Moreau et sa dernière campagne , esquisse historique, par un officier de Son État-major, à l'armée du Rhin ; traduit de l'allemand

Titre original : Moreau und sein letzter Feldzug : historische Skizze

CD10 is inversely associated with nuclear factor-kappa B and predicts biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

INTRODUCTION: The cell surface endopeptidase CD10 (neutral endopeptidase) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) have been independently associated with prostate cancer (PC) progression. We investigated the correlations between these two factors and their prognostic relevance in terms of biochemical (prostate-specific antigen, PSA) relapse after radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized PC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of CD10 and NF-κB in samples from 70 patients who underwent RP for localized PC was correlated with the preoperative PSA level, Gleason score, pathological stage and time to PSA failure. RESULTS: CD10 expression was inversely associated with NF-κB expression (p < 0.001), stage (p = 0.03) and grade (p = 0.003), whereas NF-κB was directly related with stage (p = 0.006) and grade (p = 0.002). The median time to PSA failure was 56 months. CD10 and NF-κB were directly (p < 0.001) and inversely (p < 0.001) correlated with biochemical recurrence-free survival, respectively. CD10 expression (p = 0.022) and stage (p = 0.018) were independently associated with time to biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSION: Low CD10 expression is an adverse prognostic factor for biochemical relapse after RP in localized PC, which is also associated with high NF-κB expression. Decreased CD10 expression which would lead to increased neuropeptide signaling and NF-κB activity may be present in a subset of early PCs.

Alpine and pre-Alpine magmatism in the root-zone of the western Central Alps

The highest grade of metamorphism and associated structural elements in orogenic belts may be inherited from earlier orogenic events. We illustrate this point using magmatic and metamorphic rocks from the southern steep belt of the Lepontine Gneiss Dome (Central Alps). The U-Pb zircon ages from an anatectic granite at Verampio and migmatites at Corcapolo and Lavertezzo yield 280-290 Ma, i.e., Hercynian ages. These ages indicate that the highest grade of metamorphism in several crystalline nappes of the Lepontine Gneiss Dome is pre-Alpine. Alpine metamorphism reached sufficiently high grade to reset the Rb-Sr and K-Ar systematics of mica and amphibole, but generally did not result in crustal melting, except in the steep belt to the north of the Insubric Line, where numerous 29 to 26 Ma old pegmatites and aplites had intruded syn- and post-kinematically into gneisses of the ductile Simplon Shear Zone. The emplacement age of these pegmatites gives a minimum estimate for the age of the Alpine metamorphic peak in the Monte Rosa nappe. The U-Pb titanite ages of 33 to 31 Ma from felsic porphyritic veins represent a minimum-age estimate for Alpine metamorphism in the Sesia Zone. A porphyric vein emplaced at 448 +/- 5 Ma (U-Pb monazite) demonstrates that there existed a consolidated Caledonian basement in the Sesia Zone.

Effect of elective antibiotic therapy on resting energy expenditure and inflammation in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often present with malnutrition which may partly be due to increased resting energy expenditure (REE) secondary to inflammation. Both REE and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as other markers of inflammation, are elevated during respiratory exacerbations and decrease after antibiotic treatment. However, the effect of antibiotic therapy on REE and inflammation in patients without respiratory exacerbation is not known. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of such an elective antibiotic therapy on REE, TNF-alpha, and other serum markers of inflammation. Twelve CF patients 5F/7M, age 15.9 +/- 6.1 years, weight for height ratio 89 +/- 8% without clinically obvious exacerbation and treated by intravenous antibiotics were studied. Both before (D0) and after (D14) treatment, pulmonary function tests were performed. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry and blood taken to measure inflammation parameters. Body weight increased by 1.1 kg from D0 to D14 (P < 0.001), composed of 0.3 kg fat mass and 0.8 kg fat-free mass (FFM). The forced expiratory volume at 1 s increased from 43 +/- 15% of predicted at D0 to 51 +/- 15% of predicted at D14 (P < 0.01). Mean REE was 41.1 +/- 7.6 kcal/kg FFM per day at D0 and did not change significantly at D14 (40.6 +/- 8.5 kcal/kg FFM per day). Serum markers of inflammation decreased from D0 to D14: C-reactive protein 17 +/- 17 mg/l to 4 +/- 7 mg/l (P < 0.05), elastase 62 +/- 29 microg/l to 45 +/- 18 microg/l (P < 0.02), orosomucoid acid 1.25 +/- 0.11 g/l to 0.80 +/- 0.15 g/l (P < 0.001), and TNF-alpha 37 +/- 14 pg/ml to 29 +/- 6 pg/ml (P = 0.05). Individual values showed a correlation between changes in REE and in TNF-alpha (P < 0.02). The contribution of inflammation to energy expenditure is possible but appears to be minimal in cystic fibrosis patients treated by antibiotics on a regular basis in the absence of clinically obvious exacerbation.

3D reconstruction and comparison of shapes of DNA minicircles observed by cryo-electron microscopy.

We use cryo-electron microscopy to compare 3D shapes of 158 bp long DNA minicircles that differ only in the sequence within an 18 bp block containing either a TATA box or a catabolite activator protein binding site. We present a sorting algorithm that correlates the reconstructed shapes and groups them into distinct categories. We conclude that the presence of the TATA box sequence, which is believed to be easily bent, does not significantly affect the observed shapes.

CATMA: a complete Arabidopsis GST database.

The Complete Arabidopsis Transcriptome Micro Array (CATMA) database contains gene sequence tag (GST) and gene model sequences for over 70% of the predicted genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome as well as primer sequences for GST amplification and a wide range of supplementary information. All CATMA GST sequences are specific to the gene for which they were designed, and all gene models were predicted from a complete reannotation of the genome using uniform parameters. The database is searchable by sequence name, sequence homology or direct SQL query, and is available through the CATMA website at http://www.catma.org/.

Evolution of anaesthesia care and related events between 1996 and 2010 in Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: Anaesthesia Databank Switzerland (ADS) is a voluntary data registry introduced in 1996. Its ultimate goal is to promote quality in anaesthesiology. METHODS: The ADS registry analyses routinely recorded adverse events and provides benchmark comparisons between anaesthesia departments. Data collection comprises a set of 31 variables organised into three modules, one mandatory and two optional. RESULTS: In 2010, the database included 2,158,735 anaesthetic procedures. Over time, the proportions of older patients have increased, the largest group being aged 50-64 years. The percentage of patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status 1 has decreased while the percentage of ASA status 2 or 3 patients has increased. The most frequent comorbidities recorded were hypertension (21%), smoking (16%), allergy (15%) and obesity (12%). Between 1996 and 2010, 125,579 adverse events were recorded, of which 34% were cardiovascular, 7% respiratory, 39% technical and 20% non-specific. The most severe events were resuscitation (50%), oliguria (22%), myocardial ischaemia (17%) and haemorrhage (10%). CONCLUSION: Routine ADS data collection contributes to the monitoring of trends in anaesthesia care in Switzerland. The ADS system has proved to be usable in daily practice, although this remains a constant challenge that is highly dependent on local quality management and quality culture. Nevertheless, success in developing routine regular feedback to users to initiate discussions about anaesthetic events would most likely help strengthen departmental culture regarding safety and quality of care.

Parental attitude towards alternative medicine in the paediatric intensive care unit.

The interest in alternative medicine (AM) is growing. In the USA and Canada, studies showed that 34% of adults and 11% of children use AM. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the interest in AM among parents of critically ill children in the paediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital. From January 1996 to April 1997, we distributed questionnaires to the parents of critically ill children. These strictly anonymous questionnaires were completed at home and returned by mail. Exclusion criteria were short ( < 1 day) or repeated hospitalizations, and insufficient proficiency of the German language. The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 591 patients; 561 received the questionnaire (95%) and 289 (52%) were returned. Of the respondents, 70% would appreciate AM as a complementary therapy on the ICU, 23% found AM equally or more important than conventional medicine whereas only 7% regarded AM as unimportant. On the ICU, 18% used AM; surprisingly 41% of them did not discuss it with physicians or nurses. An additional 21% would have liked to use AM, but did not do so. Typically, AM-users administered AM also at home to their children and themselves. Their children were however, older.CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of parents used measures of alternative medicine in the intensive care unit, or would have like to do so. However, few had the confidence to discuss this wish with the medical personal. This suggests that alternative medicine is of great interest, even on an intensive care unit. Nevertheless, discussion about alternative medicine seems to be taboo in doctor-patient relations.

Professores, desencanto com a profissão e abandono do magistério

Ao examinar a questão do abandono do magistério público na rede de ensino do Estado de São Paulo, este artigo teve como principal objetivo compreender de que modo esse processo é tecido ao longo da vida e da experiência profissional dos professores. O estudo focalizou o período de 1990-1995 e se baseou em dados quantitativos, obtidos na Secretaria Estadual de Educação, a partir dos quais verificou-se, no interregno, um aumento da ordem de 300% nos pedidos de exoneração do magistério, e em dados qualitativos, obtidos de um questionário, enviado a 158 ex-professores da rede pública, e de 16 entrevistas sobre histórias de vida profissional. As análises evidenciam que, além dos baixos salários, as precárias situações, a insatisfação no trabalho e o desprestígio profissional estão entre os fatores que mais contribuem para que os professores deixem a profissão docente. Mostram também que esse processo acontece lentamente, por meio de uma série de mecanismos pessoais e institucionais de que os docentes fazem uso, até que ocorra o abandono definitivo.

Nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate alone or associated with band ligation in the prevention of recurrent bleeding: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background and aims: Previous clinical trials suggest that adding non-selective beta-blockers improves the efficacy of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) in the prevention of recurrent bleeding, but no study has evaluated whether EBL improves the efficacy of beta-blockers + isosorbide-5-mononitrate. The present study was aimed at evaluating this issue in a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) and to correlate changes in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) during treatment with clinical outcomes. Methods: 158 patients with cirrhosis, admitted because of variceal bleeding, were randomised to receive nadolol+isosorbide-5-mononitrate alone (Drug: n=78) or combined with EBL (Drug+EBL; n=80). HVPG measurements were performed at randomisation and after 4¿6 weeks on medical therapy. Results: Median follow-up was 15 months. One-year probability of recurrent bleeding was similar in both groups (33% vs 26%: p=0.3). There were no significant differences in survival or need of rescue shunts. Overall adverse events or those requiring hospital admission were significantly more frequent in the Drug+EBL group. Recurrent bleeding was significantly more frequent in HVPG non-responders than in responders (HVPG reduction ¿20% or ¿12 mm Hg). Among non-responders recurrent bleeding was similar in patients treated with Drugs or Drugs+EBL. Conclusions: Adding EBL to pharmacological treatment did not reduce recurrent bleeding, the need for rescue therapy, or mortality, and was associated with more adverse events. Furthermore, associating EBL to drug therapy did not reduce the high rebleeding risk of HVPG non-responders.

Pièces relatives à l'histoire de la ville de TULLE. I

Contient : Copies de bulles, lettres royaux, etc., concernant l'histoire de la ville de Tulle (1372-1547), extraites des archives et de la Bibliothèque du Roi, des archives de l'église de Tulle et d'originaux en la possession de Baluze ; Accord entre l'évêque et le chapitre de Tulle (1429), extrait du « Codex magnorum statutorum » ; Accords entre Louis d'Aubusson, évêque de Tulle, et Guichard de Comborn, abbé d'Uzerche (1456-1465) ; Hommage fait par Charles de Malemont à Clément de Brillac, évêque de Tulle (18 avril 1503) ; « Acta primi ingressus Hugonis de Albuconia, episcopi Tutellensis » (1451) ; « Acta primi ingressus Dionysii de Barro, episcopi Tutelensis » (1472) ; Serments prêtés par les évêques de Tulle de respecter les libertés de la ville (1495-1561) ; Description de l'église cathédrale de Tulle ; Copie figurée d'une inscription de l'église de Moissac, relative à la dédicace de cette église en 1063 (Cf. Gall. christ., t. I, col. 158) ; Pièces relatives à l'envoi du comte de Ventadour comme gouverneur du Limousin (1634) ; originaux ; Catalogus abbatum et episcoporum Tullensium, par Et. Baluze (placard imprimé ; Tulle, 1669) ; Procès-verbaux « touchant l'argent que la ville a prins des coffres du Roi » (31 octobre 1685) ; copies contemporaines ; Lettres royaux portant convocation de l'assemblée des trois ordres à Tulle pour l'envoi de députés aux Etats généraux (août 1614) ; placard imprimé ; Confirmation par Louis XIII du droit, pour les habitants de Tulle, de percevoir un octroi aux portes de la ville (16 mars 1611-22 novembre 1612) ; Défense faite aux curés de Saint-Pierre et de Saint-Jacques de Tulle de marier des étrangers sans autorisation du maire et des consuls (10 mars 1586) ; Extrait des registres de la Maison de ville de Tulle (1587-1588) ; « Estat de la recette que j'ay fait durant mon quartier, qui a commencé le 1er de septembre 1599 et finy le dernier de novembre audit an ; » original, sans indication de provenance ; Etat de sommes à percevoir dans les diverses parroisses de l'évêché de Tulle (1589) ; original ; Inventaire de titres concernant les vicomtes de Comborn (1441-1489) ; Accensement des revenus de la prévôté de Clergoux (21 janvier 1531-1532 n. st.) ; copie contemporaine ; Pièces relatives au différend entre le vicaire général et le chapitre de Tulle au sujet de l'ouverture du jubilé (avril 1656) ; Lettre du vicaire général, Guillaume Dumas, à M. Javel, sénéchal de Turenne (21 juillet 1655) ; Bulletins de service pour la garde des portes de la ville de Tulle (1586) ; originaux ; Lettre écrite de Tulle [à Baluze ?] par M. Collier (13 mars 1679) ; Mémoires sur la ville de Tulle, par M. Brivazat, vissenéchal de Tulle ; Procès-verbal d'une assemblée de conseillers de ladite ville (20 mars 1586) ; Lettre de G. de Juré aux consuls de la ville de Tulle (s. d.) ; original ; Requête présentée à « nossieurs des Comptes » par Bertrand Fagerdie (s. d.) ; original ; Mémoire sur la gestion du même au siège royal de Tulle (1551) ; Accord entre les habitants de Tulle et ceux de Brive pour le rétablissement du siège royal (1553) ; copie contemporaine ; Lettre d'Etienne de l'Estang à [Antoine] de Noailles, lieutenant du roi en Guyenne, relative à la même affaire (1551) ; copie donnée à Baluze par vyon d'Herouval en 1684 ; Accord entre B. Fagerdie et Antoine de La Tour, chanoine de Tulle (1561) ; original ; Enquête faite au sujet de l'anoblissement de Guillaume de Marne, lieutenant-général au siège de Tulle (1597) ; original ; Anoblissement de Pierre Geneste et de divers autres jurats de la ville de Bordeaux (juin 1589) ; Rôle de taille et taillon de la ville de Tulle (février 1595) ; original ; Factum pour le syndic du clergé du diocèse de Tulle contre les prétendus reformez d'Argentat ; imprimé de 4 p. in-4°, s. d., avec une note relative à la destruction du temple d'Argentat en 1682 ; Mandements et ordonnances des évêques et des vicaires généraux de Tulle (1668-1696) ; placards imprimés