EXTRAITS HISTORIQUES.

Contient : Extraits du Miroir historial, de Jean de Noyal, abbé de Saint-Vincent de Laon [Molinier, Sources, n° 3101] ; « Extrait de l'histoire ms. de Gaston, comte de Foix, par Guillaume Le Seur, communiqué par M. Doihenard, qui en a l'original. » ; Pièces relatives à La Rochelle (1407-1498), extraites des registres du Trésor des chartes ; Lettre de Raimbaud, archevêque d'Arles, au pape Alexandre II, et bulle de celui-ci, concernant l'église de Barjols [Albanès, Gall. Christ. noviss., Arles, col. 173, nos 422 et 423] ; Charte de Raimond, comte de Saint-Gilles, pour l'église d'Arles. 1105 [ibid., col. 187, n° 464]

Tree of Sex: A database of sexual systems

The vast majority of eukaryotic organisms reproduce sexually, yet the nature of the sexual system and the mechanism of sex determination often vary remarkably, even among closely related species. Some species of animals and plants change sex across their lifespan, some contain hermaphrodites as well as males and females, some determine sex with highly differentiated chromosomes, while others determine sex according to their environment. Testing evolutionary hypotheses regarding the causes and consequences of this diversity requires interspecific data placed in a phylogenetic context. Such comparative studies have been hampered by the lack of accessible data listing sexual systems and sex determination mechanisms across the eukaryotic tree of life. Here, we describe a database developed to facilitate access to sexual system and sex chromosome information, with data on sexual systems from 11,038 plant, 705 fish, 173 amphibian, 593 non-avian reptilian, 195 avian, 479 mammalian, and 11,556 invertebrate species.

[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi à Escudier, Sant'Agata, 23 juin 1872]

Comprend aussi une enveloppe

Mémoire relatif aux cartes des Pirennées : Légende de tous les cols, passages, et ports qui vont de France en Espagne traversant les Pirennées, à compter depuis la Mer Meditterranée prés de Collioure, jusqu'au Royaume d'Aragon, les endroits d'où ils partent, ou ils vont aboutir. Le tems qu'il faut d'un lieu à un autre d'un pas reglé, les passages qu'on pourroit detruire, et les troupes qu'il faudroit pour garder cette frontière

Ancien possesseur : Argenson, Antoine-René de Voyer (1722-1787 ; marquis de Paulmy d')

Tandem repeat sequence variation as causative cis-eQTLs for protein-coding gene expression variation: the case of CSTB.

Association studies have revealed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for a large number of genes. However, the causative variants that regulate gene expression levels are generally unknown. We hypothesized that copy-number variation of sequence repeats contribute to the expression variation of some genes. Our laboratory has previously identified that the rare expansion of a repeat c.-174CGGGGCGGGGCG in the promoter region of the CSTB gene causes a silencing of the gene, resulting in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Here, we genotyped the repeat length and quantified CSTB expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 173 lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and fibroblast samples from the GenCord collection. The majority of alleles contain either two or three copies of this repeat. Independent analysis revealed that the c.-174CGGGGCGGGGCG repeat length is strongly associated with CSTB expression (P = 3.14 × 10(-11)) in LCLs only. Examination of both genotyped and imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 2 Mb of CSTB revealed that the dodecamer repeat represents the strongest cis-eQTL for CSTB in LCLs. We conclude that the common two or three copy variation is likely the causative cis-eQTL for CSTB expression variation. More broadly, we propose that polymorphic tandem repeats may represent the causative variation of a fraction of cis-eQTLs in the genome.

Vascular continuity, cell axialization and auxin.

Phytohormones have been implicated in vascular development in various ways, but their precise function and the extent of their influence is still controversial. Recent results from experimental manipulation of developing organs and Arabidopsis developmental genetics support a role for polar auxin flow in cell axis formation within the vascular system and, interestingly, also in the embryonic establishment of the plant body axis. Vascular responses to auxin transport inhibition indicate patterns of auxin distribution during leaf development and new technologies may enable these predictions to be tested within the near future. Moreover, recently discovered Arabidopsis axialisation mutants seem to identify essential genes that relay auxin signals in vascular development. A first gene in this class, MONOPTEROS (MP) has been cloned and encodes a transcription factor capable of binding to auxin response elements in the control regions of auxin regulated genes. Molecular identification of further axialisation genes may provide access to a mechanistic understanding of plant cell axis formation.

Correlação linear e espsacial entre a produtividade de feijão e a porosidade de um Latossolo Vermelho de Selvíria (MS)

A porosidade do solo exerce grande influência sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal, uma vez que o crescimento das raízes, tal como a produtividade das culturas, é limitado pela profundidade que atingem. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade espacial e as correlações lineares entre a produtividade de feijão e a porosidade do solo. No ano de 2004/2005, no município de Selvíria, MS, foram analisadas a produtividade de grãos de feijão (PG), cultivar IAC Carioca, irrigado, a macroporosidade (MA), a microporosidade (MI) e a porosidade total (PT) do solo em quatro profundidades: 1 (0,0-0,10); 2(0,10-0,20); 3(0,20-0,30) e 4(0,30-0,40 m), num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. As amostras de solo e planta foram coletadas em uma malha geoestatística com 75 pontos espaçados de 10 x 10 m, mais 60 pontos de quatro malhas de refinamento numa área de 50 x 150 m. Os atributos estudados, além de não terem variado aleatoriamente, apresentaram média e baixa variabilidades. Seguiram padrões espaciais bem definidos, com alcances entre 11,70 e 104,40 m. A correlação linear entre o atributo da planta e os do solo, em função do elevado número de observações, foi baixa. As de melhor correlação linear com a PG foram a MA1, MI1 e a PT3. Entretanto, do ponto de vista espacial, houve excelente correlação inversa entre a PG e a #PT2. Assim, nos sítios onde a #PT2 diminuiu (0,030-0,045 m³ m-3 ), a PG variou entre 2.173 e 3.529 kg ha-1. Já naqueles onde aumentou (0,045-0,076 m³ m-3 ), a PG ficou entre 1.630-2.173 kg ha-1. Assim, a porosidade total do solo, quando avaliada na camada de 0,10-0,20 m (#PT2), indicou a importância do contato raiz/solo e, de modo inverso, apresentou satisfatório indicador da qualidade física do solo estudado, quando destinado à produtividade de grãos de feijão irrigado.

Prognostic value of fractional flow reserve: linking physiologic severity to clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has become an established tool for guiding treatment, but its graded relationship to clinical outcomes as modulated by medical therapy versus revascularization remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: The study hypothesized that FFR displays a continuous relationship between its numeric value and prognosis, such that lower FFR values confer a higher risk and therefore receive larger absolute benefits from revascularization. METHODS: Meta-analysis of study- and patient-level data investigated prognosis after FFR measurement. An interaction term between FFR and revascularization status allowed for an outcomes-based threshold. RESULTS: A total of 9,173 (study-level) and 6,961 (patient-level) lesions were included with a median follow-up of 16 and 14 months, respectively. Clinical events increased as FFR decreased, and revascularization showed larger net benefit for lower baseline FFR values. Outcomes-derived FFR thresholds generally occurred around the range 0.75 to 0.80, although limited due to confounding by indication. FFR measured immediately after stenting also showed an inverse relationship with prognosis (hazard ratio: 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.80 to 0.93; p < 0.001). An FFR-assisted strategy led to revascularization roughly half as often as an anatomy-based strategy, but with 20% fewer adverse events and 10% better angina relief. CONCLUSIONS: FFR demonstrates a continuous and independent relationship with subsequent outcomes, modulated by medical therapy versus revascularization. Lesions with lower FFR values receive larger absolute benefits from revascularization. Measurement of FFR immediately after stenting also shows an inverse gradient of risk, likely from residual diffuse disease. An FFR-guided revascularization strategy significantly reduces events and increases freedom from angina with fewer procedures than an anatomy-based strategy.

Memòria crítica de tres debats escolars

Com reflexió sobre l'ensenyament a l'Escola Elisava i de l'ensenyament del disseny en general, la intervenció pretén tractar els debats que durant molts anys s'havien donat tàcitament entre els diversos estaments acadèmics, mostrant la situació crítica que suposa -especialment per al fràgil disseny- que un qualsevol d'aquests estaments influeixi sobre els altres. A partir de mitjans dels anys 90, la progressiva adopció generalitzada a l'ensenyament superior del model anglosaxó -amb clar predomini del fet institucional- ha mostrat el caràcter premonitori de la crítica que aquí s'exposa.

Memoria crítica de tres debates escolares

Como reflexión sobre la enseñanza en la Escola Elisava y de la enseñanza del diseño en general, la intervención pretende tratar los debates que durante muchos años se habían dado tácitamente entre los distintos estamentos académicos, mostrando la situación crítica que supone -especialmente para el frágil diseño- que uno cualquiera de estos estamentos influya sobre los demás. A partir de mediados de los años 90, la progresiva adopción generalizada en la enseñanza superior del modelo anglosajón -con claro predominio de lo institucional- ha mostrado el carácter premonitorio de la crítica que aquí se expone.

Crítical memory of three school debates

As reflection on the education in the Escola Elisava and of the design education in general, the intervention tries to treat the debates that for many years had existed tacitly between the different academic classes, showing the critical situation that it supposes - especially for the fragile design - that one any of these classes influences over the others. From middle of the 90s, the progressive adoption generalized in the higher education of the Anglo-Saxon model ¿with clear predominance of the institutional thing¿ has showed the indicative character of the critique that here is exhibited.

Mechanism, regulation, and ecological role of bacterial cyanide biosynthesis.

A few bacterial species are known to produce and excrete hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a potent inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase and several other metalloenzymes. In the producer strains, HCN does not appear to have a role in primary metabolism and is generally considered a secondary metabolite. HCN synthase of proteobacteria (especially fluorescent pseudomonads) is a membrane-bound flavoenzyme that oxidizes glycine, producing HCN and CO2. The hcnABC structural genes of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa have sequence similarities with genes encoding various amino acid dehydrogenases/oxidases, in particular with nopaline oxidase of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Induction of the hcn genes of P. fluorescens by oxygen limitation requires the FNR-like transcriptional regulator ANR, an ANR recognition sequence in the -40 region of the hcn promoter, and nonlimiting amounts of iron. In addition, expression of the hcn genes depends on a regulatory cascade initiated by the GacS/GacA (global control) two-component system. This regulation, which is typical of secondary metabolism, manifests itself during the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase. Cyanide produced by P. fluorescens strain CHA0 has an ecological role in that this metabolite accounts for part of the biocontrol capacity of strain CHA0, which suppresses fungal diseases on plant roots. Cyanide can also be a ligand of hydrogenases in some anaerobic bacteria that have not been described as cyanogenic. However, in this case, as well as in other situations, the physiological function of cyanide is unknown.