspondientes de este periodo, respecto al metraje medio que se consolidó en los años siguientes. El tratamiento informativo evolucionó desde una clara tendencia germanófila, pasando por la paulatina moderación a medida que se confirmó el repliegue de las tropas Eje en los diversos frentes de batalla y se intensificaron las presiones de Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña para que el gobierno franquista ofreciera muestras de un cambio real en sus políticas exterior y comunicativa; para terminar incorporando un discurso pro-aliado, de modo que la fase final de la contienda mundial y los primeros meses de la posguerra fueron narrados por los vencedores. El cambio de orientación ideológica en el tratamiento informativo de la guerra no fue drástico, sino gradual y con tempos e intensidad diversos dependiendo del frente de batalla...

Breve apunte acerca de un manuscrito ornitológico redactado por Philip W. Munn durante su exilio en Portugal (1941-1945): The birds of the Balearic Islands (June, 1943)

Se presenta un bosquejo acerca de un documento de excepcional valor histórico para la ornitología balear: el manuscrito de Las Aves de las Islas Baleares (1943), redactado en inglés por el ornitólogo británico Philip Winchester Munn durante su exilio lisboeta.

Mussolini las quiere deportistas: mujer y deporte en los noticiarios cinematográficos Luce (1928-1943)

Este artículo analiza la imagen que el noticiario cinematográfico Luce presentó de las mujeres del mundo del deporte entre 1928 y 1943. Se utiliza como fuente los noticiarios Luce porque constituyó uno de los instrumentos fundamentales de la propaganda fascista. Se estudia la evolución de la representación de la mujer en diferentes ámbitos del deporte, así como la política fascista relacionada con el deporte femenino y el culto del cuerpo.

La danza española y la ilusión cinematográfica en Mariemma: de las variedades al recital de danzas (1934-1943)

El papel específico de Mariemma (1917-2008) en su contribución a la conformación de la identidad de la danza española tras la guerra civil, exige ser estudiado desde los numerosos frentes que plasmaron su actividad como bailarina, coreógrafa y maestra. Este trabajo busca dar una primera aproximación de la recepción, el contexto formal y el repertorio en el que Mariemma proyecta su carrera artística desde España (1940), tras sus años de infancia y juventud en París (1920-1939). Con este objetivo, se utiliza una metodología que combina las entrevistas a informantes que fueron testigos cercanos de su labor, además del apoyo en fuentes documentales (hemeroteca y fílmicas) desconocidas hasta ahora. Desde los años 40, la bailarina presentó bailes regionales junto con repertorio de escuela bolera, flamenco y danza estilizada en el formato del recital de danzas. Al mismo tiempo. Mariemma hacía sus primeras incursiones en el cine con títulos como Boy (Antonio Calvache, 1940) o Donne-moi tes yeux (Sacha Guitry, 1943). Películas que han pasado desapercibidas porque pertenecen a los primeros años de la posguerra española y coinciden cronológicamente con su debut en el formato del recital de danzas. Por otra parte, son documentos con una visibilidad mínima al quedar sumergidos en las hemerotecas o supeditados a las exigencias de la gran industria cinematográfica.

Central America & Caribbean Region, 1858 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A new map of tropical-America, north of the Equator : comprising the West-Indies, Central-America, Mexico, New Cranada [sic] and Venezuela by H. Kiepert. It was published by Dietrich Reimer in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:3,600,000].The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries and colonial claims, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Includes also text and inset map: Central part of the Mexican Republic on an enlarged scale, based upon the surveys published by A. v. Humboldt, v. Gerolt, Heller, Smith and the Sociedad Mejicana de Geografía y Estadística. Scale 1:1,000,000.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Piscataquis County, Maine, 1858 (Image 1 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Piscataquis County Maine, from surveys under the direction of H. F. Walling; field notes under the direction of L. H. Eaton Esq. civil engineer. It was published by Lee & Marsh in 1858. Scale [ca 1:63,360]. This layer is image 1 of 2 total images, representing the northeast portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM Zone 19N, meters, NAD1983). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Piscataquis County, Maine, 1858 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Piscataquis County Maine, from surveys under the direction of H. F. Walling; field notes under the direction of L. H. Eaton Esq. civil engineer. It was published by Lee & Marsh in 1858. Scale [ca 1:63,360]. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images, representing the northwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM Zone 19N, meters, NAD1983). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 1858 (Image 1 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hillsboro Co., New Hampshire, from actual surveys by J. Chace, Jr. It was published by Smith, Mason & Co. in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:53,000]. This layer is image 1 of 4 total images, representing the northwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes table of distances, agricultural goods, religious affiliations, business directory, statistics of education and other information, and a list of county officers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 1858 (Image 2 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hillsboro Co., New Hampshire, from actual surveys by J. Chace, Jr. It was published by Smith, Mason & Co. in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:53,000]. This layer is image 2 of 4 total images, representing the southwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes table of distances, agricultural goods, religious affiliations, business directory, statistics of education and other information, and a list of county officers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 1858 (Image 3 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hillsboro Co., New Hampshire, from actual surveys by J. Chace, Jr. It was published by Smith, Mason & Co. in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:53,000]. This layer is image 3 of 4 total images, representing the southeast portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes table of distances, agricultural goods, religious affiliations, business directory, statistics of education and other information, and a list of county officers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 1858 (Image 4 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hillsboro Co., New Hampshire, from actual surveys by J. Chace, Jr. It was published by Smith, Mason & Co. in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:53,000]. This layer is image 4 of 4 total images, representing the northeast portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes table of distances, agricultural goods, religious affiliations, business directory, statistics of education and other information, and a list of county officers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Franklin County, Massachusetts, 1858 (Image 1 of 3) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Franklin County, Massachusetts : based upon the trigonometrical survey of the state, the details from actual surveys under the direction of H.F. Walling, supt. of the state map. It was published by Smith & Ingraham in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:47,520]. This layer is image 1 of 3 total images, representing the northwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.