Insinööri Seppo Mantere 25/12 1973

Kirje 25.12.1973

Early attentional processes distinguish selective from global motor inhibitory control : An electrical neuroimaging study

The rapid stopping of specific parts of movements is frequently required in daily life. Yet, whether selective inhibitory control of movements is mediated by a specific neural pathway or by the combination between a global stopping of all ongoing motor activity followed by the re-initiation of task-relevant movements remains unclear. To address this question, we applied time-wise statistical analyses of the topography, global field power and electrical sources of the event-related potentials to the global vs selective inhibition stimuli presented during a Go/NoGo task. Participants (n = 18) had to respond as fast as possible with their two hands to Go stimuli and to withhold the response from the two hands (global inhibition condition, GNG) or from only one hand (selective inhibition condition, SNG) when specific NoGo stimuli were presented. Behaviorally, we replicated previous evidence for slower response times in the SNG than in the Go condition. Electrophysiologically, there were two distinct phases of event-related potentials modulations between the GNG and the SNG conditions. At 110âeuro"150 ms post-stimulus onset, there was a difference in the strength of the electric field without concomitant topographic modulation, indicating the differential engagement of statistically indistinguishable configurations of neural generators for selective and global inhibitory control. At 150âeuro"200 ms, there was topographic modulation, indicating the engagement of distinct brain networks. Source estimations localized these effects within bilateral temporo-parieto-occipital and within parieto-central networks, respectively. Our results suggest that while both types of motor inhibitory control depend on global stopping mechanisms, selective and global inhibition still differ quantitatively at early attention-related processing phases.

La contribución de curvas de rendimiento sostenible (Sheperd 1982) para la Merluza peruana

Estimados de rendimiento por recluta y biomasa por recluta obtenidos con el modelo de Beverton y Holt se combinan con la relación stock-reclutamiento (Ricker, 1954), para construir curvas de rendimiento relacionando el rendimiento total de la mortalidad por pesca. Asumiendo un reclutamieto a la pesca a la edad tc=2 y tc=3 se obtienen, para condiciones normales, valores de rendimientos sostenible de 105,600 y 144,000 TM respectivamente.

Variaciones mensuales y anuales de desembarque del Pejerrey (Odontesthes regia regia) en el Perú entre 1964 y 1986

El pejerrey es pescado desde el Puerto Pizarro hasta la frontera con Chile, los mayores desembarques se reportaron para la zona central del Perú y en los meses más fríos del año. Durante fenómenos El Niño los desembarques bajaron, especialmente en el de 1982-183.

Critical Role of the GM-CSF Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Pro-Repair Activities.

OBJECTIVE: Macrophages play a critical role in intestinal wound repair. However, the molecular pathways that regulate macrophage wound repair activities remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of GM-CSF receptor signaling in the wound repair activities of macrophages. METHODS: Murine macrophages were differentiated from bone marrow cells and human macrophages from monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Crohn's disease (CD) patients. In vitro models were used to study the repair activities of macrophages. RESULTS: We provide evidence that GM-CSF receptor signaling is required for murine macrophages to promote epithelial repair. In addition, we demonstrate that the deficient repair properties of macrophages from CD patients with active disease can be recovered via GM-CSF therapy. CONCLUSION: Our data support a critical role of the GM-CSF signaling pathway in the pro-repair activities of mouse and human macrophages. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Genome-wide association analysis of copy number variation in recurrent depressive disorder.

Large, rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders, but the role of CNVs in recurrent depression is unclear. We performed a genome-wide analysis of large, rare CNVs in 3106 cases of recurrent depression, 459 controls screened for lifetime-absence of psychiatric disorder and 5619 unscreened controls from phase 2 of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC2). We compared the frequency of cases with CNVs against the frequency observed in each control group, analysing CNVs over the whole genome, genic, intergenic, intronic and exonic regions. We found that deletion CNVs were associated with recurrent depression, whereas duplications were not. The effect was significant when comparing cases with WTCCC2 controls (P=7.7 × 10(-6), odds ratio (OR) =1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.37)) and to screened controls (P=5.6 × 10(-4), OR=1.52 (95% CI 1.20-1.93). Further analysis showed that CNVs deleting protein coding regions were largely responsible for the association. Within an analysis of regions previously implicated in schizophrenia, we found an overall enrichment of CNVs in our cases when compared with screened controls (P=0.019). We observe an ordered increase of samples with deletion CNVs, with the lowest proportion seen in screened controls, the next highest in unscreened controls and the highest in cases. This may suggest that the absence of deletion CNVs, especially in genes, is associated with resilience to recurrent depression.

Estudos Mediáticos Programa de especialização

A evolução actual do ensino superior mostra claramente a importância crescente das formações ao nível de pós-graduação. Observamos também a proliferação de programas cada vez mais especializados e formatados para públicos exigentes. A preocupação com a qualidade dos serviços oferecidos contribui também para um maior interesse pela formação que permita acompanhar as novas tendências em diferentes áreas de conhecimento. O desenvolvimento rápido e disperso dos meios de comunicação resultou no aumento de trabalhadores nesta área. Não obstante, no caso de Cabo Verde, só alguns detêm a formação universitária adequada. O curso pretende, de alguma maneira, oferecer aos profissionais de comunicação e informação, a possibilidade de completar a experiência com conhecimentos específicos e actuais.

Fortifications. Etat, en forme de mémoire, des souterrains et des battimens militaires qui sont à la citadelle de Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port

Ancien possesseur : Argenson, Antoine-René de Voyer (1722-1787 ; marquis de Paulmy d')